免疫缺陷性皮肤病

20052319 我国人类免疫缺陷病毒-1主要流行株外膜蛋白基因V3-V4区及其临近区域的特征性氨基酸分析，20052320 人类免疫缺隐病毒-1感染外周血单个核细胞体外培养的免疫学及病毒学特点，20052321 同一质评血清测HIV抗体结果不同的分析，20052322 确山县抗HIV治疗效果的实验室评价及分析，20052323 HIV和HCV重迭感染病毒载量间及与T淋巴细胞计数的相关性研究。     

青海省首次发现的2例HIV感染者HIV—1毒株的基因特征和亚型分析

目的：分析青海省首次发现的HIV感染者HIV－1毒株的基因特征及亚型。方法：从2例感染者外周静脉血淋巴细胞中提取前病毒DNA，使用套式PCR方法，扩增HIV的Env基因，对其Env C2-V3及邻近序列进行分析。结果：两个毒株与国际参考序列的Coon间的基因离散率最小为4．93％，而远离其它亚型，2个毒株间的基因离散率为1．35％，进一步的系统树分析显示，2个毒株与Ccon聚集在一起。结论：2个毒株均为C亚型，而且HIV－1毒株刚进入青海省且流行的时间不长。     

浅谈艾滋病

艾滋病取自英文acquired immune deficiency syndrome的缩写的音译名（AIDS）学名为“获得性免疫缺陷综合征”是一种新发现的主要经性接触和血液传播的病毒性传染病，是一种由人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV病毒）感染传播的传染病。艾滋病的发病机制是HIV病毒浸入人体后专门侵害免疫系统的巨噬细胞、B淋巴细胞，T-4淋巴细胞从而使T-4淋巴细胞过早老化死亡，于是T-4淋巴细胞大量减少，继而使整个免疫系统的功能衰退直至丧失造成人体对任何感染失去抵抗能力。     

发现HIV的第一人

艾滋病是获得性免疫缺陷综合征的简称，是由人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）引起的人体细胞免疫功能缺陷，于1978年美国纽约发现第1例后，1981年才被人们认识，但谁是HIV第一发现者呢？     

CD8~+T淋巴细胞各亚群与HIV感染疾病进程的关系

目的探讨CD8+T淋巴细胞各亚群在HIV感染性疾病发病中的作用。方法应用流式细胞仪荧光染色技术检测HIV/AIDS患者Ⅱ期25例、Ⅲ期17例和26名健康体检人员外周血CD8+/CD28+T,CD8+/CD38+T,CD8+/CD95+T,CD8+/HLA-DR+T淋巴细胞表达,并用RT-PCR检测HIV/AIDS患者血清HIV-RNA载量。结果 CD8+/CD38+T和CD8+/HLA-DR+T细胞在健康对照组、HIV/AIDS患者Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期中差异均有统计学意义(P0.01),并都与HIV-RNA载量存在正相关(r=0.480,P0.01;r=0.455,P0.01);Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期患者中,CD8+/CD95+T细胞高于健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);Ⅱ期患者和健康对照组中,CD8+/CD28+T细胞均高于Ⅲ期患者(P0.01)。结论 CD8+/CD38+T,CD8+/HLA-DR+T淋巴细胞亚群与HIV感染疾病进展显著相关,并参与患者免疫活化的调节。     

免疫缺陷性皮肤病

HIV—lenv基因序列分析及其与长期感染不进展现象相关性研究,人类免疫缺陷病毒-1感染者血清趋化因子的检测及克隆构建,人类免疫缺陷病毒Ⅰ型特异性CD8^＋T细胞应答中人类白细胞抗原Ⅰ的限制位点，人类免疫缺陷病毒感染者或艾滋病患者机会性感染和菌群分布特点     

HIV^＋／AIDS相关的皮肤粘膜损害

艾滋病（AIDS）是由人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染所致的传染病。HIV是一种逆转录病毒,能选择性结合CD4分子并侵入表达CD4的宿主细胞（主要是辅助性T淋巴细胞及树突状细胞）,导致机体免疫功能缺陷及免疫紊乱,出现机会性感染和恶性肿瘤。特别是表皮中树突状细胞（即郎格罕细胞）减少,抗原递呈功能受损,是导致皮肤黏膜损害的重要原因之一。感染HIV者普遍存在皮肤黏膜损害（90％可出现皮肤损害）,许多HIV^＋／AIDS患者以皮肤损害为首发症状,皮肤损害可作为HIV^＋／AIDS诊断的重要线索,也是免疫状况观察的重要指标。HIV^＋／AIDS相关皮肤黏膜损害可分为感染性皮肤病、肿瘤性皮肤病和炎症性皮肤病,简述如下。     

人类免疫缺陷病毒相关免疫性血小板减少症患者糖皮质激素治疗后复发的影响因素

目的 分析人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)相关免疫性血小板减少症(ITP)患者糖皮质激素治疗后复发的影响因素。方法 回顾性分析2018年1月至2020年1月成都医学院第二附属医院收治的118例HIV相关ITP患者的临床资料。收集患者治疗前相关基线资料,均行抗病毒治疗及糖皮质激素治疗,随访3～12个月,记录复发情况,分析HIV相关ITP患者治疗后复发的影响因素。结果 118例HIV相关ITP患者中,40例复发,78例未复发;经Logistic回归分析结果显示,病程长、中重度出血、血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa复合物(PAC-1)高水平,T淋巴细胞亚群(CD4⁺/CD8⁺)、血小板计数(PLT)及外周血淋巴细胞绝对值(ALC)低水平是HIV相关ITP患者治疗后复发的危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05)。结论 病程长、中重度出血、PAC-1高水平,以及CD4⁺/CD8⁺、PLT、ALC低水平是影响HIV相关ITP患者治疗后复发的风险因子。     

疣毒净系列制剂对复发性尖锐湿疣局部HPV清除作用及超微结构观察

目的：研究疣毒净系列制剂对复发性尖锐湿疣局部人类乳头瘤病毒(HPV)的清除作用及超微结构变化。方法：采用荧光定量PCR及透视电镜等新技术观察复发性尖锐湿疣治疗前、中、后HPV拷贝数及超微结构变化。结果：经疣毒净治疗前、中、后的HPV拷贝数显下降，超微结构逐渐恢复正常。结论：疣毒净系列制剂具有杀灭局部HPV的作用以及使局部病损组织结构恢复正常的功能。     

HIV/AIDS患者自我管理能力、家庭关怀度、生存质量现状及影响因素分析

目的 调查分析人类免疫缺陷病毒/获得性免疫缺陷综合征(HIV/AIDS)患者自我管理能力、家庭功能、生存质量现状及影响因素。方法 于2021年7月至12月选取512例HIV/AIDS患者作为研究对象,采用HIV/AIDS患者自我管理量表、HIV感染者生存质量量表、家庭关怀度指数问卷对其进行调查分析。结果 HIV/AIDS患者自我管理得分为(113.95±19.85)分,家庭关怀度得分为(7.42±2.57)分,生存质量得分为(81.69±12.06)分;自我管理与家庭关怀度、生存质量呈正相关(r=0.237、0.591,P=0.000);影响因素分别为年龄、性别、职业、文化程度、经济水平及CD4⁺T淋巴细胞计数。结论 HIV/AIDS患者自我管理能力、家庭功能及生存质量较差,临床医务人员需聚焦影响因素,采取多学科干预策略促进积极自我管理,提升生存质量。     

双嘧达莫抗单纯疱疹病毒的体外实验研究

目的和方法　用Vero细胞及HEK 2 93细胞体外培养法检测双嘧达莫对单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)的抑制活性 ,并以直线回归方程计算IC50 值。结果　双嘧达莫对HSV 1及 2型质控株及临床分离株的IC50 值范围在 6 9～ 1 6 1 μg/ml之间 ,而对照药阿昔洛韦为 1 9～ 2 1 3 μg/ml。 结论　从双嘧达莫广谱的抗病毒作用及其特有的作用机制以及药代动力学资料分析 ,口服给药对HSV感染的疗效尚待临床药理研究进一步证实 ,而局部给药则可能是抗HSV皮肤粘膜感染可供选择的治疗药物之一     

Comparison of human hair and nail low-sulfur protein compositions on two-dimensional electrophoresis

Compositions of human normal hair and nail low-sulfur proteins were compared using two-dimensional electrophoresis of their S-carboxymethylated (SCM) derivatives. Six SCM low-sulfur protein components with molecular weights (MWs) of 76,000, 73,000, 72,000, 64,000, 61,000 and 55,000 were common to the hair and nail. One component with a MW of 61,000 was specific to hair, and two components, both with a MW of 50,000, were specific to nail.     

人类唾液在鼠口腔白念珠菌感染中作用的研究

目的:研究人类唾液在涎腺正常小鼠和口腔干燥症小鼠口腔白念珠菌感染中的作用。方法:采用局部接种的方法于涎腺正常小鼠和口腔干燥症小鼠建立口腔黏膜白念珠菌感染模型,在不同时间点,给予小鼠口腔无菌蒸馏水和不同性质的唾液刺激,3天后用平皿系列稀释法检测小鼠口腔组织菌落形成单位(CFU)数目并对舌表面白斑面积进行评分。结果:①在涎腺正常小鼠中,处理组口腔CFU与白斑面积评分明显低于对照组1、2、3(P<0.05)。②口腔干燥症小鼠,处理组口腔CFU与白斑面积评分明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:人类唾液在白念珠菌黏附于鼠口腔黏膜及口腔白念珠菌病的发生中具有防御作用。     

Regulatory Effects of Gamma-Interferon on IL-6 and IL-8 Secretion by Cultured Human Keratinocytes and Dermal Fibroblasts

Gamma-interferon (IFN-γ) is produced by T cells and plays an important role in immunological and inflammatory processes. To determine the effects of IFN-γ on interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 secretion, normal human keratinocytes (NHKs), human squamous cell carcinoma cell line (HSC-1) cells, and human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were incubated with 100 U/ml of recombinant (r) IFN-γ in the presence of various stimulants. HSC-1 cells and HDFs spontaneously secreted both IL-6 and IL-8 into the culture medium. NHKs secreted detectable levels of IL-8, but not of IL-6, and IL-8 secretion increased over 20 fold by stimulation with 10 nM of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). rIFN-γ inhibited IL-8 secretion in both HSC-1 cells and PMA-stimulated NHKs. On the other hand, it enhanced IL-1α- and TNFα-induced IL-8 secretion in NHKs. In HDFs, rIFN-γ inhibited IL-8 secretion, but enhanced secretion of IL-6, regardless of whether they were stimulated with IL-1α or PMA. These results suggest that IFN-γ has different regulatory effects on IL-6 and IL-8 secretion in NHKs and HDFs, depending on the stimulus.     

Activation of primary sensory neurons by the topical application of capsaicin on the epidermis of a re‐innervated organotypic human skin model

Using an ex vivo skin‐nerve preparation, skin and nerve cells were reconstituted into a single unit and maintained in a nutrient medium bath until required experimentally. Our objective was to use the epidermis as a relay for the induction of an electric current to the neurons following the topical application of capsaicin on the skin epidermis of the skin explant, an agonist of the TRPV1 channel implicated in pruritus and pain. After 10–20 days of coculture to form the re‐innervated skin model, we applied a solution of capsaicin directly on the epidermis of the skin explant (4 μm ). The resulting current was recorded using a path‐clamp technique on the neuronal fibres. Following the topical application of capsaicin, spontaneous activity was triggered, as characterised by repetitive spikes with periods of 125, 225 or 275 ms. This study demonstrates that the skin explant and nerve cells preparation may receive stimuli and be used to screen molecules or to study signal transmission.     

中药滋补肝肾方对人黑素细胞株黑素合成的影响

目的通过中药滋补肝肾方对人黑素细胞株细胞增殖、酪氨酸酶活性和黑素含量影响的研究,探讨本方治疗白癜风的作用机制.方法采用4-甲基偶氮唑蓝比色法(MTT法)测定本方对细胞增殖的影响,用酶学方法测定对酪氨酸酶活性的影响,比色法测定中药对黑素含量的影响.结果滋补肝肾方对体外培养的人黑素细胞具有促进细胞增殖、提高黑素含量和酪氨酸酶活性作用.结论本方能促进黑素细胞黑素合成,这可能是其治疗白癜风的作用机理之一.     

Characterization of an in vitro model of human melanoma invasion based on reconstructed human skin

The purpose of this study was to compare the invasive properties of normal human cutaneous melanocytes and of a cutaneous melanoma cell line (HBL) in a three-dimensional model of reconstructed human skin. Specifically, we asked to what extent the pigmentary and invasive behaviour of both cells is influenced by their interaction with adjacent skin cells (keratinocytes and fibroblasts) and the basement membrane (BM). In the presence of a BM, normal human melanocytes within this model remained within the basal layer of keratinocytes and did not pigment spontaneously. When the BM was removed, melanocytes were found suprabasally and pigmented extensively. No significant invasion of melanocytes into the dermis was detected in the presence or absence of the BM. HBL melanoma cells showed no significant ability to invade into the dermis in the absence of other cells, irrespective of the presence or absence of the BM. However, when added to keratinocytes and fibroblasts, HBL cells showed a capacity to invade into the dermis, both in the presence and absence of the BM. Associated with HBL invasion into the dermis, we noted significant keratinocyte entry into the dermis. On their own, keratinocytes entered the dermis in the absence of the BM but showed no significant penetration into the dermis when the BM was present. In summary, this model demonstrates clear differences between melanocytes and a melanoma cell line with respect to their invasive properties. It also allows demonstration of interactions between cells, and between cells and the BM. The study also provides evidence for a synergistic interaction between this melanoma cell line and keratinocytes in penetrating the BM.     

The detection of human herpesvirus-8 DNA in plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in adult patients with pityriasis rosea by polymerase chain reaction

BACKGROUND: Herpesvirus-like particles have been reported to be detectable by electron microscopy in lesional biopsy of patients with pityriasis rosea (PR). We report a study investigating the association of PR with human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) infection. METHODS: Our setting is a teaching clinic affiliated to a university. We recruited eight patients aged 28-47 years (mean: 34.5 years) diagnosed with PR during a one-year period. We collected acute blood specimens at presentation and convalescent blood specimens three to four weeks later. We also collected skin scrapings from the herald patch where present and from truncal secondary lesions. RESULTS: We detected HHV-8 DNA by a nested PCR (polymerase chain reaction) targeting, respectively, a 233-bp and a 160-bp fragment of ORF 26. PCR for HHV-8 DNA was negative in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells and plasma of acute and convalescent specimens of all patients, and negative in all skin scrapings. We detected anti-HHV-8 IgG and IgM antibodies by the indirect immunofluorescence. Four patients had IgG antibodies against HHV-8, but with no significant rise of titre. None were positive for anti-HHV-8 IgM antibody. CONCLUSION: We conclude that PR is not associated with HHV-8 infection.     

槌果藤乙醇提取物对体外培养的人皮肤成纤维细胞生长的影响

目的研究槌果藤乙醇提取物对体外培养的人皮肤成纤维细胞生长的影响。方法用四甲基偶氮唑盐比色试验和生长曲线测定法,比较槌果藤乙醇提取物不同作用浓度下对正常人皮肤成纤维细胞体外生长活力和生长状态的影响。结果槌果藤提取物可明显抑制皮肤成纤维细胞的体外增殖,槌果藤乙醇提取物浓度为40μg/mL时,对人成纤维细胞增殖率的抑制作用与药物剂量呈明显的正相关,对正常人皮肤成纤维细胞的生长抑制率与药物的作用时间相依赖。结论中药槌果藤乙醇提取物可抑制体外正常人皮肤成纤维细胞的增殖。     

齐墩果酸对体外培养人毛囊干细胞增殖的影响

目的:探究齐墩果酸对人毛囊干细胞增殖活性的影响。方法:取术中毁弃的人全层头皮标本,使用两步酶消化法分离提取毛囊干细胞进行体外培养,运用免疫荧光K15染色鉴定;将细胞以5×10~4个/mL的密度接种于96孔板,培养液中分别加入1×10~(-4)、1×10~(-3)、1×10~(-2)、0.1、1μg/mL梯度浓度齐墩果酸,于处理的24 h及48 h使用MTT法检测毛囊干细胞活性。结果:获得的毛囊干细胞呈典型的铺路石状生长,免疫荧光K15阳性,阳性率为(86.7±5.2)%(n=4)。与空白组相比,1×10~(-4)μg/mL及1×10~(-3)μg/mL齐墩果酸处理组在24 h及48 h的OD_(490)均有明显升高(P<0.05)。结论:齐墩果酸能够促进体外培养的人毛囊干细胞增殖。