食管癌患者心理弹性状况及影响因素调查分析

目的调查分析食管癌患者心理弹性状况及影响因素。方法选取2015年11月-2016年12月本院收治的92例食管癌作为研究对象,采用本院自制的一般资料情况调查表、心理弹性量表(CD-RISC)、社会支持量表(SSRS)及艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)进行问卷调查。回顾性分析所选患者的临床资料,并采用多元线性回归分析食管癌患者心理弹性状况的影响因素。结果本次研究共发放92份问卷,回收90份有效问卷,回收率为97.83%。食管癌心理弹性总分(48.67±10.89)分。单因素分析结果示:性别、年龄、文化程度、月收入与食管癌患者的心理弹性评分有关。相关分析显示食管癌患者的心理弹性总分与社会支持各维度及人格特征各维度呈正相关(P0.05)。多元线性回归分析结果显示:年龄、性别、文化程度、社会支持、人格特征对患者的心理弹性具有明显的预测作用,可解释总变异的57.16%。结论年龄、文化水平、性别、社会支持、人格支持是食管癌患者心理弹性状况的影响因素,针对不同患者采用相对应的措施,制定个体化的干预计划,可以提高患者治疗预后生活质量。     

大学生人格偏离的评定与父母养育方式关系

目的　了解包头市三所大学一年级学生人格偏离的分布状况及其影响因素。方法　使用“人格诊断问卷”、“父母养育方式问卷”和“一般资料问卷”调查包头市三所大学一年级学生 1780名。结果　“人格诊断问卷”量表总分为 2 9.81± 10 .0 2 ,人格偏离阳性率为 17.1%。相关分析显示人格偏离得分与父母拒绝、过度保护、偏爱因子呈正相关 ,而与父母情感温暖因子呈负相关。结论　大学生人格偏离的影响因素是多方面的 ,应引起家长、学校和社会的普遍关注。对有人格偏离的学生给予指导和校正     

中学生心理健康状况及保健对策

近年来，学生心理健康问题，在国内普遍受到重视。笔者曾对日本《大学生人格问卷》作一修订，在国内对高中生心理健康状况进行调查[1]。在此基础上，我们进一步修订了该问卷，于1993年11～12月对初、高中和中专学生心理健康状况和有关影响因素进行了调查研究。1对象与方法1．1对象在德阳市市区、乡镇中学和中专各抽取一所学校，以初中、高中和中专（初中考入）1～3年级各2个班1562名学生为对象。1．2以修订日本《大学生人格问卷》进行心理测试。2结果与分析2．1信度和效度2．1．1信度量表分析：被试＊SMXHI信度量表分又一1．16，8＝1．21…     

老年糖尿病患者心理状况及影响因素分析

目的了解老年糖尿病患者心理状况与相关影响因素。方法采用精神自评量表（SCL）-90、社会支持评定量表和艾森克人格问卷，对100例糖尿病患者和186名健康者进行调查。结果与健康对照组比较，老年糖尿病患者心理卫生状况较差，与多个因素有不同程度的相关性（P〈0．05，P〈0．01或P〈0．001）。结论加强老年糖尿病患者心理卫生服务，对防治老年糖尿病具有重要意义。     

SARS患者心理健康状况调查

目的调查入院、出院以及目前3个时间段SARS患者的主要心理症状及影响因素。方法采用自拟一般状况调查表、SCL-90症状自评量表、自尊量表、简易应对方式问卷、领悟社会支持量表、艾森克个性问卷,对116名SARS患者心理健康状况进行回顾性追踪调查。结果患者在入、出院及目前的主要心身症状分别是抑郁、焦虑和躯体化,人际敏感、强迫、焦虑、强迫、人际敏感和躯体化;焦虑症状在入院与目前、出院与目前相比均有显著差异;影响因素分别涉及年龄、自觉病情严重程度、自尊、人格及应对。结论SARS患者在各期均存在明显的情绪障碍,临床应针对其主要心理症状及其影响因素进行及时干预。     

医学生心身状况与人格因素关系研究

目的：探讨医学生心身状况与人格因素的关系，为作好医学生的心理咨询和心理健康教育工作提供理论指导。方法：选用康奈尔医学问卷（ＣＭＩ）和艾森克人格问卷（ＥＰＱ）对２６８名在校医学生进行调查并进行相关分析。结果：２７．６％的学生存在心理躯体症状，心理躯体症状主要与人格倾向性、情绪稳定性有显著的相关关系，人格倾向为内向者、情绪稳定性差者心理躯体症状发生比例高。结论：医学生心理躯体症状与人格因素有显著统计学     

家庭环境与高考学生抑郁焦虑症状的相关性研究

目的了解高考学生家庭客观和主观(心理)环境对抑郁、焦虑症状形成的影响程度,为改善家庭心理环境、培养学生健康心理提供科学依据。方法使用自编一般情况调查问卷、抑郁量表(CES-D)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)和家庭环境量表中文版(FES-CV),对1 663名高考学生进行评估。结果高考学生抑郁症状检出率为29.65%,焦虑症状检出率为13.05%,且抑郁、焦虑症状学生与家庭心理环境密切相关,亲密性、娱乐性、组织性是抑郁、焦虑症状发生的保护因素,矛盾性是抑郁、焦虑症状形成的危险因素。结论改善家庭心理环境是塑造学生健康心理,降低抑郁和焦虑症状的有效途径。     

感染HIV孕妇的心理应激状况及其影响因素研究

[目的]了解感染HIV孕妇的心理应激现状,探讨其心理应激的影响因素。[方法]以简单随机抽样方法抽取云南省德宏州HIV感染较为集中的农村地区感染HIV孕妇作为样本,采用自编的感染HIV孕妇产妇人口学及社会心理情况调查问卷、Buffalo艾滋病相关生活事件调查表(BHLES)、事件影响量表(IES)、中文知觉心理压力量表(CPSS)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、大五人格简易问卷、医学应对问卷(MCMQ),对目标人群进行调查。[结果]88.6%具有创伤后应激障碍,43.2%压力水平达到了危险程度。总体上,人口学、感染特征及怀孕特征与心理应激相关性不显著。多元逐步回归分析结果表明,社会关系事件、屈服应对方式、以及神经质、尽责性、开放性人格特征对知觉心理压力具有显著预测作用;而宗教事件、屈服应对方式、神经质人格特征对心理应激障碍具有显著预测作用;该人群社会支持水平较低,心理应激状态变量与社会支持并无关联。[结论]感染HIV孕妇的心理应激状况较为严重,是多因素综合作用的结果。     

不育妇女心理状况的相关性研究

采用症状自评量表、Ｅｙｓｅｎｃｋ个性问卷、社会支持评定量表和一般情况问卷对８６例不育妇女进行调查，对其心理状况作相关性分析。结果显示：不育妇女的心理状况与其年龄、职业、文化程度、婚龄、不育年限、性生活满意程度及对待不育的态度等因素密切相关；心理状况的部分因子与就诊次数及就诊费用有关。不育妇女的个性及所得到的社会支持亦与心理状况有关。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间居家隔离人员心理状况及其影响因素研究

目的调查新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情期间居家隔离人员的心理状况及其影响因素,为调节居家隔离人员的身心健康提供依据。方法 2020年2月28日至3月5日通过问卷星对378名居家隔离人员心理状况进行评估,所有研究对象填写一般资料、家庭关怀度指数问卷(APGAR)、抑郁-焦虑-压力量表(DASS-21)、艾森克人格问卷简式量表(EPQ-RSC),运用SPSS22.0软件进行差异比较。结果居家隔离人员抑郁、压力水平显著高于中国常模(P0.05)。居家隔离人员APGAR总分与DASS-21总分及各维度分负相关显著(P0.05)。居家隔离人员DASS-21总分与艾森克人格问卷E、L维度负相关显著(P0.05),与P、N维度正相关显著(P0.05)。结论新型冠状病毒感染防控期间居家隔离人员抑郁、压力水平升高,人格的内外倾、情绪性以及家庭功能状况是影响心理适应性的重要因素。     

大学毕业生人格影响因素研究

[目的]探讨影响大学生人格特质发展和完善的相关因素,为促进大学生健全人格培养提供实证依据。[方法]采用整群分层抽样方法,抽取不同类型大学应届毕业生458名作为被试,采用卡特尔16PF量表和自编大学毕业班学生个人情况调查表为测试工具,进行问卷调查,采用SPSS10.0统计软件进行单因素分析和多元线性逐步回归分析。[结果]影响大学毕业生人格特质的因素有:与家庭关系的密切程度、睡眠状况、性别、经济状况、是否考研、是否交异性朋友、上学前住址、是否独生子女、是否喜欢所学专业、学习成绩和院校。[结论]在11个影响人格特质的因素中,与家庭关系密切程度是最重要的影响因素,其次是睡眠状况,影响最小的是学习成绩和院校。     

高考压力对中学生睡眠及认知功能的影响

目的探讨高考压力对中学生睡眠及认知功能的影响。方法采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)对考前复习期间141名高三学生的睡眠情况进行调查,结合认知能力筛查量表及数字划销测验,综合评定考前压力对中学生睡眠及认知功能的影响。结果试验组中学生PSQI总分及睡眠质量、睡眠时间、睡眠障碍、日间障碍4个因子分均高于对照组中学生,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);认知能力筛查量表(CASI)总分及注意力、心算、新近记忆、远时记忆、类聚流畅性、概念判断6个因子分均低于对照组中学生,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);数字划销测验(NCT)净分及失误率高于对照组中学生,划对数目得分低于对照组中学生,划错数目、划漏数目得分高于对照组中学生,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论高考压力不仅影响中学生的睡眠状况,而且在一定程度上影响认知功能。     

无锡市2004~2008年高考学生和ALT检测结果分析HBsAg[流行病学与预防保健]

摘 目的了解近年来无锡市高考学生的乙肝表面抗原（HBsAg）阳性和丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）异常状况,为做好高考前学生的健康干预,防治乙型肝炎（简称乙肝）工作提供依据。方法取静脉血3ml分别用赖氏法和酶联免疫法检测Au、HBsAg。结果2004--2008年高考学生HBsAg阳性率为2．63％,并呈逐年下降态势,ALT异常率有上升趋向,且有性别差异,男生高于女生。结论在青少年中乙肝防治工作中,应继续深入并推广乙肝疫苗的强化接种,对高考学生应采取综合干预措施,并对检出指标异常的学生加强心理疏导。     

Does change of residence affect pollinosis? A study of Japanese university students

The effects of change of residence on pollinosis symptoms remain unclear. We investigated the effects of geographical change of residence on pollinosis symptoms among university freshmen. All freshmen (n = 2142) entering Shinshu University in 2011 completed self-administered questionnaires. Associations between history of pollinosis and environmental factors were assessed. Subjects were classified into three groups according to pollen count at previous residences (stationary, low pollen, and high pollen). Pollinosis both before and after relocation were compared among and within the groups. Of the 1558 subjects, 540 (34.7%) developed pollinosis before and 483 (31.0%) after entering university. The rates of pre- and post-university entrance pollinosis were 40.0 and 32.5% in the high pollen group (P < 0.001) but were similar in the other two groups. Pollinosis symptoms decreased among students that moved from high to low pollen areas, indicating that pollinosis was affected by geographic environmental factors.     

Occupational health needs of universities: a review with an emphasis on the United Kingdom

This study describes the needs of universities in relation to planning the provision of occupational health services, by detailing their occupational hazards and risks and other relevant factors. The paper presents the results of (1) an enquiry into publicly available data relevant to occupational health in the university sector in the United Kingdom, (2) a literature review on occupational health provision in universities, and (3) selected results from a survey of university occupational health services in the UK. Although the enquiry and survey, but not the literature review, were restricted to the UK, the authors consider that the results are relevant to other countries because of the broad similarities of the university sector between countries. These three approaches showed that the university sector is large, with a notably wide range of occupational hazards, and other significant factors which must be considered in planning occupational health provision for individual universities or for the sector as a whole.     

高考前后学生饮食行为变化及膳食补充剂使用情况的调查

目的了解大学新生高考前后饮食行为变化及膳食补充剂使用情况。方法采用自制半结构式问卷,对某医科大学177名新生高考前后一个月的饮食进行一对一的问卷调查。结果高考前后多数学生都能保证三餐正餐(81.9%)和吃饭规律性(77.9%),但仍有16.7%的学生高考后正餐次数不足三次,17.5%的学生高考后饮食变得不规律,高考后每天吃早餐的比例仅为65.0%。与高考前相比,高考后蛋类和奶类的摄入频率明显下降。高考前22.0%学生服用过膳食补充剂,其中94.9%的人高考后停用了膳食补充剂。结论与高考前相比高考后学生的不良饮食行为发生率显著增加,高考前部分学生服用了膳食补充剂,但高考后基本停用。     

广州高校女教师亚健康与家庭、工作压力影响研究

目的研究广州高校女教师的亚健康发生率与家庭、工作压力相关因素的关系。方法从广州10所高校中随机抽取500名女教师,对其亚健康和家庭、工作压力相关因素进行调查。结果高校女教师亚健康的发生率与年龄、学历、职称、家庭因素、人际交往情况、科研困扰、教学时长及学生评价有关(P<0.05),与个人月薪及备课时长无关。结论广州高校女教师亚健康发生率与家庭及工作压力关系密切。     

Predictors and Consequences of Gender Typicality: The Mediating Role of Communality

Considerable work has shown the benefits for psychological health of being gender typed (i.e., perceiving oneself in ways that are consistent with one’s sex). Nevertheless, little is known about the reasons for the link. In two studies of young adults (total N = 673), we studied (1) the ways in which gender typing is predicted from gender-related interests and personal qualities, and (2) links between gender typing and adjustment (self-esteem and negative emotionality). In the first study, gender typicality was positively predicted by a variety of gender-related characteristics and by communal traits, a female-typed characteristic; gender typicality was also positively associated with adjustment. To clarify the role of communality in predicting gender typicality and its link with adjustment, we conducted a follow-up study examining both gender typicality and “university typicality.” Gender typicality was again predicted by gender-related characteristics and communality, and associated with adjustment. Further, university typicality was also predicted by communality and associated with adjustment. Mediation analyses showed that feelings of communality were partly responsible for the links between gender/university typicality and adjustment. Thus, the psychological benefits suggested to accrue from gender typicality may not be specific to gender, but rather may reflect the benefits of normativity in general. These findings were discussed in relation to the broader literature on the relation between identity and adjustment.     

Defining Factors of Successful University‐Community Collaborations: An Exploration of One Healthy Marriage Project

This study explored university‐community collaborations by examining the workings of 1 healthy marriage initiative. An ethnographic case study research strategy was used to study the process of this initiative, specifically looking at how participants worked through and overcame traditional university‐community collaboration challenges. Data consist of qualitative interviews with key initiative collaborators. Findings are organized into a model that offers a new way of looking at university‐community collaborations in light of challenge points to be addressed and either resolved or unresolved. The model provides implications for other collaborative efforts and outreach scholarship.     

Minority Status Stress: Effect on the Psychological and Academic Functioning of African-American Students

Research suggests that the academic performance and psychological adaptation of African-American students on a predominantly White university setting is impacted by specific, unique cultural factors (i.e., sociocultural orientation and minority status stress). This investigation involved a test of a model examining the extent to which sociocultural orientation styles and perceived social support impact the effect of Minority Status Stress (perceived stressors attributed to being an ethnic minority) on the academic and psychological functioning of African-American students at a predominantly White university. Eighty African-American undergraduate and graduate students were administered self-report questionnaires to assess their standing on the relevant variables. Path analytic techniques supported a linear relationship in which sociocultural orientation of students impacted the level of minority status stress experienced, which in turn impacted students perceived social support. All of these factors had a significant impact on the students' psychological adaptation to the predominantly White university environment.