藏药大籽獐牙菜不同提取部位的抗菌活性

目的:研究并比较大籽獐牙菜不同提取部位的抗菌作用。方法:以不同极性溶剂萃取大籽獐牙菜乙醇提取物,得石油醚提取物、乙酸乙酯提取物、正丁醇提取物及萃取后物质等不同极性部位。以金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、沙门菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、白色念珠菌为试验对象,采用平皿打孔灌药法比较大籽獐牙菜不同提取部位的抗菌作用。结果:大籽獐牙菜的石油醚部位、乙酸乙酯部位和正丁醇部位均具有一定的抗菌作用,而萃取后部位没有抗菌作用,其抗G+菌活性比较:乙酸乙酯部位>石油醚部位>正丁醇部位;抗G-菌作用:正丁醇部位>乙酸乙酯部位>石油醚部位;抗真菌活性比较:乙酸乙酯部位>石油醚部位>正丁醇部位。结论:大籽獐牙菜能有效抑制金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、沙门氏菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、白色念珠菌,具有广谱抗菌作用。大籽獐牙菜的抗菌作用不限于一个部位,而是通过多种有效成分、多个环节、多种途径发挥协调作用产生抗菌功效。     

大籽獐牙菜的抗内毒素作用

目的:研究大籽獐牙菜对内毒素的拮抗作用。方法:通过观察大籽獐牙菜提取物对内毒素攻击小鼠的死亡率的影响及体外抗内毒素作用。结果:大籽獐牙菜提取物能提高内毒素攻击小鼠的生存率,延长平均存活时间。大籽獐牙菜溶液的浓度对抗内毒素作用强度的影响较大,当大籽獐牙菜浓度大于0.062 5g.mL-1(稀释度在1∶16)时对内毒素有明显的破坏作用,但当浓度稀释至0.031 2 g.mL-1(稀释度在1∶32)时,抗内毒素的作用明显减弱或消失。结论:大籽獐牙菜具有很好的抗内毒素作用。     

大籽獐牙菜酮的研究

摘要：目的：研究藏药大籽獐牙菜SwertiamacrospermaC．B．Clark全草的化学成分。方法：运用硅胶柱层析和高效液相色谱方法进行化学成分的分离纯化,通过理化常数和波谱分析鉴定化合物结构。结果：从大籽獐牙菜的80％乙醇提取物中分离得到6个酮化合物,分别鉴定为1,7,8-trihydroxy-3 -methoxyxanthone （ Ⅰ ）. 1-hydroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxyxanthone （ Ⅱ ）. 1,8-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone （ Ⅲ ）. 1,7 -dihydroxy-3,8 -dimethoxyxanthone （ Ⅳ ） 1,5,8 -trihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone （ V ）. mangiferin （ Ⅵ ） .结论：上述化合物Ⅰ 、Ⅳ为首次从大籽獐牙菜中分离得到。     

野山杏果肉总有机酸体外抑制脂质过氧化活性研究

目的探讨野山杏果肉总有机酸(TOAWA)体外抑制脂质过氧化活性的作用。方法以维生素C为阳性对照,采用硫代巴比妥酸法,观察不同质量浓度的TOAWA对卵黄脂蛋白过不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)过氧化体系中脂质过氧化活性以及小鼠肝脏自发性脂质过氧化及CCl4、Fe2+-维生素C和H2O2诱导的脂质过氧化活性的抑制作用。结果 TOAWA能够明显抑制PUFA过氧化体系中的脂质过氧化活性,可减轻小鼠肝脏自发性脂质过氧化及CCl4、Fe2+-维生素C和H2O2诱导的肝脏脂质过氧化程度,除了对PUFA过氧化体系中的脂质过氧化抑制作用与剂量无关外,其他抑制脂质过氧化活性均呈明显的剂量依赖性。结论野山杏总有机酸具有较强的抑制体外脂质过氧化活性的作用。     

大籽獐牙菜醇提物解酒保肝作用的实验研究

目的：对大籽獐牙菜乙醇提取物在解酒保肝方面的作用进行初步研究探讨。方法采用纠正运动失调作用实验、解酒实验和预防醉酒实验,同时测定急性酒精性肝损伤小鼠的血清丙氨酸转换酶（ALT）和肝糖原的含量。结果大籽獐牙菜醇提取物可显著延长小鼠酒后在网停留时间;使给药组的翻正反射恢复时间较对照组显著缩短;给药后醉酒小鼠数较未给药组显著减少;可对抗乙醇对小鼠肝脏造成的损伤,使谷丙转氨酶活力显著下降,促进肝糖原的分解,对抗乙醇造成的低血糖。结论大籽獐牙菜提取物具有纠正运动失调、解酒以及预防酒醉作用,其对乙醇所致的肝损伤有防治作用。     

乌蕨总黄酮体外抗氧化活性的研究

（1. ［摘要］目的研究乌蕨总黄酮体外抗氧化活性。方法采用分光光度法,测定乌蕨总黄酮对羟自由基、脂质过氧化的清除能力、总还原力和总抗氧化作用,并通过多元线性回归分析,考察了乌蕨总黄酮含量及其体外抗氧化活性的相关性。结果乌蕨总黄酮具有较强的抗氧化性能、自由基清除能力和一定的还原力,可有效抑制脂质过氧化,且抗氧化作用与乌蕨总黄酮含量呈正相关。结论乌蕨总黄酮具有显著的抗氧化活性,黄酮类化合物可能是其抗氧化作用的主要物质基础。     

獐牙菜苦苷的药理作用研究进展

獐牙菜苦苷是一个具有良好生物活性的天然环烯醚萜类化合物。现代药理研究表明,獐牙菜苦苷具有保肝、调血脂、抗糖尿病、镇痛镇静和抗炎等多种作用。综述獐牙菜苦苷药理作用的研究进展。     

百草枯中毒大鼠血浆总抗氧化能力的变化及山莨菪碱干预作用的研究

百草枯(PQ)对人、畜均有毒性,其毒性是通过产生自由基.间接使体内巯基化合物、SOD含量减少,从而影响机体的抗氧化作用,诱导脂质过氧化反应.近年的研究表明,山莨菪碱对多种脏器的损伤均有保护作用,可使损伤器官的SOD活力回升,清除自由基,对抗自由基引起的脂质过氧化作用,同时还有稳定细胞膜,保护血管内皮,抑制多种炎性因子在体内的表达,起到抗炎、抗氧化作用.本文通过对PQ中毒大鼠血浆总抗氧化能力(TOC)变化及山莨菪碱对其干预作用的研究,探讨PQ中毒的治疗方法.     

紫红獐牙菜对STZ糖尿病小鼠的降糖作用

目的:对紫红獐牙菜4个提取部位的降血糖作用进行筛选,并探查其降血糖活性的作用机制是否影响胰岛素的分泌、体重。方法:采用渗漉法提取紫红獐牙菜的乙醇提取物,并将提取物依次萃取分离出乙醚部位、乙酸乙酯部位、正丁醇部位及水溶性4个部位。通过将此4个部位对由STZ诱导的2型糖尿病小鼠进行抗高血糖作用的药理活性研究,根据实验结果对此4个部位进行有效部位筛选,设定高低剂量组从而考察其量效关系。同时观察其对STZ诱导的2型糖尿病小鼠给药物7 d后对小鼠胰岛素抵抗的影响。结果:乙酸乙酯部位及水溶性部位对STZ引起的高血糖小鼠的血糖有较强的抑制作用,而正丁醇及乙醚部位则相对较差。并且各部位对小鼠胰岛素抵抗有十分显著改善。结论:乙酸乙酯及水溶性部位降血糖作用较明显。     

生姜有效部位对高脂血症大鼠的抗氧化作用研究

目的研究生姜有效部位对脂质过氧化损伤的影响,分析其抗动脉粥样硬化作用。方法用含胆固醇及猪油的高脂膳食喂养大鼠,造成脂质代谢紊乱,每日灌服不同剂量的生姜有效部位(200,400,800 mg/kg),8周后测定血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯、抗活性氧活力和丙二醛含量。结果生姜有效部位能够显著提高高脂血症大鼠血清抗活性氧活力,降低丙二醛含量。结论生姜有效部位具有较强的抗氧化能力,可减轻氧自由基和脂质过氧化物对血管内皮的损伤。     

Stabilization and induction of a lipid peroxidation inhibitor present in the soluble fraction of rat liver homogenates

An inhibitor of lipid peroxidation present in the soluble fraction of rat liver homogenates has been stabilized by dithiothreitol. In the presence of an appropriate concentration of dithiothreitol, soluble fractions from 3-methylcholanthrene-pretreated rats and from older rats exhibited stronger inhibition of lipid peroxidation than those from control rats.     

川西獐牙菜对低张性低氧肝损伤的保护作用

高原药用植物——川西獐牙菜(Swertia mussotii Franch)注射剂及其有效成份芒果甙和总(口山)酮对模拟高原急性低氧肝损伤具有保护作用。大鼠于低压舱内模拟海拔8,000m 2小时造成急性低氧肝损伤。预先给大鼠腹腔注射川西獐牙菜注射剂6.5ml/kg,可以明显降低大鼠SGOT和肝溶酶体酸性磷酸酶的活力,同时降低肝总脂的含量。大鼠肝溶酶体体外温孵实验显示,川西獐牙菜注射剂,芒果甙和总(口山)酮有稳定溶酶体膜的作用,并直接对溶酶体酸性磷酸酶活力有抑制作用。     

坛紫菜硫酸多糖对60Co辐射引起的小鼠体内氧化应激的作用研究

应用生物化学的方法探讨在^60Co辐射条件下，坛紫菜硫酸多糖对小鼠体内氧化应激的抑制作用。结果表明，^60Co辐射能显著降低昆明种小鼠体内不同脏器组织匀浆SOD、GSH—Px的活性，引起脂质过氧化。坛紫菜硫酸多糖可提高辐射损伤后小鼠组织匀浆SOD、GSH—Px的活性，增强总抗氧化能力，减少脂质过氧化。     

Suppressive effect of tritoqualine on lipid peroxidation and enzyme leakage induced by carbon tetrachloride in rat hepatocytes

Since tritoqualine (TRQ) is effective in suppressing the increase of serum transaminases in acute hepatic injured rats induced by some hepatotoxins, protection of the hepatocyte membrane is suggested to be one of the pharmacological effects of TRQ. In the present study, we investigated the effects of TRQ on lipid peroxidation and enzyme leakage caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) exposure in isolated hepatocytes and the liver in vivo, compared with vitamin E. The results were as follows: Hepatocytes isolated from TRQ-administered rats showed less enzyme leakage than those from control rats after CCl4 addition. TRQ displayed strong inhibition of lipid peroxidation in isolated hepatocytes. In comparison with vitamin E, TRQ showed almost the same inhibitory action on lipid peroxidation, but a stronger suppression of enzyme leakage. Vitamin E showed a weaker protection from increase of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase than TRQ, in spite of its stronger inhibition of lipid peroxidation in vivo. From these results, it is suggested that the membrane protecting action of TRQ is partially derived from its suppression of lipid peroxidation, but "another action" may also play an important role in protecting the fragile membrane.     

Neuroprotective effects of xanthone extract from Swertia punicea Hemsl against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mouse model of Parkinson’s disease

As a widely used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Swertia punicea Hemsl has exhibited effects on anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV), liver protection, hypoglycemic activity and cholecystitis. In this study, we confirmed that xanthone extract from Swertia punicea Hemsl (XSPH) improved the motor deficit, increased the levels of striatal dopamine (DA) and homovanilic acid (HVA), and alleviated the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons located in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) in MPTP-induced mouse model of Parkinson’s disease (PD). In conclusion, the present results indicated that XSPH offered neuroprotective effects against the neurotoxicity of MPTP and it might be a potential treatment for PD.     

以体内吸收分布特点指导花锚成分的研究以体内吸收分布特点指导花锚成分的研究

目的以体内吸收和分布特点为指导,对传统抗肝炎藏药花锚的成分进行研究;探索用此方法进行中草药药效成分研究的可行性。方法利用高效液相色谱二极管阵列检测方法,确定能被吸收和分布在大鼠血液、器官和组织中的花锚成分,并利用各种色谱分离技术和波谱鉴定其结构。结果从花锚乙醇提取物中分离鉴定了能被吸收并分布在大鼠血液、器官和组织中的6个酮苷元类成分。结论花锚中的酮苷元类成分是能够在大鼠体内检测到的主要被吸收和分布的成分,在消化、吸收和代谢过程中它们很快被转化为酮苷元。因此,花锚中酮苷类成分的活性主要是通过转化为酮苷元来实现。利用现代灵敏分析检测手段,以天然药物成分的吸收分布特点为指导,进行天然药物成分的研究是一种可行并且值得进行深入探索的方法。     

Chemical constituents of gentianaceae XXIII: tetraoxygenated and pentaoxygenated xanthones and xanthone O-glucosides of Swertia angustifolia Buch.-Ham

The whole plant extract of Swertia angustifolia Buch.-Ham., collected at different stages of growth, contained 14 tetraoxygenated and five pentaoxygenated xanthones and xanthone 1-O-glucosides. Of the eight xanthone 1-O-glucosides isolated, five were previously unreported in nature. The xanthones are broadly based on 1,3,5,8- and 1,3,7,8-oxygenated systems, with an added oxygen function at C-4 in some compounds, and represent a number of methoxylated patterns. The content and relative abundance of the free xanthones and their 1-O-glucosides changed with plant growth. These results are the first demonstration of the variation in chemical characters in the different parts of a Swertia species during its ontogeny. The biolgocial significance of these results is appraised.     

Iron complexing activity of mangiferin, a naturally occurring glucosylxanthone, inhibits mitochondrial lipid peroxidation induced by Fe2+-citrate

Mangiferin, a naturally occurring glucosylxanthone, has been described as having antidiabetic, antiproliferative, immunomodulatory and antioxidant activities. In this study we report for the first time the iron-complexing ability of mangiferin as a primary mechanism for protection of rat liver mitochondria against Fe(2+)-citrate induced lipid peroxidation. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and antimycin A-insensitive oxygen consumption were used as quantitative measures of lipid peroxidation. Mangiferin at 10 microM induced near-full protection against 50 microM Fe(2+)-citrate-induced mitochondrial swelling and loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (DeltaPsi). The IC(50) value for mangiferin protection against Fe(2+)-citrate-induced mitochondrial thiobarbituric acid reactive substance formation (9.02+/-1.12 microM) was around 10 times lower than that for tert-butylhydroperoxide mitochondrial induction of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance formation. The xanthone derivative also inhibited the iron citrate induction of mitochondrial antimycin A-insensitive oxygen consumption, stimulated oxygen consumption due to Fe(2+) autoxidation and prevented Fe(3+) ascorbate reduction. Absorption spectra of mangiferin-Fe(2+)/Fe(3+) complexes also suggest the formation of a transient charge transfer complex between Fe(2+) and mangiferin, accelerating Fe(2+) oxidation and the formation of a more stable Fe(3+)-mangiferin complex unable to participate in Fenton-type reaction and lipid peroxidation propagation phase. In conclusion, these results show that in vitro antioxidant activity of mangiferin is related to its iron-chelating properties and not merely due to the scavenging activity of free radicals. These results are of pharmacological relevance since mangiferin and its naturally contained extracts could be potential candidates for chelation therapy in diseases related to abnormal intracellular iron distribution or iron overload.     

Hepatoprotective activity of the constituents in Swertia pseudochinensis

A new xanthone derivative was isolated together with other 13 known constituents from a Chinese natural medicine, Swertia pseudochinensis HARA. Their structures were determined based on the spectral and chemical evidences. Furthermore, respective hexane, ethyl acetate, 1-BuOH, MeOH and water extracts of S. pseudochinensis, and purified compounds were respectively evaluated for their hepatoprotective activities against hepatocyte injury induced by CCl4. All the extracts and isolated compounds exhibited significant hepatoprotective activities at a dose showing no hepatoxicity.     

绞股蓝总皂甙对离体大鼠肝脏脂质过氧化及膜流动性损伤的保护作用

在体外实验中绞股篮总皂甙(GP)能抑制大鼠肝微粒体自发的和由Fe_-~(2+)-半胱氨酸、Vit C-NADPH和CCl_4诱发的脂质过氧化,其作用强于人参总皂甙。Fe_-~(2+)-半胱氨酸导致大鼠肝微粒体、线粒体膜流动性降低,同时加入GP可防止膜流动性的下降。