精神分裂症患者攻击行为相关因素分析

目的:探讨精神分裂症患者发生攻击行为的相关因素及预测因子。方法:将132例精神分裂症患者按修改版外显攻击行为量表(MOAS)得分分为伴攻击行为(研究组)64例和不伴攻击行为(对照组)68例,分别进行一般人口学资料、阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)及气质性格问卷(TCI)的测定。结果:一般人口学资料中既往攻击行为史两组间差异有统计学意义(P=0.001)。PANSS分量表中阳性症状分、思维障碍、激活性及偏执条目分值研究组明显高于对照组(t=-6.90,t=-3.41,t=-4.43,t=-4.40;P均≤0.001)。TCI各维度中寻求新奇得分(t=-6.74)研究组高于对照组,合作性、自我定向得分低于对照组(t=3.42,t=5.96;P均≤0.001)。Logistic回归分析显示,寻求新奇、阳性症状和合作性对攻击行为的发生有预测意义(P0.05或P0.01)。结论:精神分裂症患者的阳性症状、思维障碍、激活性及偏执是引起攻击行为的重要因素;寻求新奇和低合作性可较好地预测患者的攻击行为。     

立体定向颅内多靶点毁损术治疗难治性精神分裂症的远期预后分析

目的探讨立体定向手术治疗难治性精神分裂症的远期疗效。方法回顾性分析应用立体定向多靶点毁损手术治疗的826例难治性精神分裂症患者的临床资料,对术后回访超过5年的348例患者设立非手术对照组,采用简明精神病量表（BPRS）、阳性和阴性症状量表（PANSS）、社会功能缺陷量表（SDSS）和日常生活能力量表（ADL）等对远期预后进行评定。结果长期随访,手术组与非手术组（BPRS）中的激活因子分、PANSS中的攻击危险性和偏执／好斗因子分有显著性差异（P〈0．01）,SINS和ADL评分两组间的差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论脑立体定向手术对临床确诊的难治性精神分裂症靶症状疗效是肯定的,对患者的社会和生活能力无明显影响。     

男性住院精神分裂症患者的攻击行为特征研究

背景：精神分裂症等重性精神障碍患者攻击行为发生率高于普通人群,相关因素的探讨对于该人群攻击行为的预防和干预有重要意义。
　　目的：了解某综合医院精神科男性住院精神分裂症患者的攻击行为特征。
　　方法：采用连续取样法,收集了75例自2015年8月至2016年2月在中南大学湘雅二医院精神科男病房住院的精神分裂症患者。使用自编的一般情况调查问卷、修订版外显攻击行为量表（MOAS）、暴力历史、临床、风险评估量表（HCR-20）、精神病态清单（PCL-R）、阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）在入院后3天内对患者进行评估。根据MOAS各项的得分,将研究对象分为攻击组（39例）和非攻击组（36例）,比较两组间在社会人口学特征以及各个评估工具上得分的差异。
　　结果：HCR-20中的H1（既往暴力事件）、H2（年轻时的暴力事件）、H10（既往不服从管教）、C4（冲动性）, PCL-R的反社会因子,PANSS的激活性症状群、偏执症状群、抑郁症状群在攻击组得分高于非攻击组,且差异有统计学显著性。
　　结论：有暴力行为史,既往不服管教,具有反社会人格特征,表现冲动,伴有焦虑抑郁情绪可能是男性住院精神分裂症患者发生攻击行为的相关因素。     

男性住院精神分裂症患者的攻击行为特征研究（英文）

背景:精神分裂症等重性精神障碍患者攻击行为发生率高于普通人群,相关因素的探讨对于该人群攻击行为的预防和干预有重要意义。目的:了解某综合医院精神科男性住院精神分裂症患者的攻击行为特征。方法:采用连续取样法,收集了75例自2015年8月至2016年2月在中南大学湘雅二医院精神科男病房住院的精神分裂症患者。使用自编的一般情况调查问卷、修订版外显攻击行为量表(MOAS)、暴力历史、临床、风险评估量表(HCR-20)、精神病态清单(PCL-R)、阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)在入院后3天内对患者进行评估。根据MOAS各项的得分,将研究对象分为攻击组(39例)和非攻击组(36例),比较两组间在社会人口学特征以及各个评估工具上得分的差异。结果:HCR-20中的H1(既往暴力事件)、H2(年轻时的暴力事件)、H10(既往不服从管教)、C4(冲动性),PCL-R的反社会因子,PANSS的激活性症状群、偏执症状群、抑郁症状群在攻击组得分高于非攻击组,且差异有统计学显著性。结论:有暴力行为史,既往不服管教,具有反社会人格特征,表现冲动,伴有焦虑抑郁情绪可能是男性住院精神分裂症患者发生攻击行为的相关因素。     

精神分裂症患者虚假记忆的研究

目的:探讨精神分裂症患者和正常者的虚假记忆,以及检验虚假记忆和妄想、幻觉症状之间的关联性。方法:测试40例精神分裂症患者(分裂症组)和40名正常者(对照组)的词汇再认和故事回忆虚假记忆任务;对分裂症组进行阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)评分。结果:分裂症组的虚假记忆任务成绩语义侵入数、错误再认数和故事回忆的正确率、错误率与对照组相比差异均有显著性(P均<0.05)。精神分裂症患者的虚假记忆指标与PANSS总分、阴性症状、阳性症状以及妄想症状、幻觉症状无显著相关性。结论:精神分裂症患者可能比正常者易产生虚假记忆,精神症状对精神分裂症患者虚假记忆的产生可能不起作用。     

精神分裂症患者攻击行为与临床症状、记忆及智力的相关性

目的探讨精神分裂症患者攻击行为与临床症状、记忆及智力的相关性,分析临床症状、记忆及智力能否作为精神分裂症患者攻击行为的预测因子。方法以2014年5月-2016年5月在中山市第三人民医院早期干预科住院的符合《国际疾病分类(第10版)》(ICD-10)精神分裂症诊断标准的患者为研究对象,所有患者均处于急性发作期。依据既往暴力史和修订版外显攻击行为量表(MOAS)加权总分为5分区分攻击组和非攻击组,其中攻击组69例,非攻击组39例。采用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)评估临床症状,采用韦氏记忆量表修订版(WMS-R)、韦氏成人智力量表中国修订版(WAIS-RC)评估记忆和智力,并对MOAS与PANSS、WMS-R和WAIS-RC评分进行相关分析。结果攻击组MOAS加权总分、言语攻击、对财产的攻击和体力攻击的评分均高于非攻击组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05或0.01)。攻击组PANSS总评分和阳性症状评分均高于非攻击组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05或0.01)。两组WMS-R和WAIS-RC评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。MOAS加权总分、体力攻击评分与PANSS总评分、阳性症状评分和一般精神病理评分呈正相关(r=0.203~0.535,P0.05或0.01),体力攻击评分与心智评分呈负相关(r=-0.343,P0.05)。结论与非攻击组相比,攻击组的攻击行为体现在言语攻击、对财产的攻击与体力攻击方面。PANSS总评分与阳性症状可能与精神分裂症患者的攻击行为相关。记忆和智力与精神分裂症患者的攻击行为不相关,不能作为攻击行为的预测因子。     

利培酮联合低剂量安非他酮对精神分裂症患者阴性症状的疗效

目的本研究探讨安非他酮对精神分裂症患者阴性症状的干预效果。方法以某精神病医院住院精神分裂症患者80例为研究对象,研究组在原有利培酮剂量不变的基础上,联用安非他酮150mg/d,对照组原有利培酮剂量不变。两组患者分别于治疗前、治疗后8周后分别接受量表评估。采用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)评定治疗前后患者精神病性症状的变化;以副反应反应量表(TESS)及化验和辅助检查进行安全性评估。结果 PANSS总分及阴性症状分量表分差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。组间比较以上评估差异有统计学意义(P0.05),研究组优于对照组。结论利培酮联合低剂量安非他酮可以改善精神分裂症患者的阴性症状。     

精神分裂症患者自评与他评症状量表差异的相关因素分析

目的:探讨精神分裂症患者自评与他评量表差异及与人口学资料、自知力、临床症状的相关因素分析。方法:对236例精神分裂症患者进行症状自评量表(SCL-90)精神病性症状分量表自评及阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)量表他评。比较自评与他评量表高差异与低差异两组间人口学资料、自知力、临床症状,并进行回归分析。结果:SCL-90精神病性症状分量表与PANSS总分有相关性(r=0.343,P0.05);受教育年限、阳性症状分和疾病认识分的差异进入Logistic回归模型。结论:阳性症状、疾病认识、受教育年限是患者自评与他评症状差异的相关因素。自评量表可以多角度地评估精神分裂症患者的症状。     

利培酮合用米氮平治疗精神分裂症阴性症状的研究

目的　探讨米氮平治疗精神分裂症阴性症状的疗效和安全性。方法　将 86例以阴性症状为主的住院精神分裂症患者随机分为研究组对对照组 ,分别给予利培酮合用米氮平及单用利培酮治疗 ,疗程 12周 ,用PANSS、TESS评定疗效和安全性。结果　疗后 4周两组PANSS总分、阳性因子分、阴性因子分及 8、12周末两组PANSS总分和各因子分与疗前比较差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1)。治疗后 8、12周两组间比较PANSS总分及阴性因子分差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1)。结论　米氮平治疗精神分裂症阴性症状疗效较好 ,副作用少。     

氯硝西泮对偏执型精神分裂症的辅助治疗作用

目的 :评价利培酮配合氯硝西泮注射液治疗偏执型精神分裂症的疗效。　方法 :对病程 <3年的 80例首次住院 ,选用利培酮治疗的偏执型精神分裂症患者 ,随机分为合用氯硝西泮 (合用组 )和未合用氯硝西泮 (对照组 )各 4 0例 ,进行 8周治疗。采用阳性症状与阴性症状量表 (PANSS)评定疗效 ,副反应量表 (TESS)评定不良反应。　结果 :合用组治疗 2周后PANSS量表总分、阳性症状分、精神病理因子分及症状群中激活性、偏执、攻击性分值均显著下降 ;治疗 4周末时利培酮剂量合用组显著低于对照组。　结论 :利培酮配合氯硝西泮注射液治疗偏执型精神分裂症可缩短疗程 ,改善其阳性症状及攻击行为     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

Limits of deinstitutionalization--perspectives of relatives of psychiatric patients

After a hopeful beginning, the social process of the reintegration of those with severe mental illness has come to a standstill. I am led to wonder whether "the community" really wants to live together with people suffering from severe mental illness, and if so, how closely? As long as the medical treatment of mental illness provided by the general practitioners is fundamentally deficient, as they are not able to prescribe the necessary interventions--such as out-patient psychiatric nursing, and service providers in the out-patient sector are content with offering increasingly intensive forms of care for the less seriously ill at the cost of the Social Welfare System--the reintegration of those with serious mental illness remains an illusion--which is mainly to the benefit of providers of residential care in homes and hostels.     

Summary of Legislation of 1933 of interest to the Department of Mental Hygiene

Psychiatric Quarterly -