尿干化学法、沉渣镜检检测尿白细胞结果对比分析

目的:分析沉渣镜检与干化学法白细胞检测结果的相关性,探讨两种方法各自优劣及联合应用的临床价值。方法:分别用沉渣镜检与干化学法同时检测尿液,提取尿白细胞相关信息,分析比较。结果:两种方法测定结果有所差异,但并无统计学意义(P0.05),两种方法都存在假阳性和假阴性的情况。结论:联合应用沉渣镜检与干化学法检测尿白细胞可以减少误诊和漏诊,提高检验结果的准确度,为临床提供更为可靠、更为真实的检验报告。     

检测尿红细胞和白细胞的两种方法比较

目的 比较检测尿液中红细胞和白细胞时使用尿液分析仪和沉渣镜榆法测量的准确率.方法 选取本院采集的尿标本共500例,分别使用日本Sysmex UF-100尿沉渣分析仪和常规光学显微镜分别进行尿干化学法和尿沉渣镜枪法对标本进行红细胞与白细胞的分析.结果 根据镜榆结果和仪器分析结果显示,通过尿沉渣分析仪检测出显示红细胞阴性498例,阳性2例,尿沉渣镜枪法检测出红细胞阴性490例,阳性10例,说明其假阴性率为1.6％.尿沉渣分析仪检测出显示白细胞阴性的有495例,阳性5例,尿沉渣镜检法检测出白细胞阴性488例,阳性为12例,假阴性率为1.4％.结论 临床上当使用尿液分析仪检测为全阴性的时候,要注意再使用显微镜沉渣检验法进行复查,避免漏诊和误诊的发生.     

尿干化学分析与尿沉渣镜检的对比分析

目的探讨干化学法检查与尿沉渣镜检比较分析。方法收集450例患者的新鲜尿液标本,采用干化学法与镜检法分别进行检测,并对两种方法检测的尿隐血及白细胞结果分别进行比较。结果干化学法检测尿白细胞与镜检法的结果相比较,干化学法的阳性率为46.89%,镜检后的假阳性率是12.32%,二者相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干化学法检测尿隐血与镜检法的结果相比较,干化学法的阳性率为39.11%,镜检后的假阳性率是17.61%,二者相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论干化学法可以提高红细胞及白细胞检测的灵敏度,镜检可以鉴别红细胞的形态,观察各种管型、上皮细胞、结晶等有形成分,二者的相互结合,才是尿常规分析的最佳方法。     

干化学法对尿液红细胞和白细胞筛查作用的临床分析

目的探讨干化学法对尿液红细胞和白细胞筛查作用。方法采用回顾性分析的方法,分析收集的800份尿液标本,通过人工镜检和干化学法进行检测比较。结果干化学法筛检尿液红细胞时有假阳性出现,筛查白细胞时有假阴性出现,P<0.05,差异均有统计学意义。结论干化学法对尿液红细胞和白细胞筛查时应与人工镜检相结合,当二者出现差异时应以人工镜检结果作参考。     

AX4030尿干化学法与尿沉渣镜检 WBC、RBC 比较

目的：探讨 AX4030全自动尿液干化仪检测白细胞、红细胞和人工显微镜检查的符合情况。方法随机收集1000份来自医院门诊患者新鲜尿标本，混匀尿液后，分成 A、B 两管，A 管用于干化学分析，B 管按10ml 刻度定容后，以1500r/ min，离心5min，吸掉上清液，留0.2ml 沉渣滴于载玻片上进行显微镜下镜检。结果白细胞符合率为91.7％，红细胞符合率为87.6％。以人工显微检查为标准，干化学分析法检查白细胞假阳性率为2.47％，假阴性率为7.54％，而干化学法检查红细胞假阳性率为12.4％，假阴性率为2.16％。结论尿液干化学分析法不能替代镜检法对尿液白细胞、红细胞进行检测。     

尿沉渣分析工作站法与干化学法检测尿液的应用评价

目的：探讨用尿沉渣分析工作站法与干化学法检测尿液的应用价值。方法：按要求收集1600份临床尿液标本，同时用尿沉渣分析工作站法和干化学法对尿液进行分析。以尿沉渣工作站法为基础。评价干化学法。结果：化学法阴性结果中尿沉渣分析工作站法白细胞阳性率6．70％；红细胞阳性率，4．80％。化学法阳性结果中尿沉渣分析工作站法白细胞阴性率6．50％，红细胞阴性率1．30％。评价干化学法联合指标假阴性率15．70％，假阳性率5．90％。结论：化学试剂带在尿液测定过程中易受各种化学因素干扰；造成一些假阴性、假阳性结果。作尿液分析时一定要按标准化、规范化的要求，同时作好化学分析和尿沉渣镜检工作。     

干化学法与尿沉渣联合用于尿常规检验的效果观察

目的探究干化学法与尿沉渣联合用于尿常规检验的效果观察。方法将在我院进行尿常规检验的130例患者作为研究对象,取患者新鲜中段尿,分别进行单纯尿液干化学法、单纯尿沉渣镜检法和干化学法联合尿沉渣镜检法尿常规检验,对比分析患者三组检验方法定量白细胞和红细胞阳性检出率。结果患者尿沉渣镜检法白细胞检出率为26.92%,显著高于干化学法的12.31%,组间差异显著(P<0.05);患者干化学法红细胞检出率为14.62%,显著高于尿沉渣镜检法的5.38%,组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);联合法白细胞和红细胞检出率分别为39.23%和21.54%,均显著高于干化学法和尿沉渣镜检法,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论干化学法与尿沉渣镜检法均有各自的优势,两组检测方法联合使用能够有效提高定量白细胞和定量红细胞检出率,有效提高尿常规检测的准确性,降低误诊率。     

EH-2060尿沉渣分析仪与干化学及镜检的尿检分析

目的对EH-2060尿沉渣分析仪、干化学法和尿沉渣镜检三种方法检测尿液红细胞、白细胞结果进行比较分析,探讨每种方法的优缺点及其影响因素。方法对3000例尿液标本,分别用EH-2060尿液沉渣分析仪、US-200型尿11项干化学分析仪及尿沉渣镜检查尿液红细胞、白细胞。结果干化学分析法与尿沉渣分析仪及尿沉渣手工镜检在尿检中阳性率比较：白细胞低4%、红细胞高8%。结论EH-2060、干化学及手工镜检三者交叉互检,可排除假阳性和假阴性结果,可使检验结果更准确,为临床提供可靠的诊断信息。     

UF-100尿沉渣分析仪对尿白细胞和红细胞检测的影响因素分析

目的:探讨UF-100尿沉渣分析仪检测白细胞和红细胞的影响因素。方法:采用日本东亚Sysmex UF-100全自动尿沉渣分析仪和Sysmex-500干化学分析仪,对538例随机尿白细胞和红细胞进行分析。结果:红细胞UF-100假阳性率14.8%,假阴性率4.6%;干化学法假阳性率10.0%,假阴性率3.1%。白细胞UF-100法假阳性率9.0%,假阴性率3.2%。干化学法假阳性率9.2%,假阴性率5.7%。结论:当UF-100尿沉渣分析仪与干化学法结果不符时,要结合显微镜镜检综合分析。     

尿液常规分析中假阴性的干扰因素及改进措施

目的对尿干化学法测定尿液的阴性结果进行人工镜检,分析尿干化学检测法出现假阴性结果的原因及改进措施。方法对1320份尿液标本采用尿干化学分析仪和常规尿沉渣离心人工镜检法分别检测红细胞和白细胞。结果对尿干化学分析仪检测阴性标本进行人工镜检,结果出现假阴性的概率分别为白细胞3.17%及红细胞2.36%。尿干化学分析仪与人工镜检结果比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论临床检测中应将尿干化学分析仪与手工镜检相结合,以提高检测结果的精确度和准确性,排除相互干扰,避免漏检和误检。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.