高血压左室肥大与心律失常及心肌缺血的关系

目的探讨高血压(EH)并左心室肥大(LVH)与心律失常及心肌缺血的关系。方法应用24h动态心电(DCG)监测对130例EH并LVH者(A组)和150例非左心室肥大患者(B组)心电参数进行对比。结果室性心律失常发生例数及室早≤Ⅱ级,两组间比较无明显差异。而室早≥Ⅲ级及缺血性ST—T改变两组间比较有显著差异。结论A组心肌缺血及恶性室性心律失常显著增多,且发生率与LVH呈正相关。     

高血压左室肥厚及构型与室性心律失常的关系

为探讨高血压左室肥厚(LVH)及不同构型与室性心律失常的关系,对320例有或无左室肥厚(LVH)高血压患者进行超声心动图、24h动态心电图检测.结果表明:LVH为105例,检出率为32.8%.复杂性室性心律失常的发生率在有无LVH组间有显著性差异(P<0.05),LVH程度与复杂性室性心律失常级别有密切的关系(r=0.57,p<0.05),LVH不同构型之间复杂性室性心律失常的发生率存在显著差异(p<0.05),不对称性LVH发生率较高.因此,对于肥厚程度较重、不对称LVH的高血压患者要给予高度重视.     

老年人高血压左室肥厚与心律失常关系的研究

目的探讨老年人高血压左室肥厚(LVH)与心律失常的关系。方法对178例老年高血压患者进行超声心动图及Holter检查,比较有LVH及无LVH两组各类心律失常的发生情况。结果178例老年高血压患者并发LVH81例(45·5%),LVH组各种心律失常的发生率与非LVH组比较,差别均有显著性意义(P<0·01),LVH组复杂性室性心律失常(CVA)为39例(48·1%),显著高于无LVH组的17·5%(17例)(P<0·01)。结论老年人高血压LVH与心律失常的发生有密切关系,且与CVA成正相关。     

高血压致左室肥厚的发生机制及其治疗进展

左室肥厚(LVH)是高血压最重要的并发症,在所有高血压患者中20%～30%可有LVH,高血压性LVH是引起猝死、室性心律失常、心肌缺血和心力衰竭等的常见因素。     

老年高血压病患者心律失常及心肌缺血与左室肥厚的相关性分析

观察223例老年高血压病患者24 h动态心电图心律失常和心肌缺血特点,分析两者与左室肥厚(LVH)的关系。结果显示,119例伴LVH者总室性心律失常、Low n's分级≥3级室性早搏和心肌缺血发生率分别是84.9%、36.1%和43.7%,均高于104例无LHV者(64.4%、14.4%和17.3%),P均<0.01。提示老年高血压病患者室性心律失常和心肌缺血的发生与LVH密切相关。     

逆转高血压左室肥厚对室性心律失常的影响

作者对1994年1月～1998年1月我院门诊和病房的高血压左心室肥厚(LVH)并室性心律失常(VA)的患者,在有抗心律失常作用的钙离子拮抗剂和转换酶抑制剂治疗1年以后,观察逆转LVH前、后VA的发生情况,以探讨逆转高血压LVH对VA的影响。1　对象与方法1.1　对象选择原发性高血压病人80例,符合以下条件者入选:经临床、实验室检查排除继发性高血压;经彩超证实有左心室肥厚,EF值≤50%;休息心电图和心电图运动试验无缺血型ST段改变;Holter监测有VA者。将这80例随机分为组和组各40例,年龄、性别等相互匹配。组男性24例,女性16例,年龄56±6(39～67)…     

78例高血压病患者动态心电图分析

分析78例高血压病患者心脏结构和心肌缺血与心律失常关系。表明该病患者在左室肥厚(LVH)和心肌缺血时室性期前收缩(PVS)发病率最高,其它期前收缩在LVH和心肌缺血中无明显关系。     

老年SH患者ABPM指标与LVH、MI及心律失常关系

目的探讨老年收缩期高血压(SH)患者的血压各项指标与左心室肥厚(LVH)、心肌缺血(MI)及心律失常的相关性。方法对45例临床已确诊有左心室肥大、心肌缺血的老年收缩期高血压患者(观察组)和36例老年单纯收缩期高血压患者(对照组)进行动态血压(ABPM)和动态心电图(DCG)同步检测。结果与对照组比较,观察组ABPM多项指标即24h、白昼、夜间平均收缩压、脉压、血压负荷值(收缩压)增高,昼夜节律减弱或消失,2组间比较差异有显著性。DCG室性心律失常发生率明显高于对照组。结论老年收缩期高血压患者ABPM多项指标与左心室肥厚、心肌缺血及心律失常有相关性。     

依那普利对高血压病左室肥厚和舒张功能的影响

高血压所致的左室肥厚(LVH)是心血管意外的一项独立危险因子。有LVH的高血压患者罹患室性心律失常和猝死的危险性显著增加[1]。血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)有逆转LVH和改善左室舒张功能的作用。本组高血压病人选用依那普利治疗,疗效满意。现报道如下。1　材料和方法1.1　对象1995年9月～1997年8月间我院住院病人按WHO1998年高血压诊断和分期标准被确诊为高血压病,且超声心动图检查合并有LVH者38例,除外肾功能不全者。LVH的诊断标准为:左室重量指数(LVMI)男性>125g/m2,女性>120g/m2[2]。其中男20例,女18例;平均年龄48.2±12.2岁…     

原发性高血压患者的心率变异性与QT离散度的分析

目的观察原发性高血压患者的心率变异性(HRV)及QT离散度(QTd)的变化,以期了解原发性高血压患者左心室受累情况与HRV及QTd之间关系。方法选择伴有左心室肥厚(LVH)的原发性高血压患者42例及不伴有LVH的原发性高血压患者54例,与30例健康人作为对照组进行动态心电图监测,分析24h HRV时域指标及室性心律失常,同时进行QTd分析。结果原发性高血压伴LVH组HRV各指标均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),也低于不伴LVH组(P<0.05)。不伴LVH组中:相邻R-R间期差值>50ms的百分比(PNN50)及24h内连续5min节段正常R-R间期标准差的平均数(SDNNindex)明显低于对照组(P<0.05),原发性高血压伴LVH组复杂室性心律失常(CVA)发生率明显高于原发性高血压不伴LVH组与正常对照组(P<0.01),后两者也有显著性差异(P<0.01)。QTd分析:显示原发性高血压伴LVH组QTd及校正的QTd(QTcd值)明显高于原发性高血压不伴LVH组与正常对照组(P<0.01),后两者无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论原发性高血压患者的HRV降低程度、QTd增大及CVA发生率与原发性高血压患者左心室受累程度相一致,反映原发性高血压患者心室水平的自主神经调节及心室肌本身的病变状态,对预测室性心律失常及猝死的发生可能有重要的意义。     

Idiopathic Left Ventricular Aneurysm: An Unusual Substrate of Ventricular Fibrillation and Ventricular Tachycardia

Idiopathic left ventricular aneurysm (LVA) is a very rare clinical condition. This article describes a patient with idiopathic LVA associated with episodes of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. Clinical and instrumental examinations did not reveal the pathogenesis of the aneurysm. The malignant clinical course suggests that an aggressive antiarrhythmic treatment, including ICD implantation, may be warranted.     

高血压左室肥厚与室性心律失常的研究进展

研究表明高血压左室肥厚的患者室性心律失常,尤其是复杂性室性心律失常发生率增高,目前认为主要与左室重构、心肌缺血、肥厚心肌的电生理改变、神经内分泌因子分泌异常等多种因素有关。在对高血压病的患者进行降压治疗的同时逆转左室肥厚能减少室性心律失常的发生,肾素-血管紧张素系统抑制剂因在此方面作用显著而倍受关注。     

Ablation of Ventricular Arrhythmias in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia

VT Ablation in Right Ventricular Dysplasia. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) is a genetically determined myocardial disease characterized by fibrofatty replacement of the right ventricular wall. Ventricular tachyarrhythmias can be seen in the early stages of the disease, which is one of the most important causes of sudden death in young healthy individuals. Radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation is an option for the treatment of medically refractory ventricular arrhythmias and it has shown to successfully abolish recurrent ventricular tachycardias (VT) as well as reduce the frequency in defibrillator therapies. However, variable acute and long‐term success rates have been reported. The current mapping and ablation techniques include activation and entrainment mapping during tolerated VT and substrate ablation using 3‐dimensional electroanatomic mapping systems. This article aims at providing a comprehensive review of RF catheter ablation of ventricular arrhythmias in the context of ARVD. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 473‐14, April 2010)     

Prognosis in Patients with Left Ventricular Dysfunction and Ventricular Tachycardia Following Programmed Ventricular Stimulation

We performed programmed ventricular stimulation on 69 patients with left ventricular ejection dysfunction (ejection fraction < 50%) and clinically recognized ventricular tachycardia including 28 patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia and 41 patients with nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. An inducible arrhythmia (> 6 beats ventricular tachycardia) was found in 74% of patients. Patients with clinically sustained arrhythmias were frequently inducible (89%) with a high incidence of inducible monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (82%). Patients with clinically nonsustained ventricular tachycardia had a lower rate of inducibility (63%) including a high incidence of inducible polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (27%). Inducible patients with left ventricular dysfunction and ventricular tachycardia had a low incidence of electrophysiologically demonstrated effective drug therapy (16%). However, if an effective drug was found, the prognosis was good. Empirical drug therapy was associated with a poor prognosis in inducible and noninducible patients. Finally, an unfavorable prognosis was associated with a clinically sustained arrhythmia, a lower ejection fraction, and the presence of a left ventricular aneurysm. An inducible arrhythmia did not predict an unfavorable course. Indeed, patients with noninducible ventricular tachycardia in this group of patients were still at risk for sudden cardiac death.     

左室重量指数与复杂性室性心律失常

目的探讨左室重量指数预测复杂性室性心律失常的临床价值。方法对１１６例轻、中度高血压病人行超声心动图和动态心电图监测。４０例健康人作对照组。结果复杂性室性心律失常发生率在左室重量指数法和左室实测值法左室肥厚组分别为３６．９％，１３．９％，二者差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论左室重量指数法左室肥厚对预测复杂室性心律失常有重要价值。     

Diastolic Ventricular Interaction and Ventricular Diastolic Filling

Because the ventricles share a common septum, the filling of one may influence the compliance of the other, a phenomenon known as direct diastolic ventricular interaction (DVI). This interaction is markedly enhanced when the force exerted by the surrounding pericardium is raised (pericardial constraint). In health, in the resting state, we operate near the top of the flat component of a J-shaped pericardial stress–strain relation. Therefore, pericardial constraint (and hence DVI) is only minor. When right ventricular volume/pressure acutely increases, such as during exercise, massive pulmonary embolism, or right ventricular infarction, pericardial constraint increases and significant DVI develops. In this setting, the measured left ventricular intracavitary diastolic pressure markedly overestimates the true left ventricular filling pressure, because the external forces must be subtracted. Although the pericardium can grow during chronic cardiac enlargement, we present evidence that in certain chronic disease processes, including heart failure, DVI may also be important.     

Frequent Premature Ventricular Complexes Originating from the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Are Associated with Left Ventricular Dysfunction

Background : Recent case series have shown reversal of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction after catheter ablation of frequent premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) originating from the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT). We conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the prevalence of patients with frequent RVOT PVCs (≥10 per hour) and LV dysfunction. Methods : RVOT PVC was defined as PVC with left bundle branch block morphology and inferior axis on a 12‐lead ECG. We included patients with frequent RVOT PVCs on 24‐hours Holter monitor who had a recent evaluation of LV function. Patients with structural heart disease, including obstructive coronary artery disease, were excluded. Patients were divided into three groups based on the number of PVCs (<1000/24 hour, 1000–10,000/24 hour, ≥10,000/24 hour), and the prevalence of LV dysfunction was evaluated in each group. Results : Our analysis included 108 patients: 24 patients had <1000PVCs/24 hour, 55 patients had 1000–10,000PVCs/24 hour, and 29 patients had ≥10,000PVCs/24 hour. The prevalence of LV dysfunction was 4%, 12%, and 34%, respectively (P = 0.02). With logistic regression analysis, non‐sustained ventricular tachycardia was an independent predictor of LV dysfunction with odds ratio of 3.6 (1.3–10.1). Conclusion : We demonstrated a significant association between frequent RVOT PVCs and LV dysfunction in patients without structural heart disease.     

Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia Due to a Postinfarct Ventricular Septal Defect:

Outer Loop Tachycardia. Introduction : Ventricular tachycardia (VT) alter postinfarct ventricular septal defect (VSD) repair has not been well characterized.
Methods and Results: A 55-year-old man developed refractory VT after inferior wall infarction and VSD repair. Entrainment demonstrated a broad reentry circuit path (outer loop) between the tricuspid annulus and VSD patch. A series of radiofrequency (RF) lesions transected this path, abolishing VI' and producing conduction block between the inferior and superior aspects of the basal right ventricular septum.
Conclusion: Some VTs have broad reentry loops requiring ablation by a series of RF lesions across the path to create a line of block. This approach is analogous to that for atrial flutter.     

室性早搏与心室颤动的导管消融治疗的病例选择

室早、室速/室颤常有共同的起源和病理基质,是相互联系与动态演变的统一体。消融与否,不取决于其发病形式,而取决于其病因、症状和预后的严重性。消融方法无固定的模式,应根据病人的具体情况灵活多变,以追求简单、安全、高效和对正常组织损伤最小为原则。目前消融的有效性主要取决于室早/室颤的基础疾病和起源部位。特发与病变局限的室早/室颤,消融效果好,病变广泛或进行性发展的室早/室颤,消融效果有待提高。起源靠近心内膜,尤其是起源于希氏-蒲肯野系统的室早/室颤,容易消融;起源靠近心外膜或心脏的重要结构,如左主干开口,希氏束旁者,消融的难度或风险大。     

Case Report: Adenosine Induced Ventricular Fibrillation in a Patient with Stable Ventricular Tachycardia

Adenosine is frequently used in emergency departments and intensive care units for the termination of narrow complex tachycardias. Recently its utility in terminating wide complex tachycardias has been reported in the literature. Adenosine is generally felt to be a safe medication even though its proarrhythmic effects in the setting of narrow complex or supraventricular tachycardias have been well documented. Herein, we describe the first case to our knowledge of adenosine inducing ventricular fibrillation in a patient with a stable wide complex tachycardia that was subsequently proven to be ventricular tachycardia at electrophysiologic study.