应用头皮扩张术治疗头皮缺损颅骨外露

作者应用头皮扩张术修复头皮缺损颅骨外露的创面。Ⅰ期扩张器植入切口可选择在正常头皮上。注水至额定容量。按每修得１ｃｍ２创面需４ｍｌ扩张器容量推算扩张器大小。Ⅱ期皮瓣转移时,去除坏死的颅骨外板,取出扩张器,转移皮瓣。本组５例,共设计８块皮瓣,术后均Ⅰ期愈合。随诊６个月～１年,有毛发生长。作者认为用该方法扩张后皮瓣覆盖颅骨修复头皮缺损,既治疗了疾病又避免了秃发。     

皮肤软组织扩张术在头皮缺损伴颅骨外露修复中的应用

目的 探讨外伤致大面积头皮缺损后的肉芽组织创面伴颅骨外露的修复方法.方法 对外伤后头皮缺损肉芽组织创面伴颅骨外露8例患者,在形成新鲜肉芽组织创面后于正常头皮帽状腱膜下埋置皮肤软组织扩张器12只,术中以及注水扩张过程中严格无菌操作,适度扩张,保持扩张部位丰富的血液循环.扩张满意后取出皮肤软组织扩张器行扩张后皮瓣修复创面.结果 8例患者均完成头皮缺损创面的修复,扩张器埋置术后以及注水扩张过程中未见感染.结论 皮肤软组织扩张术可以修复外伤头皮缺损后肉芽组织创面伴颅骨外露.     

D型连头婴头颅缺损一期重建相关问题探讨

目的 探讨D型连头婴分离手术后头皮，颅骨，硬膜缺损的一期修复重建方法。方法 头皮应用扩张器进行扩张，采用邻近头皮皮瓣转移修复头皮缺损，用带蒂骨膜修补硬膜缺损，用钛板修补颅骨缺损等进行一期重建。结果 存活的婴儿术后颅骨塑形及头皮愈合良好。结论 D型连头婴可以进行头颅缺损一期重建。     

皮肤软组织扩张术美容修复烧伤后头皮缺损合并颅骨外露

目的：探讨应用皮肤软组织扩张术一期修复头部深度烧伤所致头皮缺损和颅骨外露的可行性和实用性。方法：1998年～2008年,我科共收治14例严重烧伤后头皮缺损合并颅骨外露的患者,其中电击伤12例,煤气中毒昏迷后颞顶部煤炉灼伤2例。头皮缺损面积4cm×6cm～8cm×16cm,颅骨外露最小3cm×2cm,最大12cm×6cm。电击伤或深度烧伤后1～6月余,创面清洁换药后,无明显创周炎,术中碘伏纱布覆盖创面并缝合固定,应用圆形和肾形皮肤软组织扩张器,置于头皮帽状腱膜下层,其切口位于预扩张皮瓣的远端,剥离范围距离创缘不小于2cm。注水扩张时间为1～5月,扩张器埋置1～3只,注水扩张总容量300～900ml,扩张额外皮肤面积为缺损面积的1.5～2倍。术中将外露坏死颅骨外板予以清除;或者在颅骨外板上钻孔,等待肉芽生长后,再行预扩张皮瓣覆盖。将扩张器取出后,将皮瓣和腔隙内形成的纤维膜切断,以利于皮瓣延伸和转移,并放置负压引流。结果：扩张部位无1例发生感染;有2例预扩张面积不够,经头皮总动员覆盖头皮缺损创面;其中1例坏死颅骨清除不彻底,形成枕部窦道,经再次手术,清除死骨并行局部皮瓣转移手术,修复枕部窦道;1例颞骨外露创面经接力扩张修复。术后头皮毛发生长如常。结论：电击伤等所致头皮缺损合并颅骨外露创面,完全可以应用软组织扩张术形成的头皮预扩张皮瓣进行一次性美容修复,无须Ⅱ期解决秃发畸形问题,较传统方法有明显优点。     

颞浅动脉顶支扩张岛状皮瓣在修复头皮缺损中的应用

目的 探讨颞浅动脉顶支扩张岛状皮瓣在修复复杂头皮缺损中的应用.方法 通过在扩张头皮瓣上设计以颞浅动脉顶支为蒂的岛状皮瓣,转移修复复杂头皮缺损25例,并观察其愈合和修复效果.结果 25例患者,24例皮瓣完全存活,1例患者因皮瓣张力过大出现部分坏死,但通过清创及换药后愈合.术后随访6～12个月,头皮缺损修复部位与周围皮肤色泽、质地相似,外形恢复满意,皮瓣供受区毛发生长良好,创面愈合良好,无并发症发生.结论 应用颞浅动脉顶支为蒂的岛状扩张皮瓣修复复杂头皮缺损,皮瓣存活良好,皮瓣设计、转移灵活,修复范围较大,皮瓣与周边头皮衔接良好,是修复复杂头皮缺损的一种良好方法,值得应用和推广.     

超长联合皮瓣在头皮缺损合并颅骨外露或缺损中的应用

目的探讨运用超长联合皮瓣+自体大张中厚皮游离移植覆盖供皮区修复与重建大面积头皮缺损伴颅骨外露或缺损的效果。方法回顾2004年5月~2014年3月收治的运用超长联合皮瓣+自体大张中厚皮游离移植覆盖供皮区修复与重建大面积头皮缺损伴颅骨外露或缺损的15例患者,均为实施肿瘤扩大切除或清创术后,头皮缺损面积最大为20 cm×15 cm,颅骨外露最大面积16 cm×10cm,颅骨缺损最大面积11 cm×7 cm。结果 15例患者头部缺损均得到良好覆盖,植皮修复创面根据修复创面情况,于术后10~12天拆包,植皮成活率大于95%,残留创面予换药处理愈合。术后随访1~10年,所植皮片质地良好,无明显瘢痕增生。1例头皮鳞状细胞癌患者术后随访5年,复查无肿瘤复发。1例梭形细胞肉瘤患者术后2年肿瘤复发、转移死亡。7例Ⅱ期通过扩张器植入、Ⅲ期扩张头皮瓣覆盖植皮区域的方式行美学修复,取得较好的美容效果。结论超长联合皮瓣+自体大张中厚皮游离移植覆盖供皮区是修复与重建大面积头皮缺损伴颅骨外露或缺损的理想方法。     

游离皮瓣在颅骨外露的头皮缺损中的应用

目的:报告应用游离皮瓣修复头皮缺损致颅骨外露的方法和临床疗效。方法:本组5例患者年龄5～58岁,平均35岁,因创伤、肿瘤等原因造成头皮部分缺损并颅骨外露,缺损面积在8cm×10cm～15cm×10cm;缺损部位为颞部、顶部及额部。分别选用游离胸脐皮瓣、旋股外侧皮瓣和胫后动脉皮瓣等移植修复创面。结果:本组5例患者移植皮瓣Ⅰ期成活,其中2例移植皮瓣后行头皮扩张术,术后扩张头皮全部覆盖创面,毛发生长良好。术后随访6～18个月,患者皮瓣除臃肿外,创面Ⅰ期愈合,外形效果好。结论:采用吻合血管的游离皮瓣移植修复颅骨缺损,可以在短期内完全覆盖裸露的颅骨,确保了颅骨的成活。皮瓣成活后,可以Ⅱ期手术修整或头皮扩张术,既修复创面又能恢复头部外观,是一种理想的修复方式。     

大面积头皮缺损合并颅骨外露或缺损的皮瓣修复

目的 探讨大面积头皮缺损合并颅骨外露或缺损的皮瓣修复方法.方法 对40例大面积头皮缺损合并颅骨外露或缺损患者行双侧旋转皮瓣转移或轴型头皮皮瓣转移结合游离皮片移植修复手术.32例行一期修复,8例行二期修复.结果 所有皮瓣皮片均完全成活.术后随访6个月至2年,未发现头皮坏死,效果满意.结论 双侧旋转皮瓣转移或轴型头皮皮瓣转移结合游离皮片移植是修复大面积头皮缺损合并颅骨外露或缺损的有效方法.     

游离背阔肌扩张皮瓣在膝前大面积组织缺损修复中的应用

目的 探讨应用游离背阔肌扩张皮瓣修复大面积膝前组织缺损的临床疗效.方法 2017年3月至2020年10月,对4例大面积膝前组织缺损应用游离背阔肌扩张皮瓣进行修复.所有患者均行两期手术:一期扩张器植入,扩张器注射5～6个月使组织扩张;二期膝前瘢痕松解,行背阔肌扩张皮瓣转移术修复膝前创面.结果 所有患者创面均成功修复.膝前...     

皮肤扩张术在头皮缺损修复中的应用

目的探讨皮肤软组织扩张术修复头皮软组织缺损的手术方法的改进及并发症防治。方法2002年10月~2005年6月,采用一期置入扩张器行皮肤扩张术,常规注水充分扩张后,二期合理设计扩张皮瓣转移修复缺损的方法,治疗头部皮肤软组织32例。其中男20例,女12例。年龄5~48岁。均为头皮病变手术切除后缺损,缺损范围7cm×5cm~20cm×20cm,均不伴其他部位损伤。置入扩张器均为圆柱形,容积50~250ml,采用注射壶内置法,注水扩张时间6~16周。扩张皮瓣的范围8cm×5cm~25cm×23cm。结果32例头皮缺损均完全修复,仅1例皮瓣远端表皮坏死,经换药治疗后延期愈合,余扩张皮瓣均完全成活。术后随访1年头发生长良好,瘢痕隐蔽,外观满意。并发症4例,分别为皮瓣远端表皮坏死、血肿、扩张器外露和切口裂开各1例。结论皮肤软组织扩张术是一种修复头皮软组织缺损的理想方法。     

头皮缺损伴颅骨外露的修复

目的　临床研究应用多种方法修复大面积头皮缺损伴颅骨外露。方法　用皮片移植法、头皮瓣转移加植皮法、远位皮瓣移植法、多个头皮瓣转移法及头皮扩张Ⅰ期修复头皮缺损伴颅骨外露 2 5例。结果　多个头皮瓣转移法及头皮扩张法取得良好效果 ,而皮片移植法、远位皮瓣移植法等方法均有不同程度的继发性畸形。结论　为避免继发性畸形的出现 ,多个头皮瓣转移法及头皮扩张法是修复头皮缺损伴颅骨外露的较好方法     

Aplasia cutis of the scalp: a report of two cases

Congenital absence of skin is rare; it usually presents in the midline over the vertex of the skull. There may be a lack of skin only, but a defect in the skull, with or without dura, may also be present. Two cases of congenital scalp defect have been treated. A male neonate was seen on the day of birth and the soft tissue defect was closed by a rotation flap. A female baby of 2 months was seen for recurrent episodes of severe wound infection and profuse bleeding. The infection could only be sufficiently treated after coverage of the soft tissue defect with a scalp flap. Scalp defects should be treated operatively in cases where spontaneous epithelization from the edges of the wound cannot be expected to be complete within a few weeks. Skin defects wider than 1 cm. should preferably be covered by scalp flaps. Bony defects should always be covered by skin flaps or grafts. Received: 30 December 1999 / Accepted: 2 February 2000     

Aesthetic Reconstruction of Large Scalp Defects by Sequential Tissue Expansion Without Interval

Tissue expansion is indicated in the reconstruction of various scalp defects when there is inadequate adjacent tissue to allow either primary closure of the defect or repair with a local flap. It is the most important armamentarium for aesthetic hair-bearing scalp reconstruction in cases of congenital or required defects. This technique was used sequentially without interval to achieve scalp reconstruction for 12 patients with a defect ranging from 30% to 75% of the scalp (average, 55%). For 12 patients, 32 expansion treatments were undertaken between September 1997 and January 2002. The 12 patients included 3 women, 4 men, and 5 children with a mean age of 20 years (range, 45 days to 36 years). All patients had more than one period of treatment. The most common conditions treated were burns (n = 7), trauma (n = 1), congenital naevi (n = 2), and male pattern baldness (n = 2). Reconstruction of 12 large scalp defects has been performed with a 3.1% rate of major complications. Results show that tissue expansion is a safe and efficient but time-consuming technique for aesthetic scalp reconstruction, especially in the case of sideburn scenario or large defects. There was no significant alteration in ratio of complications although tissue expansions were made sequentially.     

组织扩张术在瘢痕性秃发修复中的应用及疗效探讨

目的:探讨头皮扩张术治疗瘢痕性秃发的临床应用经验,强调头皮瓣设计的重要性。方法:1991年1月至2002年12月,应用头皮扩张术治疗瘢痕性秃发148例,手术选用100～500ml扩张器272个。头皮经扩张后采用如下方式进行修复:①单纯采用常规任意头皮瓣修复秃发区139例;②结合运用Orticochea多瓣法修复2例;③结合采用颞浅血管岛状头皮瓣转移修复鬓角3例、发际2例;④选择性将瘢痕性秃发区中存留的正常岛状生发头皮,形成以颞浅血管为蒂的岛状头皮瓣转移修复2例。结果:本组病例,修复秃发最大面积为310cm2,其中一典型病例,秃发面积达12cm×14cm,经一次扩张后修复全部秃发区。本组148例,一次性完全修复秃发135例,2例经接力扩张、6例经延期扩张后完全修复,剩余5例未完全修复,并发症发生率为17.6%。结论:头皮扩张术治疗大面积瘢痕性秃发有良好的整复效果,是大面积瘢痕性秃发较为理想的治疗方法。头皮扩张术结合多种类型头皮瓣设计的灵活运用可提高并改善瘢痕性秃发的修复效果。     

游离股前外侧皮瓣在复杂头皮软组织缺损中的应用

目的 探讨游离股前外侧皮瓣修复复杂头皮软组织缺损的临床疗效。方法 应用游离股前外侧皮瓣修复20例复杂头皮软组织缺损患者,其中合并颅骨外露6例,颅骨缺损3例,合并感染4例,合并头皮疤痕挛缩9例。头皮缺损面积6 cm×10 cm～22 cm×13 cm,颅骨外露6 cm×8 cm～21 cm×12 cm。结果 术后随访6个月～2年,19例皮瓣均完全成活,皮瓣柔软,无明显色素沉着。其中1例小儿患者术后第3天出现皮瓣远端颅顶部部分发黑,予以换药、温盐水热敷、蒂部缝线拆除后皮瓣成活,但遗留色素沉着。20例患者中,仅1例发生供区发生植皮边缘坏死,予以换药处理后创面愈合。结论 旋股外侧动脉降支与颞浅动脉口径相当,应用游离股前外侧皮瓣可有效修复创伤及肿瘤所致复杂头皮软组织缺损。     

Management of scalp defects due to high-voltage electrical burns: a case series and proposed algorithm to treat calvarium injury

Background

Multiple modalities to manage scalp and underlying skull defect due to high-voltage electrical burns have been discussed. We aimed to describe our experience and to propose an algorithm for the management of skull injury which could be helpful in decision-making.

Methods

A retrospective study of patients who sustained electrical burns to the head from May 2007 to April 2012 was carried out. Sex, age, size of scalp defect, and method of reconstruction and management were analyzed.

Results

Thirteen patients were identified. Out of 13, 11 patients had scalp defects which were covered using local scalp flap. Free latissimus dorsi (LD) muscle flap and pedicle trapezius flap were used in two patients. The largest defect covered with local scalp flap was the size of 80 cm². Free LD flap was used to cover a defect of 144 cm². Of the nine patients who presented early (immediately after injury), seven required debridement of the outer table and the other two patients required full-thickness excision of the skull. The remaining four patients who presented late (after 3 months) were found to have osteomyelitic segments which required full thickness excision of the skull.

Conclusions

Most of the soft tissue defects of the scalp due to high-voltage electrical burns can be managed with local scalp flaps. However, if the local tissue is injured or not sufficient to close the defect, then free flap should be considered. In management of calvarium injury, the emphasis should be debridement of necrotic bone to provide infection-free site followed by soft tissue cover.Level of Evidence: Level IV, therapeutic study.

     

Simple flaps for reconstruction of pediatric scalp defects after electrical burn

Objective:To analyze the management of high-voltage electrical burn injury of the scalp in our hospital.Methods:This study involved 10 patients who suffered from high-voltage electrical burn injury of ...     

头皮缺损合并颅骨外露的皮瓣修复方法探讨

目的:探讨头皮缺损合并颅骨外露的皮瓣修复方法。方法:自2008年1月～2013年3月共收治头皮缺损合并颅骨外露30例,行局部头皮瓣、轴型头皮瓣转移结合皮片移植、上臂带蒂皮瓣修复。头皮缺损最大面积20cm×15cm,颅骨外露最大面积14cm×10cm。结果:共切取皮瓣34块、供瓣区植皮10例。皮瓣皮片均成活良好,术后随访6个月～4年,效果满意。结论:局部头皮旋转皮瓣是修复较小面积(直径小于7cm)头皮缺损优选方法,轴型头皮瓣修复较大面积(直径大于7cm)头皮缺损伴颅骨外露是有效方法,头皮缺损合并面部皮肤缺损行同侧上臂带蒂皮瓣修复也是较理想的方法。     

扩张器在头额部的临床应用

目的　探讨头额部皮肤缺损修复术优于传统手术疗效的方法。方法　应用扩张器分Ⅱ或Ⅲ期 ,以旋转、推进、轴型或岛状皮瓣方式转移扩张皮瓣 ,修复 72例头额部的先天性或获得性皮肤缺损患者。结果　 72例患者中 ,除 1例皮瓣坏死约 3.0cm× 2 .5cm外 ,扩张皮瓣均全部成活 ,修复后形态自然 ,效果满意。结论　在充分做好术前设计、提高手术技巧和严防并发症发生的情况下 ,皮肤组织扩张术是头额部皮肤缺损修复的理想选择