主动脉窦瘤破裂的外科治疗及远期疗效

目的 总结主动脉窦瘤破裂的临床特点及外科疗效,讨论对合并感染性心内膜炎及主动脉瓣关闭不全患者的处理.方法 回顾性分析1997年9月至2007年9月43例主动脉窦瘤破裂患者的临床资料.其中男性32例,女性11例;年龄11～50岁,平均年龄(29.0±11.5)岁.破口源于右冠状动脉窦34例,无冠状动脉窦9例.破入有心室30例,右心房8例,右心室及右心房3例,破人室间隔2例.合并室间隔缺损26例,主动脉瓣关闭不全15例,感染性心内膜炎8例,三尖瓣反流6例,房间隔缺损4例,二尖瓣反流2例,动脉导管未闭2例,肺动脉赘牛物1例.全部患者于心肺转流下行窦瘤修补及合并畸形矫治术.结果 无围手术期死亡.并发症5例,包括急性左心功能衰竭3例,Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞2例.随访6～120个月,平均(68.0±17.7)个月;2例分别于术后第6、8年行主动脉瓣置换术,2例进展为Ⅱ级主动脉瓣父闭小全.结论 主动脉窦瘤破裂外科治疗可获得满意效果.对合并主动脉瓣关闭小全及感染性心内膜炎的患者应早期手术,积极防治术后并发症并长期随访.     

主动脉窦瘤破入右心房的外科治疗效果

目的 总结主动脉窦瘤破入右心房的外科治疗经验,比较经右心房切口、右心房联合主动脉切口两种途径修补的结果.方法 2004年1月至2009年12月共对53例主动脉窦瘤破入右心房的患者进行了外科手术,其中男性35例,女性18例;年龄15～63岁,平均(33±9)岁.其中经右心房途径修补40例(Ⅰ组);经右心房联合主动脉切口修补13例(Ⅱ组).比较两组在心肺转流时间、主动脉阻断时间、呼吸机辅助时间、ICU时间、术后住院时间方面的差异.结果 两组在心肺转流时间[(86±29)min比(96±30)min]、主动脉阻断时间[(59±29)min比(71±25)min]、呼吸机辅助时间[(9±4)h比(161±23)h]、ICU时间[(35±23)h比(35±23)h]、术后住院时间[(7.1±0.9)d比(7.8±2.8)d]方面的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).随访1～64个月,平均(32±21)个月.术后随访无死亡,1例术前合并感染性心内膜炎的患者,术后6个月出现主动脉瓣大量反流需手术治疗;1例术后44个月查出冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病应用药物治疗,其余患者心功能(NYHA分级)Ⅰ～Ⅱ级.结论 外科治疗主动脉窦瘤破入右心房可取得良好的疗效,经右心房切口、右心房联合主动脉切口两种途径修补效果相当.     

主动脉窦瘤破裂52例手术治疗

我们对 52例主动脉窦瘤病人的手术方法及手术效果作了回顾性分析 ,现报道如下。资料和方法　 1 994年 6月至 2 0 0 1年 6月 ,我们收治主动脉窦瘤破裂病人 52例 ,其中男 31例 ,女 2 1例 ;年龄 7～ 66岁 ,平均 2 9岁。主动脉右冠状动脉窦瘤 46例 ,无冠状动脉窦瘤 5例 ,左冠状动脉窦瘤 1例。窦瘤破入右室 46例 ,破入右房 5例 ,破入左室 1例。主动脉窦瘤合并主动脉瓣关闭不全 31例 ,合并室间隔缺损 2 3例 ,房间隔缺损 2例 ,三尖瓣关闭不全 2例 ,二尖瓣关闭不全 1例 ,ＩＩＩ度房室传导阻滞 1例 (有多种畸形同时并存 )。发生感染性心内膜炎 7例。…     

主动脉窦瘤破裂外科治疗的临床研究

目的　探讨主动脉窦瘤破裂局部病理改变及其合并主动脉瓣关闭不全的手术方法。方法　 3 6例主动脉窦瘤破裂 (RASV)合并主动脉瓣关闭不全 (AI) 15例、室间隔缺损 (VSD) 2 6例。补片修补 3 5例 ,其中合并VSD的均以一片法修补 ,合并AI的主动脉瓣置换 (AVR) 6例 ,主动脉瓣成形 4例。手术取材作病理检查 5例。结果　本组 3 6例中手术死亡 2例 ( 5 .6% )。存活的 3 4例病人均经门诊复查或通信随访 0 .3～ 18年 ,其中 2例死亡。病理检查见RASV合并VSD的瘤壁为纤维素样坏死或玻璃样变性。结论　主动脉窦壁纤维素样或玻璃样变性可能是其形成的病理基础。合并主动脉瓣关闭不全时应探查其病变程度 ,酌情一期矫正 ,瓣膜损伤明显时宜行主动脉瓣置换 ,对主动脉瓣环细小的病例 ,可借修补VSD和RASV的补片扩大主动脉瓣环。     

感染性心内膜炎42例

我院自 1983年 12月～ 1998年 12月手术治疗感染性心内膜炎 42例 ,现报告如下。1　临床资料与方法1.1　临床资料　本组 42例 ,男 2 4例 ,女 18例。年龄 6～ 5 8岁 ,平均年龄 32岁。原有心脏病史 35例 (83% ) ,室间隔缺损(VSD) 6例 ,其中合并二尖瓣关闭不全 (MI) 1例 ,主动脉窦瘤破裂 1例 ,三尖瓣关闭不全 (TI) 1例 ;房间隔缺损 (ASD) 5例 ,其中合并肺动脉瓣狭窄 2例 ,MI1例 ,TI1例 ;主动脉瓣关闭不全 (AI) 19例 ,其中合并 VSD1例 ,MI2例 ,主动脉窦瘤破裂 2例 ;MI 5例。既往无心脏病史 7例 ,发病后侵犯主动脉瓣5例 ,侵犯二尖瓣 2例…     

主动脉窦瘤破裂的外科治疗

目的 总结1973－1999年85例主动脉窦瘤破裂的外科治疗经验。方法 主劝脉窦瘤破裂85例,合并室间隔缺损40例（47．1％）,主动脉瓣关闭不全15例（17．6％）,均以补片行动脉窦瘤修补,其中40例以同一补片修补主动脉窦瘤和室间隔缺损,5例同期行主动脉瓣置换术,3例行主动脉瓣成形术。结果 全组死亡3例,死亡率3．5％,无残余分流等并发症,71例随访2个月－24年,心功能恢复良好。结论 主动脉窦瘤破裂一经确诊,应尽早手术,采用补片修补主动脉窦瘤及用同一乒乓球拍形补片修补窦瘤和室间隔缺损,效果较好,对于严重的主动脉瓣关闭不全,应同期行主动脉瓣置换术,而轻度主动脉瓣关闭不全可不用特殊处理。     

主动脉窦瘤破裂的外科治疗

目的 总结主动脉窦瘤破裂的外科治疗经验.方法 83例主动脉窦瘤破裂患者均在气管内插管静脉复合麻醉中度低温体外循环下行主动脉窦瘤修复术,同时矫治合并的心内畸形,包括行主动脉瓣置换术20例,主动脉瓣成形术9例,三尖瓣成形术4例,肺动脉瓣重建术2例,室间隔缺损修补术37例,房间隔缺损修补术5例,右心室流出道疏通2例,右室双腔心矫治术1例.结果 本组无手术死亡.术后并发心力衰竭2例,再次开胸止血4例,均经治疗后痊愈.所有患者均得到随访,随访时间1个月～6年,平均随访25.6个月.心功能Ⅰ～Ⅱ级.心脏彩色超声心动图复查未发现主动脉窦瘤复发或残余分流,主动脉瓣轻度反流2例,轻至中度反流2例;术后6年主动脉瓣重度反流1例,再次行主动脉瓣置换术.结论 主动脉窦瘤破裂预后不良,尽早手术是治疗主动脉窦瘤破裂惟一有效的治疗方法.治疗的关键是恰当切除瘤体,可靠闭合窦瘤口,彻底矫治心脏畸形.     

主动脉根部替换术后并发症的护理

主动脉根部瘤主要表现为升主动脉中层囊性坏死 ,导致升主动脉瘤样扩张 ,常累及主动脉瓣、主动脉窦及主动脉瓣环 ,造成主动脉瓣严重关闭不全。使用主动脉根部替换的方法治疗主动脉根部瘤 ,可预防瘤体破裂 ,控制主动脉夹层瘤的发生和发展 ,纠正严重的主动脉瓣关闭不全和冠状动脉供血不足 ,防止心功能衰竭。 1 994年 1月至 2 0 0 0年 1 0月 ,我院对 2 73例主动脉根部瘤病人行主动脉根部替换术( Bentall术 ) ,其中 2 7例出现术后并发症 ,其护理介绍如下。1　临床资料2 7例中 ,男 2 2例、女 5例 ,年龄 1 4～ 6 5岁 ,平均 4 0 .6岁。瘤体直径 6 .…     

胸骨倒L形微创切口在心内直视术中的应用

1999年 3月至 2 0 0 0年 12月 ,我们使用胸骨倒Ｌ形微创切口行心内直视术 81例 ,效果满意 ,现报道如下。临床资料　 81例中男 39例 ,女 42例。年龄 3～ 6 1岁 ;体重 14～ 79ｋｇ。房间隔缺损 (ＡＳＤ) 38例 ,其中 1例合并右位心 ;室间隔缺损 (ＶＳＤ) 2 9例 ,其中合并双腔右心室 (ＤＣＲＶ) 3例 ,重度肺动脉高压 (ＰＨ) 3例 ;风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄(ＭＳ) 4例 ,二尖瓣和主动脉瓣双病变 3例 ;肺动脉瓣狭窄 (ＰＳ)2例 ,其中 1例合并感染性心内膜炎 ;部分性心内膜垫缺损(ＰＥＣＤ) 2例 ;左房粘液瘤 2例 ;主动脉窦瘤破入右房 1例。方法　全组手…     

升主动脉瘤术中瘤囊-右心房内引流

1998年 5月至 2 0 0 0年 5月我们对 11例升主动脉瘤手术病例采用瘤囊 -右心房内引流的新方法 ,取得满意的效果。资料和方法　 11例中男 6例 ,女 5例 ;年龄 2 8～ 6 7岁 ,平均 49岁 ;体重 46～ 6 4ｋｇ ,平均 5 5 8ｋｇ。其中 9例为升主动脉瘤合并主动脉瓣关闭不全 ,1例为单纯升主动脉瘤 ,1例为主动脉瓣置换术后并发升主动脉瘤。均采用经典的Ｂｅｎｔａｌｌ法〔1〕,本组根据主动脉窦部分与右心房相邻的解剖特点 (图 1、2 ) ,对引流瘤囊的方法作了改进。经股动脉及右心房插管建立体外循环。采用ＣａｒｂｏＭｅｄｉｃｓ带瓣管道瘤囊内移植。在…     

Surgical repair and long-term results in ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm

Thirty-one patients with a ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (SVA) were operated on between January, 1961, and December, 1987. Twenty-five patients (81%) were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Class III or IV. Coexistent cardiac anomalies included a ventricular septal defect (VSD) in 16 patients (52%) and aortic valve regurgitation in 12 patients (39%). The ruptured SVA originated from the right coronary sinus in 29 patients (94%) and the noncoronary sinus in 2 patients (6%), and drained into the right ventricle in 30 patients (97%). In 6 patients treated recently, we used patches to repair the ruptured SVA and VSD through a double approach, thereby avoiding a ventriculotomy. This method resulted in no recurrent rupture or residual VSD postoperatively. There was one operative death (3%) and 4 late deaths (13%). Of the 26 surviving patients, 22 (85%) were in NYHA Class I at follow-up ranging from 6 months to 26.7 years (mean, 11.1 years). Actuarial survival at 25 years is 85.6 +/- 7.4% (mean +/- standard deviation). Repair of ruptured SVA with a patch through a double approach provides an excellent operative procedure and offers a long-term outcome.     

Ruptured aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva. Long-term postoperative follow-up

Ruptured sinus Valsalva aneurysm was repaired in 13 patients (mean age c. 33 years). Dyspnea, chest pain, fatigue and palpitation were the most common symptoms and systodiastolic murmur, cardiomegaly and pulmonary congestion the most pertinent clinical findings. The pulmonary-to-systemic flow ratio averaged c. 2.5. Associated cardiac anomalies were ventricular septal defect, aortic or mitral regurgitation, aortic coarctation or subvalvular stenosis, tetralogy of Fallot (altogether 8 cases). The origin of the fistula was the noncoronary, right coronary or left coronary sinus (5, 4 and 3 cases) or was not identifiable (1 case). Rupture occurred into the right atrium (6 cases), right ventricle (6) or pulmonary artery (1 case). Repair was undertaken through aortotomy (6 cases), right ventriculotomy (2) or right atriotomy (1) or through aortotomy + right ventriculotomy or atriotomy (4). In one case aortic valve replacement was performed. All survived the operation. Follow-up averaged 9.6 years. Recurrent fistulation, though with small shunt, was found in two cases. Combined two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography revealed minor cardiac abnormalities in most patients, particularly aortic regurgitation. All the patients were in NYHA function class I or II.     

Double-chambered right ventricle

Thirty (10.8%) of 279 patients undergoing correction of a ventricular septal defect (VSD) from January, 1972, to September, 1986, also had a double-chambered right ventricle (DCRV). Age at operation ranged from 1.3 to 18.8 years (mean, 6.7 +/- 4.5 years [+/- standard deviation]). Seventeen patients were male, and 13 were female. Two-dimensional echocardiography was used after 1978 in the initial evaluation of 20 patients; however, the diagnosis of DCRV was made with the use of subcostal views only since 1984 in 4 of 5 patients. Surgical correction consisted of closure of the VSD and resection of anomalous muscle bundles through a right ventriculotomy (28 patients), and right atriotomy (2 patients). All patients survived and are asymptomatic 4.2 +/- 3.4 years following operation. Six patients have undergone catheterization postoperatively and 8 patients had intraoperative pressure recordings. The mean preoperative ratio of right ventricular to left ventricular pressures was 0.67 +/- 0.22 compared with 0.34 +/- 0.15 postoperatively (p less than .001). In 2 patients, DCRV was not recognized preoperatively or at VSD closure through a right atriotomy, and reoperation was necessary after DCRV was demonstrated at postoperative catheterization. DCRV may occur in approximately 10% of patients undergoing correction of VSD. Careful evaluation of echocardiographic and catheterization data preoperatively and careful evaluation of the anatomy intraoperatively are necessary so that DCRV not be overlooked, especially because most VSDs are now closed through the right atrium. Successful correction of VSD and DCRV is associated with excellent long-term results.     

A new method of closing the ventricular septal defect in corrected transposition of the great arteries

A new method of closing a perimembranous malalignment ventricular septal defect (VSD) in corrected transposition of the great arteries (TGA) of the [S,L,L] type is presented. The method consists of combined approaches to the VSD through both a right atriotomy and an aortotomy without a ventriculotomy. The VSD is patched obliquely from the morphological right ventricular side of the septum, cranially through the aortic valve to the left ventricular side of the septum, caudally through the mitral valve. Although this method has been successfully applied in only one adult patient, some advantages may be expected: (1) prevention of trauma to the His bundle, which runs along the anterosuperior rim of the VSD on the left ventricular side; and (2) prevention of trauma to the tricuspid, mitral, and aortic valves without having to open the ventricles. We believe that this new method warrants a further trial as possibly better for closure of the VSD in corrected TGA of the [S,L,L] type.     

室上嵴上室间隔缺损的外科治疗

本文报道５６例室上嵴上室间隔缺损的外科治疗。男３４例，女２２例，年龄３～３９岁。１９例合并主动脉瓣叶脱垂、主动脉瓣关闭不全或佛氏窦瘤破裂。经右房切口修补室缺２例，右室漏斗切口４７例，肺动脉切９７例。直接修补缺损２６例，补片修补３０例。主动脉瓣成形术１例，主动脉瓣置换术５例。５４例全愈出院，死亡２例。作者认为室上嵴上空间隔缺损应尽早手术，以免并发主动脉瓣损害和佛氏窦瘤破裂；中度主动脉瓣关闭不全可行主动脉瓣成形术，采用肺动脉切口优于右室漏斗部切口。     

Adult aortic coarctation discovered incidentally after the rupture of sinus of Valsalva aneurysm: combined surgical and interventional approach

Combination of ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (SVA), and a coexisting asymptomatic adult aortic isthmic coarctation is extremely rare. The timing and sequence of surgical and/or interventional repair of these two pathologies are controversial. We present a case of a 37-year-old male who was admitted to our department because of severe acute congestive heart failure and signs of ruptured aneurysm of the SV into the right ventricle. Transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography confirmed the communication between an important right coronary SVA and right ventricle, bicuspid aortic valve, mild aortic regurgitation, and revealed severe aortic coarctation. Because of the severe dilation of right sinus of Valsalva a surgical repair of the ruptured aneurysm was performed. Aortic coarctation was treated four weeks later by a percutaneous stent-graft implantation. This case report supports the concept that hybrid approach is feasible in patients with ruptured SVA and aortic coarctation in adulthood.     

Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm: surgical approaches to complicated cases

BACKGROUND: The authors herein report surgical experience with the aneurysms of sinus of Valsalva (SVA) complicated by coexisting pathologies. METHODS: Eight patients aged between 11 and 55 years underwent surgical repair of SVA. The aneurysms originated from the right coronary sinus in four patients, from the non-coronary sinus in four patients and from the left in one patient (one patient had aneurysms originating from both the left and right sinuses). Six of the aneurysms were ruptured into the right atrium (n = 3), right ventricle (n = 2) and left ventricle (n = 2). Aortic insufficiency (AI; n = 3), ventricular septal defect (n = 2), atrial septal defect (n = 4), Marfan's syndrome (n = 2), pulmonary stenosis (n = 1) and aortic stenosis (n = 1) were the coexisting anomalies. Double-chamber exposure (right atrial/ventricle and aortic) was used in all of the patients. Patch closure was preferred for defect closure. In three patients with AI, valve replacement was necessary. Two patients with endocarditis in New York Heart Association classes III-IV underwent urgent operation. RESULTS: The patient with annular narrowing was the only in-hospital death due to severe infection. The survivors were followed up for 85 months (range: 6-156 months). In two patients with Marfan's syndrome reoperation was necessary. All the surviving patients were asymptomatic with no unfavourable consequences. CONCLUSIONS: Although SVA can be treated successfully with low operative risk, the factors that influence patient outcome include infective endocarditis, Marfan's syndrome and the preoperative functional status of the patient.     

Ruptured congenital aneurysm of the sinus of valsalva in the aged

Ruptured aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva is a rare cardiac lesion. A ruptured aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva in the right ventricle of a 64-year-old man was successfully repaired. The patient was admitted to the hospital with high fever and chest oppression. Diagnosis was made by two dimensional echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, and cardiac angiography. An aortotomy, main pulmonary arteriotomy, and right ventriculotomy were performed. There was no VSD, and the aneurysm originated from the right coronary sinus, rupturing into the right ventricle inlet portion. The ruptured aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva was closed with a Dacron patch from inside the aorta. He is doing well after surgery. There was no heart murmur. CTR decreased and pulmonary blood flow fell to a normal value. As far as we know, this patient is the second oldest patient in Japan with surgical repair.     

Ruptured aneurysms of the sinus of Valsalva.

From 1969 to 1989, 15 patients with an aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva underwent operative correction. This represents 0.23% of 6515 cardiac operations with cardiopulmonary bypass during that time. There were 8 males and 7 females ranging in age from 15 to 54 years (mean 35.8 years). Symptoms of congestive heart failure, fatigue and palpitation were common. All patients underwent cardiac catheterization including aortography. Associated lesions included aortic valve regurgitation in 6 patients and a ventricular septal defect in 3 patients. The following connections occurred: right coronary sinus to right ventricle (8 patients), right coronary sinus to both right atrium and right ventricle (1 patient), and noncoronary sinus to right atrium (6 patients). The aneurysm was repaired via aortotomy or through the chamber into which it emptied. The aortic valve was replaced in 2 patients. There were no early or late postoperative deaths. Fourteen patients were in NYHA functional class I at late follow-up (range 0.5 to 20.5 years, mean 8.7 years). There have been no recurrences. Our experience supports the concept that early surgical intervention in patients with ruptured aneurysms of the sinus of Valsalva is justified.     

Ruptured sinus of valsalva aneurysm: a Beijing experience

BACKGROUND: Ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (RSVA) is relatively common in oriental patients. We retrospectively analyzed 67 patients receiving repair of RSVA in a Beijing hospital over 5 years. METHODS: Between October 1, 1996 and September 30, 2001, at Fu Wai Hospital, 67 patients with RSVA underwent surgical repair, 0.78% of all congenital open-heart operations. Forty-four were male and 23 female. Age ranged from 2 to 57 years old (mean 32 +/- 10 years). The RSVA originated in the right (n = 52) or noncoronary (n = 15) sinus. Rupture into the right ventricle was most common (n = 39) with 26 going to the right atrium and two to the left ventricle. Associated cardiovascular lesions were ventricular septal defect (n = 32) and aortic valve incompetence (n = 12). Repair was achieved through an incision in the cardiac chamber of the fistula exit in 61 patients. Aortotomy was used in three patients and both routes were used in three patients. The sinus of Valsalva was repaired with either a patch (n = 63) or direct sutures (n = 4). The aortic valve was replaced in 12 patients. RESULTS: All but 1 patient (n = 66) survived the 30-day operative interval. One patient died of an anticoagulation complication 2 months after the operation. Late complications included residual shunt (n = 2), peri-prosthetic leakage (n = 1), and aortic incompetence (n = 1). CONCLUSIONS: In this relatively high-risk population, repair of RSVA can be achieved with satisfactory early results.