内窥镜下颈椎间盘切除及椎体间植骨融合术

目的:探讨内窥镜下颈椎间盘切除及椎体间植骨融合术治疗颈椎疾患的疗效。方法:经内窥镜颈椎间盘切除及植骨术治疗颈椎疾病25例,包括脊髓型颈椎病17例,神经根型颈椎病3例,交感型颈椎病2例及外伤性颈椎间盘突出症3例。结果:本组患者颈部手术出血平均80ml,18例获10~46个月(平均27个月)随访,植骨全部融合,脊髓和神经根压迫症状改善满意,除1例出现术后植骨块移位外,未见其它合并症。结论:经内窥镜下颈椎间盘切除及植骨融合术是一种创伤小、安全、可靠的手术技术,适合于颈椎间盘突出症及部分颈椎病的治疗。     

气管插管对颈椎的影响

背景麻醉医师在气管内插管和其他气道管理操作时都常规涉及到颈部,这些操作对颈椎运动的影响,特别是对颈椎损伤患者的颈椎及神经的影响,是麻醉医师值得重视的问题。 目的简述颈椎解剖结构和各种操作对颈椎运动的影响,从而更好地指导临床工作以及提高麻醉的安全性。 内容从颈椎解剖、颈椎运动、气管内插管时的颈椎活动、插管辅助设备对颈...     

Cervical spine disorders in farm workers requiring neck extension actions

Background Cervical extension is considered a risk factor for provoking radicular and spinal cord compromise. However, there have been no reports on the relation between extension strain (ES) and cervical spine disorders: degenerative cervical spine disorders, dynamic canal stenosis (DCS), and cervical myelopathy. We performed a cross-sectional study to investigate the relation. Methods Orthopedic examinations were performed on 177 grape-growers (ES-exposed group) and 191 eggplant-growers (control group) between May and August 2000; and patients with degenerative cervical spine disorders, DCS, and cervical myelopathy were identified in the two groups. ES, degenerative cervical spine disorders, DCS, and cervical myelopathy were regarded as exposure variables; and age, sex, and working years were regarded as confounders. In cases where the subject was exposed to each exposure variable, multivariate-adjusted odds ratios to degenerative cervical spine disorders, DCS, and cervical myelopathy and multivariate-adjusted odds ratios regarding cervical myelopathy as the dependent variable were calculated by unconditional logistic regression analysis. Results Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed a significant odds ratio of ES to degenerative cervical spine disorders [2.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.62–4.56]. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed significant odds ratios for DCS (4.50, 95% CI 2.03–9.96) and age (1.07, 95% CI 1.01–1.14) regarding cervical myelopathy as the dependent variable. Conclusions These findings suggested that ES of the cervical spine is a risk factor for degenerative cervical spine disorders, and DCS and the aging process are risk factors for cervical myelopathy.     

颈椎曲度的测量方法及其临床意义

颈椎曲度的测量是临床上评价颈椎功能的基本方法和确定治疗方案的重要参考指标,然而针对不同情况下如何选择合适的测量方法,以及各测量方法间的相关性研究尚不充分.越来越多的研究表明,使用不同的测量方法可直接影响颈椎异常曲度的判断.因此,通过颈椎曲度测量方法的比较研究,对不同颈椎曲度条件下颈椎病变的临床治疗有着重要的意义.     

颈肋综合征13例分析

目的探讨颈肋综合征的特点和治疗方法。方法回顾分析13例颈肋综合征的临床表现、手术探查所见和手术方法。本组臂丛下干受压型8例,臂丛中、下干受压型3例,全臂丛受压型2例。13例均有下颈部肿块,全部采用手术治疗。术中见不完整颈肋4例,完整颈肋7例,颈肋由两个节段组成2例;同时合并前、中、小斜角肌异常和纤维索带,共同构成对臂丛特别是下干的卡压。结果随访6个月～5年3个月,手术疗效优6例,良5例,可2例。结论颈肋综合征和颈肋两者内涵不同。颈肋可分为横突增长、不完整颈肋、完整颈肋和特殊形态等4种。而臂丛下干支配区的运动和感觉障碍以及下颈部肿块是颈肋综合征的重要特点,臂丛下干受压型是其主要临床类型。手术是主要的治疗措施,应将颈肋等卡压组织逐一切除或切断。建议将颈肋综合征作为胸廓出口综合征的特殊类型加以研究。     

颈前路减压钛网带锁钢板重建对颈椎损伤和颈椎病作用的评价

目的评价运用颈椎前路减压钛网加带锁钢板内固定治疗颈椎伤病的临床效果.方法从2000年1月-2000年6月,运用钛网植骨、带锁钢板内固定重建技术,治疗17例颈椎损伤和颈椎病的病人.结果随访6～28个月,术后JOA评分改善平均13.6分.结论钛网加带锁钢板固定对颈椎伤病有良好固定作用,避免取髂骨,可显著提高植骨融合率,有效地维持椎间高度和生理曲度,有利于颈椎伤病患者的神经功能恢复和尽早行走.     

The effect of the thermoplastic Minerva body jacket on cervical spine motion

In order to determine the extent of cervical spine immobilization provided by the thermoplastic Minerva body jacket (TMBJ) 20 healthy male subjects underwent analysis of cervical spine motion before and after TMBJ placement. Maximal cervical flexion/extension and lateral bending were measured from lateral and anteroposterior roentgenograms, respectively. Maximal cervical rotation was measured from overhead photographs. The TMBJ significantly limited flexion/extension at each level of the cervical spine, as well as rotation and lateral bending (P less than 0.001). Flexion/extension at each cervical level was found to be equal to that allowed by the halo with body jacket at most levels and less at the occiput-C1, C3-C4, and C6-C7 (as reported in studies using similar methodology). The present study suggest that the thermoplastic Minerva body jacket is a valuable option for rigid external immobilization of the cervical spine.     

Cervical spine trauma in children and adults: perioperative considerations

A wide spectrum of cervical spine injuries, including stable and unstable injuries with and without neurologic compromise, account for a large percentage of emergency department visits. Effective treatment of the polytrauma patient with cervical spine injury requires knowledge of cervical spine anatomy and the pathophysiology of spinal cord injury, as well as techniques for cervical spine stabilization, intraoperative positioning, and airway management. The orthopaedic surgeon must oversee patient care and coordinate treatment with emergency department physicians and anesthesia services in both the acute and subacute settings. Children are particularly susceptible to substantial destabilizing cervical injuries and must be treated with a high degree of caution. The surgeon must understand the unique anatomic and biomechanical properties associated with the pediatric cervical spine as well as injury patterns and stabilization techniques specific to this patient population.     

中医综合治疗上颈段颈椎病65例疗效观察

目的探讨上颈段颈椎病中医综合治疗的临床疗效。方法从2008年4月至2009年3月,共治疗上颈段颈椎病患者65例,按就诊顺序随机分为三组,手法加牵引组、手法组和西药组分别进行治疗。治疗前、后对患者颈部疼痛、上肢痛麻、头痛头晕、交感神经症状及颈椎活动进行评分,对三组的疗效进行评价。结果手法加牵引组、手法组能显著改善颈部疼痛、上肢痛麻、头痛头晕、交感神经症状以及颈椎活动受限症状,而西药组能显著改善颈部疼痛、头痛头晕、颈椎活动受限症状,而对上肢痛麻、交感神经症状改善不明显。手法加牵引组总有效率87.5%,手法组总有效率78.2%,西药组总有效率72.2%。结论手法结合颈椎牵引治疗上颈段颈椎病,能明显改善颈部疼痛、头痛头晕和颈椎活动障碍,能纠正上肢疼痛麻木以及视力模糊、目胀、耳鸣、多汗、胸闷不适等交感神经症状,是防治颈椎病的有效手段。     

大鼠颈椎病实验模型的设计与建立

目的：建立一种理想的颈椎病实验模型。方法：３０只大鼠随机分为实验模型组与对照组,每组１５只。实验模型组借助手术方法直接切除大鼠颈背部伸肌群,对照组行伪手术。造模术后２月、４月、６月选择实验模型组、对照组大鼠各５只,取其颈椎（Ｃ３～７）作组织形态学观察,并相互比较。结果：实验模型组大鼠颈椎间盘退变较对照组明显加快、加重,出现与人类颈椎病相类似的病理改变。结论：颈部肌肉软组织即动力平衡因素在颈椎病发病机理中意义重大。     

颈椎动力平衡失调大鼠椎间盘蛋白多糖的观察

目的探明颈椎动力平衡失调对颈椎间盘退变的影响乃至在颈椎病发病机制中的作用。方法选择了２０只ＳＤ大鼠,通过手术直接损伤其颈背部浅层、深层及全层肌群,建立了大鼠颈椎动力平衡失调程度不同的动物模型,６月后观察各造模组颈椎间盘内蛋白多糖量的变化,并与对照组相比较。结果大鼠颈椎动力平衡失调可影响颈椎间盘内蛋白多糖的代谢,加速其降低,依颈椎动力平衡失调程度不同而有差异,影响程度由轻至重依次为深层、浅层、全层肌群损伤组。结论颈椎动力平衡失调可加速颈椎间盘退变,并在颈椎病发病机制及防治中意义重大     

Roentgenological study of antero-posterior diameter in developmental canal stenosis of cervical spine

Developmental canal stenosis of the cervical spine is an important underlying condition of cervical spondylotic myelopathy. However, the criteria of the degree of narrowing is different among investigators and their rationales are unclear. To clarify this point, the antero-posterior diameter of the cervical spinal canal was measured in groups of normal subjects, patients with neck-shoulder-arm syndrome and cervical spondylosis. The measured values were analyzed statistically. The antero-posterior diameter was the widest in normal individuals and the narrowest in patients with the cervical spondylotic myelopathy. The point of differentiation of developmental canal stenosis was determined as 14 mm for males and 13 mm for females using the mean +/- 2SD of the values in normal subjects. Patients with values lower than this criteria comprised 82% of those with the cervical spondylotic myelopathy. These patients could be further classified into those that also showed clear cervical spondylotic changes and those that did not.     

颈椎后路单开门联合前路选择性减压融合治疗多节段钳夹型脊髓型颈椎病的临床疗效

目的探讨颈椎后路译开门联合前路选择性减压融合治疗多节段钳夹型脊髓型颈椎病的临床疗效。方法回顾分析2009—03—2012-06我科收治的24例钳夹型脊髓型颈椎病患者的资料,对比分析术前,末次随访．10A评分并观察颈部症状和活动情况。结果术前JOA评分平均8．7分,末次随访JOA评分平均14．9分．改善率74．4％,术后CT片示：植骨愈合良好,柞管矢状径明显扩大,MRI示脊髓受压解除。结论对于多节段钳夹型脊髓型颈椎病施行一期前后联合减压融合手术治疗疗效满意。     

椎间隙高度在颈前路融合术中的研究进展

颈前路融合术是国内外脊柱外科工作者在手术治疗颈椎疾病的首选方式,其治疗颈椎退行性疾病、创伤及肿瘤等各种颈椎疾病的效果显著。颈椎前路融合术中需要使用撑开器对患椎间隙进行适当撑开,以充分暴露、解除致压因素,恢复病变节段的生理高度、曲度及稳定性,达到最佳的手术效果,但目前对于颈椎前路手术中患椎间隙的标准撑开高度尚无共识。本文将从椎间隙高度与颈椎间盘退变机制关系、术中椎间隙高度选择及椎间隙高度与术后效果等3个维度对椎间隙高度在颈前路融合术中的研究进展进行综述,以期为脊柱外科医师在术中行椎间撑开时提供理论依据及参考。     

Cervical elongation caused by big cervical fibroid resembling malignant cervical prolapse? Management via vaginal surgery

IntroductionCervical elongation could lead to cervical elongation thus worsen the descent of uterine prolapse. In certain cases, this hypertrophic and hyperplastic mass could have fragile surface with some bleeding and necrotic, resembling cervical cancer. As case of cervical elongation due to cervical fibroid is quite rare, such cases are valuable to be reported. We present two cases of cervical fibroid with cervical elongation resembling cervical malignancy.Presentation of caseFirst case was A 59-year-old lady with intractable vaginal mass since one day before admission. Bleeding from the mass was positive. We found a bulky vaginal mass exceeding hymenal ring, 14 × 7 × 6 cm sized, with some necrotic and discharge, foul smelling, and some bleeding area. Ultrasound evaluation revealed a cervical fibroid with differential diagnosis cervical malignancy. The second case was Mrs 53-year-old with vaginal mass since last year. For the last 7 months the mass has been bigger and could not be inserted into vagina, with some bleeding. We found globular vaginal mass 12 × 9 × 6 cm exceeding hymenal ring, with some necrotic and reddish surface, foul smelling, discharge, and some blood. Ultrasound evaluation revealed cervical mass on anterior lip with elongated cervices. Both cases have been menopaused. As the clinical presentation resembling malignancy, we did biopsy. The biopsy results were no evidence of malignancy, then we did Manchester fothergill, and colporaphy as needed.DiscussionLength between internal to external cervical ostium ≥ 5 cm correlated to cervical elongation. Growing cervical mass could drag the cervix, predisposing to cervical elongation and prolapse. Cervical fibroids protruded through vagina was usually pedunculated. But in our cases, the fibroids were not pedunculated but manifested as a bulky mass on the cervical tissue with some bleeding and necrotics, mimicking cervical malignancy. The most important initial management besides ultrasound evaluation was mass biopsy.ConclusionIn such cervical fibroids with cervical elongation resembling cervical malignancy, biopsy is compulsory to determine the diagnosis and to lead the management.     

Cervical anterior transpedicular screw fixation. Part I: Study on morphological feasibility,indications, and technical prerequisites

Multilevel cervical spine procedures can challenge the stability of current anterior cervical screw-and-plate systems, particularly in cases of severe three-column subaxial cervical spine injuries and multilevel plated reconstructions in osteoporotic bone. Supplemental posterior instrumentation is therefore recommended to increase primary construct rigidity and diminish early failure rates. The increasing number of successfully performed posterior cervical pedicle screw fixations have enabled more stable fixations, however most cervical pathologies are located anteriorly and preferably addressed by an anterior approach. To combine the advantages of the anterior approach with the superior biomechanical characteristics of cervical pedicle screw fixation, the authors developed a new concept of a cervical anterior transpedicular screw-and-plate system. An in vivo anatomical study was performed to explore the feasibility of anterior transpedicular screw fixation (ATPS) in the cervical spine. The morphological study was conducted based on 29 cervical spine CT scans from healthy patients and measurements were performed on the pedicle sizes, angulations, vertebral body depth, height and width at C2 to T1. Significant morphologic parameters for the new technique are discussed. These parameters include the sagittal and transverse intersection points of the pedicle axis with the anterior vertebral body wall, as well as the distances between sagittal intersection points from C2 to T1. On the basis of these results, standard spine models were reconstructed and used for the conceptual development of a preclinical release prototype of an anterior transpedicular screw-and-plate system. The morphological feasibility of the new technique is demonstrated, and its indications, biomechanical considerations, as well as surgical prerequisites are thoroughly discussed. In the future, the technique of cervical anterior transpedicular screw fixation might diminish the number of failures in the reconstruction of multilevel and three-column cervical spine instabilities, and avoid the need for supplemental posterior instrumentation.     

颈脊髓压迫与脊髓空洞症的形成和临床研究

[目的]探讨颈椎间盘突出症和颈椎病引起脊髓严重受压于减压后脊髓空洞症的形成机理。[方法]观察46例颈椎间盘突出症和颈椎病的脊髓严重受压在减压后随访观察3.5～8.8a，行MRI4～21次分析观察。[结果]发现2例减压后9～27个月MRI显示受压段脊髓呈脊髓空洞样改变。[结论]慢性严重颈脊髓压迫减压后，有可能形成脊髓空洞症。     

Cervical alignment,range of motion,and instability after cervical laminoplasty

It has been reported that flexibility of the neck decreases after cervical laminoplasty. It also is known that kyphosis can be an unfavorable result after posterior decompression surgery of the cervical spine. To examine whether a decrease in cervical mobility resulting from contracture of the cervical spine helps prevent postoperative kyphotic alignment, changes in radiographic findings after cervical expansive laminoplasty were evaluated. There was a strong correlation postoperatively between range of motion of the cervical spine and cervical lordotic alignment, namely, the more that cervical mobility was maintained, the more that cervical lordosis was preserved. This relationship was not found preoperatively. A postoperative increase in the number of unstable vertebrae was found only in a few patients and was not associated with any deterioration in clinical outcome. The current results suggest that postoperative cervical lordosis is preserved not through intervertebral soft tissue contracture or bony fusion, but through more dynamic factors such as muscles or ligaments, therefore implicating the importance of early removal of cervical orthosis and early postoperative rehabilitation.     

Cervical spinal canal narrowing and cervical neurological injuries

Cervical spinal canal narrowing can lead to injury of the spinal cord and neurological symptoms including neck pain,headache,weakness and parasthesisas.According to previous and recent clinical researc...     

颈椎前路减压植骨钛板内固定治疗颈脊髓损伤

目的评价颈椎前路减压植骨内固定治疗颈椎骨折合并颈脊髓损伤的临床疗效。方法对215例颈椎骨折合并颈脊髓损伤的患者施行颈椎前路减压、自体髂骨植骨和颈椎带锁钛板内固定术。术后定期复查X线片,判定脊髓功能恢复情况。结果随访184例患者,平均随访时间3．5年。术后3个月植骨块获得骨性愈合,颈椎椎间高度和生理曲度维持满意,无内置物并发症,172例患者神经功能提高1～2级,仅12例A级患者神经功能无恢复。结论颈椎骨折合并颈脊髓损伤应尽早行前路减压、植骨、钛板内固定术,有利于脊髓功能恢复,能使损伤节段获得即刻、坚强的稳定,方便护理和功能锻炼。