Lipid and Lipoprotein Ratios as Risk Factors of Atherosclerosis in Patients with Chronic Renal Insufficiency (CRI)

The serum levels of lipids, apolipoproteins and lipoprotein ratios in 19 healthy persons and 20 patients with uraemia not dialyzed were determined. Based on creatinine level the patients were divided into two groups: L (serum creatinine 2–5 mg/dl) and H (serum creatinine 5–10 mg/dl).Dyslipoproteinaemia in uraemic patients is already manifested in the early stages of the disease through its abnormal apolipoproteins rather than lipid profile and it suggests a high risk of atherosclerosis.     

Chronic Renal Insufficiency and Risk of Early Mortality in Patients Undergoing Carotid Endarterectomy

We compared early outcome after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in patients (n = 857 with 1,011 CEA interventions) with and without chronic renal insufficiency (CRI). Two groups were compared: a group with normal renal function (n = 909) and a group with CRI (creatinine ≥1.5 mg/dL and clearance of ≤30 mL/min, as well as dialysis and transplant patients, n = 102). Mean age was significantly higher in CRI patients (71.22 vs. 68.33 years, p = 0.001). The incidence of smokers was 53.9% in the non-CRI group vs. 39.2% in CRI patients (p = 0.005). Hypertension (88.2% vs. 75.1, p = 0.003) and cardiac disease (58.8% vs. 47.4%, p = 0.029) were more common in the CRI group. The perioperative mortality rate was significantly higher in CRI patients (3.9% vs. 1.0%, p = 0.013). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between CRI and 30-day death rate (odds ratio = 3.76, p = 0.032). In this series, CRI patients presented an increased mortality. The mortality risk may be related to the increased rates of preoperative hypertension and coronary disease and perioperative myocardial infarction. A more reserved attitude seems indicated in planning CEA for patients with renal dysfunction in combination with a history of coronary artery disease.     

慢性肾衰竭透析住院患者合并感染的临床分析

目的:了解慢性肾衰竭透析住院患者合并感染发生情况,以探讨其感染特点。方法:回顾性调查2004年～2005年间慢性肾衰竭透析患者住院病史,分别收集并统计血液透析和腹膜透析合并感染患者的临床资料。结果:调查透析患者病史400份,合并感染181例次。血透感染患者中肺部感染居首位,占54.9%,真菌、革兰阴性菌为主;其次是血流感染及尿路感染,分别占15%和13.5%,均以革兰阳性菌为主。肺部感染临床情况复杂,血流感染发生大多与临时深静脉插管或永久导管相关,尿路感染中无症状菌尿占多数。腹透患者肺部感染居首位占50.5%,革兰阴性菌居多;其次是腹膜炎占23.2%,以革兰阳性菌为主。且在腹透患者中发现了2例结核感染。两组中复数菌感染和多部位感染均超过20%,且病情严重,预后往往不佳。结论:透析患者合并感染发生率高,感染特点:感染种类及病原菌组成复杂,肺部感染最常见,其次分别为血流感染和腹膜炎。临床医生需高度重视预防并采取有效治疗措施。     

Contemporary Analysis of Outcomes following Lower Extremity Bypass in Patients with End-stage Renal Disease

This study was designed to compare outcomes following infrainguinal bypass between patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and patients with normal renal function (NRF). Sixty-three patients with ESRD undergoing 78 infrainguinal bypasses from 1990 to 1999 were compared with a concurrent group of 132 age-, race-, and gender-matched patients with NRF undergoing 148 bypasses. Limb salvage and survival were calculated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Markov decision analysis was used to calculate expected quality-adjusted life years (QALY) with intervention. Mean follow-up was 25 months (range 1-116). The results of our study show that infrainguinal bypass in patients with ESRD and tissue necrosis appears to provide a measurable, but marginal, degree of improvement in quality of life.     

肾功能不全者心脏手术后的疗效分析

目的：分析合并肾功能不全心脏病人行体外循环心内直视手术的疗效。方法：４３例术前心功能Ⅱ级７例,Ⅲ级１８例,Ⅳ级１８例病人,行先天性心脏病手术５例,瓣膜替换术３６例,冠状动脉搭桥术２例。术前肾功能不全为轻度者３４例,中度５例,重度４例。结果：术后肾功能正常１８例,轻度不全４例,中度７例,重度１４例。