Suppressive activity of bone marrow cells from patients with stomach cancer. Effect of prostaglandins, transforming growth factor-β, and nitric oxide

It is shown that nonadhesive bone marrow cells from patients with stomach cancer suppress phytohemagglutinin-stimulated proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy donors and proliferation of Molt-4-human lymphoma cellsin vitro. Suppressive activity of bone marrow cells from cancer patients is not mediated through prostaglandin secretion, since indomethacin has no effect on it. Addition of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to transforming growth factor-2₁, 2₂, and 2₃ partially reduces this suppressive effect. Suppressive effect of bone marrow cells from patients with stomach cancer is partially mediated through production of nitric oxide, since the inhibitor of its synthesis N⁹-monomethyl-L-arginine diminishes the inhibiting effect of bone marrow cells from cancer patients on phytohemagglutinin-stimulated proliferation of peripheral blood T cells from healthy donors. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 125, No. 2, pp. 217–220, February, 1998     

Peculiarities of changes in the rate of cholesterol synthesis in lymphocytes and lipid and lipoprotein peripheral blood levels in patients with ischemic heart disease and hypercholesterolemia in the course of combined treatment with lovastatin and obsidan

It is shown that the level of total serum cholesterol dropped and the rate of cholesterol synthesis in lymphocytes remained unchanged after 12 months of lovastatin treatment (20 mg/day) in patients with coronary heart disease. The administration of lovastatin abolished the deleterious effect of obsidan on the blood lipid spectrum. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, No 3, pp. 248–251, March, 1994 Presented by A. I. Archakov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Is the abnormal reaction of lymphocytes of patients with atopic bronchial asthma to adenosine a component of pathogenesis or a compensatory reaction?

After a 30-min incubation in the presence of adenosine, the suppressor activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy subjects decreases as well as the count of CD4⁺ cells, while the count of CD8⁺ cells increases. The suppressor activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with atopic bronchial asthma and the count of CD8⁺ cells increase after a 16-h incubation with adenosine, while a 30-min incubation enhances the expression of CD4 antigen. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 10, pp. 474–477, October, 1996     

Androstenedione conversion in human peripheral blood lymphocytes

The ability of human peripheral blood lymphocytes to convert the androgenic steroid metabolite androstenedione diminishes in women over 45 years old or during menopause. In patients with breast cancer in menopause the ability of lymphocytes to convert androstenedione is enhanced compared with the control. The intensity of conversion in circulating lymphocytes correlates with the blood concentration of sex steroids. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 5, pp. 517–519, May, 1994 Presented by A. N. Klimov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Use of superficial markers for estimation of the intensity of immunological process in multiple sclerosis

The surface phenotype of peripheral blood lymphocytes was studied in patients with different stages of multiple sclerosis and in healthy donors. There was no differences in the CD3⁺, CD5⁺, and CD8⁺ lymphocyte counts, while the count of CD4⁺ lymphocytes was slightly higher in patients with clinically active disease, i.e., with pronounced neurological symptoms. At the same time, the CD25⁺ lymphocyte count was considerably higher predominantly in patients with severe multiple sclerosis. It is suggested that the count of CD25⁺ lymphocytes can be used to determine the stage of multiple sclerosis. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 124, No. 9, pp. 342–345, September, 1997     

Characterization of benzodiazepine receptors of human lymphocytes

It is demonstrated that benzodiazepine binding sites on human peripheral blood lymphocytes are the peripheral type receptors. The binding sites for the selective agonist³H-Ro 5-4864, but not for the antagonist³H-PK 11195, are completely inactivated by freezing-thawing of lymphocytes. The binding of³H-Ro 5-4864 to intact lymphocytes is activated by GABA and (+)baclofen. It is shown that the selective ligands Ro 5-4864 and PK 11195 bind to different subtypes of benzodiazepine receptors on human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 126, No. 10, pp. 405–408, October, 1998     

Determination of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate in human lymphocytes is a potential laboratory test in diabetology

The conventional micromethod of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (F-2,6-P₂) determination is optimized for human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The F-2,6-P₂ content in lymphocytes of healthy subjects is 0.8±0.2 pmol/10⁶ cells or 6.7±1.1 pmol/mg protein. Preliminary findings show a decrease in the F-2,6-P₂ content in lymphocytes from patients with severe diabetes mellitus. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 9, pp. 341–344, September, 1996     

Possible pathways of circulation of human endogenous retrovirus similar to mouse mammary tumor virus

It is shown that polypeptides which are immunologically related to gp52 mammary tumor virus are found in T and B peripheral blood lymphocytes in all breast cancer patients, in children with B-cell lymphosarcomas, and in B lymphocytes of some healthy donors. These proteins are not found in patients with tumors of other sites. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 11, pp.554–556, November, 1995 Presented by Yu. N. Solov'ev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of purine antagonists on the cAMP level in lymphocytes and bone marrow lymphoblasts

The effect of the purine receptor ligands N-ethylcarboxamide adenine and adenosine and of the purine antagonists mercaptopurine and azathioprine on the intracellular cAMP content in human peripheral blood lymphocytes and bone marrow lymphoblasts was studied. All preparations tested induced an increase in the cAMP level in peripheral blood lymphocytes. The selective immunosuppressive effect of adenosine antagonists may be due to their ability to modulate the activity of adenylate cyclase in lymphoid cells. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o . 3, pp. 294–296, March, 1995     

Megakaryocyte colony-forming units in peripheral blood of patients with hyperlipoproteinemia

Megakaryocyte colony-forming units with high proliferative activity (6–7 mitoses) were detected in peripheral blood of patients with type IIa and IIb hyperlipoproteinemia. These cells are present in 30–40% patients, their occurrence being higher in patients with type IIb hyperlipoproteinemia. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 126, No. 8, pp. 221–224, August, 1998     

Effect of autologous sera on mitogenic stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes of mini-pigs chronically intoxicated with alcohol

There are no statistically significant differences in the stimulation index for purified lymphocytes of control mini-pigs and mini-pigs with chronic alcohol intoxication. Autologous sera of control and experimental animals strongly suppress mitogen-induced blast transformation of lymphocytes without death of these cells. There are no statistically significant intergroup differences in the absolute number (per mm³) of T lymphocytes in peripheral blood. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 7, pp. 89–91, July, 1994 Presented by N. K. Permyakov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of some cholinergic substances on spontaneous immunoglobulin E production by mononuclear cells of the peripheral blood in hay fever patients

The effect of carbachol, forskolin, and cycloheximide on IgE biosynthesis is studied in hay fever patients. The effect of carbachol is noted only for significant synthesis of IgEde novo. The administration of forskolin causes the inhibition of both IgE and IgG spontaneous production, while subsequent administration of carbachol neutralizes this effect. Whende novo IgE synthesis is absent, the degradation of IgE in the culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells decreases significantly in the presence of cycloheximide. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 5, pp. 508–509, May, 1994     

Ultraviolet photomodification of the functional state of leukocytes under conditions of experimental endotoxemia

Ultraviolet irradiation of peripheral blood in therapeutic doses corrects the immuno-suppressive effect of staphylococcal toxin. The main immunoregulatory effect of ultraviolet irradiation is associated with the production of endogenous immune transmitters by blood cells such as interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor. Ultraviolet irradiation increases the content of CD3⁺ and CD4⁺ lymphocytes and restores the natural killer activity. The last parameter is proposed as a convenient criterion of the efficiency of quantum hemotherapy. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 123, No. 6, pp. 687–689, June, 1997     

Effect of recombinant interleukin-4 on immunoglobulin synthesis in a culture of mononuclear cells isolated from human peripheral blood

The effect of recombinant interleukin-4 on the synthesis of immunoglobulins is studied in a culture of mononuclear cells isolated from peripheral blood of healthy donors and patients with hay fever. It is shown that interleukin-4 stimulates production of IgE in cells of healthy donors, but not of hay fever patients, and does not affect the synthesis of other isotypes in either group. At the same time, increased cell proliferation under the influence of interleukin-4 was observed in cultured cells of both healthy donors and patients. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 10, pp. 426–428, October, 1994 Institute of Pulmonology, Ministry of Health, Moscow. (Presented by D. S. Sarkisov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences)     

Leukocyte kinetics in the blood of mice with alloxan-induced diabetes

An autoradiographic kinetic study of neutrophilic leukocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes from the peripheral blood of male BALB/c mice with subacute diabetes induced by alloxan showed that the diabetes was accompanied by moderate neutrophilic leukocytosis, monocytopenia, depressed monocytopoiesis, prolonged circulation times of neutrophils and monocytes, and a shortened circulation time of lymphocytes. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 7, pp. 33–35, July, 1995 Presented by M. A. Medvedev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences.     

Altered activity of respiratory chain enzymes in mitochondria of peripheral blood lymphocytes after irradiation in rats

The effect of ionizing radiation on the activity of succinate dehydrogenase (complex II) and succinate-cytochrome C-oxidoreductase in peripheral blood lymphocytes is studied on rats exposed to whole-body γ-irradiation in doses of 9.5–10.5 Gy. On day 5 after irradiation, when the number of lymphocytes is sharply reduced, enzyme activity in the remaining population is found to be reliably increased. These changes are not related to biological cycles. It is assumed that most of the survivors after high-dose irradiation are the cell populations maintaining a high level of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Giologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o . 8, pp. 158–159, August, 1995 Presented by D. S. Sarkisov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Inhibition of mitogen-stimulated proliferation of human lymphocytesin vitro by synthetic peptide fragments of α-2 interferon

Human α-2 interferon and peptides representing parts of the amino-acid sequence 124–138 of the IF molecule inhibit the proliferative response of peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy donorsin vitro induced by ConA. It is shown that neither interferon α-2 nor biologically active peptides change the level of interleukin-2 ConA-induced production by human blood mononuclears. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 1, pp. 72–74, January, 1994 Presented by I. P. Ashmarin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of activation of Ca2+, Mg2+-dependent endonuclease on proliferative response of human peripheral blood lymphocytes

Activity of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺-dependent endonuclease in human peripheral blood mononuclears is studied. Intact cells exhibit extremely low activity of the enzyme. Treatment with the synthetic hexapeptide imunofan considerably stimulates endonuclease activity in mononuclears. This activation does not depend on additional protein synthesis. An 1-h incubation in the presence of cycloheximide also activates Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺-dependent endonuclease. These data suggest that imunofant and/or cycloheximide activate the apoptotic cascade. This leads to activation of endonuclease, which is not synthesizedde novo but persists in the cell in the form of inactive precursor. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 123, No. 5, pp. 535–537, May, 1997     

In vitro anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody synthesis by myasthenia gravis patient lymphocytes: Correlations with thymic histology and thymic epithelial-cell interactions

In vitro anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody (anti-AChR Ab) production by peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and thymic lymphocytes was investigated in 52 patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). There was a positive correlation betweenin vitro anti-AChR Ab synthesis andin vivo titers. A relationship between the rates of synthesis by PBL and histological abnormalities of the thymus was also observed. Patients with hyperplastic thymus tended to produce the largest amountsin vitro, while those with an involuted thymus produced little or none. Production in thymoma patients is likely to correlate with the histological nature of the thymus associated with the tumor.In vitro Ab synthesis was modulated by the depletion of a cell subset for half of the patients tested. Finally, anti-AChR Ab production by thymocytes but not by PBL is enhanced by the addition of autologous or allogeneic thymic epithelial cells, suggesting a possible role of thymic epithelial cells in the autosensitization against AChR occurring in the thymus.     

Energy metabolism in lymphocytes during bone tissue regeneration

Phasic changes in the activity of aerobic oxidative processes in blood lymphocytes during distraction of a limb are demonstrated on a model of distraction osteogenesis. The rate of cell respiration during a favorable course of regeneration increases at the end of the postoperative period, at the end of distraction, and during the 9th month after its completion. Unsuccessful regeneration is associated with more marked shifts of lymphocyte respiration. The described changes are related to activation of the function of lymphocytes participating in the regulation of regenerative processes. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 9, pp. 310–312, September, 1995 Presented by E. D. Gol'dberg, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences