卡莫氟固体脂质纳米粒的制备及工艺研究

目的:制备卡莫氟固体脂质纳米粒并考察其药剂性质。方法:采用高压均质法制备卡莫氟固体脂质纳米粒混悬液,以单因素考察和正交设计法筛选处方和工艺,并考察其形态、粒径、载药量及包封率。结果:优选出的较佳处方大豆卵磷脂、泊洛沙姆188、吐温-80和硬脂酸用量分别为8.0、12.0、1.0、7.5mg·mL-1;所制得的固体脂质纳米粒为圆整的实体粒子,表面光滑,平均粒径为78.7nm,载药量为23.47%,包封率为82.33%。结论:高压均质法可用于卡莫氟类脂溶性药物固体脂质纳米粒的制备。     

Box-Behnken效应面法优化姜黄素正负离子固体脂质纳米粒的处方

目的 采用Box-Behnken效应面法筛选姜黄素正负离子固体脂质纳米粒的最优处方.方法 采用乳化蒸发-低温固化法制备姜黄素的固体脂质纳米粒,以固体脂质的质量、卵磷脂的质量和混合表面活性剂为考察对象,以包封率和脂质载药量为考察指标,利用3因素3水平Box-Behnken效应面设计法筛选姜黄素固体脂质纳米粒的最优处方.结果 按最优处方制备固体脂质纳米粒的包封率为94.20％ ±2.55％、脂质载药量为3.49％±0.11％,平均粒径为194.9 ±12.0 nm,Zeta电位为-28.15 ±2.72 mV.结论 采用Box-Behnken效应面法优化姜黄素正负固体脂质纳米粒的处方是有效、可行的.     

人参皂苷Rd固体脂质纳米粒的制备

目的:制备人参皂苷Rd固体脂质纳米粒,并考察其理化性质。方法:从旋转薄膜-超声分散法、乳化蒸发-低温固化法、高剪切乳化超声法和高压乳匀法中优选出制备方法;在脂质、表面活性剂等辅料和主药用量的单因素考察基础上,采用正交试验设计,确定最佳处方组成和制备工艺条件;用凝胶柱色谱和HPLC法测定包封率,透射电镜观察形态,激光粒径分析仪测定粒径和Zeta电位。结果:脂质、表面活性剂、助表面活性剂和主药的用量对Rd固体脂质纳米粒的粒径、Zeta电位和包封率均有不同程度的影响。高压乳匀法适合制备Rd固体脂质纳米粒。纳米粒表面呈圆整的球状,大小相近,分散均匀;平均粒径为(102.7±27.0)nm,Zeta电位为(-44.9±9.5)mV,包封率和载药量分别为(81.8±2.6)%和(6.37±0.21)%(n=3)。纳米粒稳定性良好,在4℃下保存4周后,粒径和包封率变化不明显。结论:高压乳匀法适合制备人参皂苷Rd固体脂质纳米粒,工艺稳定可行。     

乳化蒸发法制备固体脂质纳米粒

目的：采用乳化蒸发法制备固体脂质纳米粒,并考察其载药性能。方法：对影响固体脂质纳米粒质量的工艺因素和处方因素进行考察和优化设计,得到最优处方。选用模型药物酮洛芬制备载药固体脂质纳米粒,考察其包封率和体外释放行为。结果：所得固体脂质纳米粒平均粒径为（228.2±18.1）nm,多分散系数为（0.217±0.022）,ξ电位为-（21.4±0.6）mV。载药固体脂质纳米粒最佳包封率为（64.1±3.3）%,体外释放行为符合Weibull模型。结论：采用乳化蒸发法制备固体脂质纳米粒是可行的。     

降香挥发油固体脂质纳米粒的制备工艺研究

目的研究降香挥发油固体脂质纳米粒制备中的主要影响因素。方法分别采用高压乳匀法和熔融 超声法制备了降香挥发油固体脂质纳米粒混悬液。以单因素考察和正交设计法研究制备工艺中影响降香挥发油固体脂质纳米粒质量的主要因素 ,筛选出较理想的处方和工艺。结果所得纳米粒为圆整的类球形实体粒子 ,表面光滑 ,平均粒径为 4 0 0nm和 34 5nm ,含药量为 72 11%和71 5 4 % ,包封率为 91 2 7%和 92 36 %。结论采用熔融 超声法制备降香挥发油固体脂质纳米粒实用性更强。     

超临界辅助喷雾法用于固体脂质纳米粒的制备

目的采用超临界辅助喷雾制粒法制备固体脂质纳米粒,并考察工艺与处方因素对纳米粒理化性质的影响。方法采用自制超临界喷雾制粒设备,制备硬脂酸脂质纳米粒,考察硬脂酸浓度、超临界流体CO2与载体溶液流量比、喷嘴孔径等对固体脂质纳米粒粒径的影响,筛选合适的处方工艺参数;以亲水性大分子药物胰岛素为模型药物,制备载药固体脂质纳米粒,评价纳米粒的粒径、电位、包封率、释放度等理化性质。结果制备得到的纳米粒粒径与载体浓度、超临界流体CO2与载体溶液流量比、喷嘴孔径有关,通过处方工艺的调节,可制得平均粒径〈300nm的固体脂质纳米粒;制得的胰岛素固体脂质纳米粒的平均粒径约300nm,包封率72．2％,载药量为3．44％,载药纳米粒在体外可实现12h缓慢释放;处方中加入泊洛沙姆可减小纳米粒粒径和粒度分布,但药物的包封率降低,并且突释现象更明显。结论超临界辅助喷雾制粒法可用于固体脂质纳米粒的制备,并能够对亲水性药物实现有效的包封和释放的调节。     

马钱子碱固体脂质纳米粒制备及质量评价

目的：以乳化蒸发-低温固化法制备马钱子碱固体脂质纳米粒并评价其质量。方法：在单因素考察的基础上以正交试验设计优化、筛选最佳处方。用透射电镜观察固体脂质纳米粒的形态,HPLC法测定马钱子碱固体脂质纳米粒的包封率,激光散射测定Zeta电位和粒度分布,并考察其稳定性。结果：所制固体脂质纳米粒外观形态圆整,平均粒径为116nm,Zeta电位为-29．98mv,包封率为50．7％,载药量为2．25％。4℃放置1个月,粒径、包封率无明显变化。结论：本研究制备的马钱子碱固体脂质纳米粒粒径分布窄,稳定性好,为开发马钱子碱低毒长效的制剂奠定了实验基础。     

酮洛芬固体脂质纳米粒的制备

目的：微乳法制备固体脂质纳米粒,以酮洛芬作为模型药物,考查其载药性能。方法：通过对空白微乳粒径和稳定性考查,确定优化处方,将其保温分散于冷水中制备固体脂质纳米粒。对影响其质量的工艺因素和处方因素进行考查和优化设计,筛选最优处方。结果：制备固体脂质纳米粒的直接影响因素包括脂质用量、药物的用量、冷水相温度和微乳保温温度等,所得固体脂质纳米粒的平均粒径（143.9±1.2）nm,多分散系数为0.443。载药固体脂质纳米粒包封率为81.47%,载药量为8.16%。结论：该法稳定可靠,可用于酮洛芬固体脂质纳米粒的制备。     

星点设计-效应面法优化穿心莲内酯固体脂质纳米粒处方

以高压均质法制备穿心莲内酯固体脂质纳米粒。采用星点设计考察药物与脂质材料(即单硬脂酸甘油酯与山嵛酸甘油酯的1∶1混合物)比例、卵磷脂与脂质材料比值及表面活性剂(吐温-80)浓度对包封率和载药量的影响,并对结果进行多元线性和二项式方程拟合,用效应面法预测最佳处方。结果表明,载药量的多元线性回归拟合方程具有良好的相关性,而包封率的二项式拟合方程优于多元线性回归拟合方程。优化处方为药脂比9%、卵磷脂与脂质材料比值为1.6、吐温-80浓度为3%。优化后固体脂质纳米粒的包封率和载药量分别为(91.0±0.9)%和(3.49±0.03)%,粒径为(286.3±8.0)nm,电位为(-20.6±0.2)mV。     

吡喹酮-硬脂酸固体脂质纳米粒的制备及性能评价

目的：制备吡喹酮-固体脂质纳米粒,考察其理化性质和体外释放度。方法：以硬脂酸为脂质材料,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为乳化剂,利用热熔乳化超声法制备吡喹酮-固体脂质纳米粒,扫描电镜观察纳米粒形态和均匀度,纳米粒度仪测定其粒径、分散指数、Zeta电位、包封率和载药量,并进行体外释放试验。结果：制备的固体脂质纳米粒为类圆球状,粒径分布较均匀、表面光滑。纳米的平均粒径、分散指数、电位、包封率和载药量分别为（316.5±22.8）nm、0.23±0.05、（-25.3±0.7）mV,（92.64±5.12）%和（18.45±1.34）%。药物在制剂的过程中稳定性良好。体外释放表明吡喹酮-硬脂酸固体脂质纳米粒在生理盐水中具有一定程度的突释和显著的缓释效果。结论：本试验制备的吡喹酮-硬脂酸固体脂质纳米粒具有较好的均匀度和高载药量,并具有良好的缓释性能。     

Hydrophilic coating of mitotane-loaded lipid nanoparticles: Preliminary studies for mucosal adhesion

The aim of the present work was to load mitotane, an effective drug for adrenocortical carcinoma treatment, in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC). The SLN and NLC were successfully prepared by high shear homogenization followed by hot high pressure homogenization. Formulations were composed of cetyl palmitate as the solid lipid for SLN, whereas for NLC PEGylated stearic acid was selected as solid lipid and medium chain triacylglycerols as the liquid lipid. Tween® 80 and Span® 85 were used as surfactants for all formulations. The particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index (PI), encapsulation efficiency (EE), and loading capacity (LC) were evaluated. The SLN showed a mean particle size of 150?nm, PI of 0.20, and surface charge ?10 mV, and the EE and LC could reach up to 92.26% and 0.92%, respectively. The NLC were obtained with a mean particle size of 250?nm, PI of 0.30, zeta potential ?15 mV and 84.50% EE, and 0.84% LC, respectively. Hydrophilic coating of SLN with chitosan or benzalkonium chloride was effective in changing zeta potential from negative to positive values. The results suggest that mitotane was efficiently loaded in SLN and in NLC, being potential delivery systems for improving mitotane LC and controlled drug release.     

Preparation and characterization of n-dodecyl-ferulate-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN)

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) containing a novel potential sunscreen n-dodecyl-ferulate (ester of ferulic acid) were developed. The preparation and stability parameters of n-dodecyl-ferulate-loaded SLN have been investigated concerning particle size, surface electrical charge (zeta potential) and matrix crystallinity. The chemical stability of n-dodecyl-ferulate at high temperatures was also assessed by thermal gravimetry analysis. For the selection of the appropriated lipid matrix, chemically different lipids were melted with 4% (m/m) of active and lipid nanoparticles were prepared by the so-called high pressure homogenization technique. n-Dodecyl-ferulate-loaded SLN prepared with cetyl palmitate showed the lowest mean particle size and polydispersity index, as well as the highest physical stability during storage time of 21 days at 4, 20 and 40 degrees C. These colloidal dispersions containing the sunscreen also exhibited the common melting behaviour of aqueous SLN dispersions.     

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) as carriers for the topical delivery of econazole nitrate: in-vitro characterization, ex-vivo and in-vivo studies

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) designed for topical administration of econazole nitrate (ECN), were prepared by o/w high-shear homogenization method using different ratios of lipid and drug (5:1 and 10:1). SLN were characterized in terms of particle size, morphology, encapsulation efficiency and crystalline structure. After incorporation of SLN into hydrogels, rheological measurements were performed, and ex-vivo drug permeation tests were carried out using porcine stratum corneum (SC). In-vivo study of percutaneous absorption of ECN as a function of application time and composition of gels was carried out by tape-stripping technique. Penetration tests of the drug from a conventional gel were performed as comparison. High-shear homogenization method resulted in a good technique for preparation of ECN-loaded SLN. Particles had a mean diameter of about 150 nm and a regular shape and smooth surface. The encapsulation efficiency values were about 100%. Ex-vivo tests showed that SLN were able to control the drug release through the SC; the release rate depended upon the lipid content on the nanoparticles. In-vivo studies demonstrated that SLN promoted a rapid penetration of ECN through the SC after 1 h and improved the diffusion of the drug in the deeper skin layers after 3 h of application compared with the reference gel.     

美洛昔康纳米脂质载体的制备及表征

目的制备美洛昔康纳米脂质载体(MX-NLC)胶体溶液及冻干粉,并对二者理化性质和体外释放行为进行考察。方法应用高压均质法制备MX-NLC胶体溶液,并对其冷冻干燥。以外观、含量、包封率、粒径、zeta电位、释放度为评价指标,考察MX-NLC胶体溶液及冻干粉的理化性质。结果冻干前后的平均含量质量分数为99.8%和98.5%,平均包封率为73.6%和72.5%;MX-NLC冻干前后的粒径分别为137 nm和154 nm,zeta电位分别为-28.4 mV和-25.2 mV。体外释放结果表明,MX-NLC具有明显的缓释效果。结论通过高压均质法和冷冻干燥技术可以得到美洛昔康纳米脂质载体。所制得MX-NLC粒径在100～200 nm内,具有明显的缓释特征,有可能实现静脉注射给药并具备被动靶向特征。     

Chitosan-associated SLN: in vitro and ex vivo characterization of cyclosporine A loaded ophthalmic systems

The aim of this study was to develop cyclosporine A (CsA) loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) associated with chitosan (CS), to improve interaction and internalization in corneal cells. The SLN were prepared using high shear homogenization and ultrasound methods with CS in the aqueous phase. The lipid phase was based on Compritol or Precirol. The SLN were characterized for particle size, polydispersity index, morphology, zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency. The systems were freeze-dried to increase physical stability and trehalose was used as a cryo/lyo-protector to stabilize the SLN. The penetration and permeation properties of the SLN were assessed in?vitro (cell culture) and ex vivo (excised pig cornea). The cell uptake of SLN was studied by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy. CS-associated SLN based on Compritol were biocompatible and enhanced the permeation/penetration of CsA along with a possible mechanism of internalization/uptake of the nanoparticles both in?vitro and ex vivo.     

Study of solid lipid nanoparticles with respect to particle size distribution and drug loading

This work deals with the formulation and development of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN) using pressure homogenization technique, nimesulide being used as the model drug. Main emphasis of the work was to study the effect of individual process parameters (homogenization pressure and homogenization cycles) and formulation parameters (lipid concentration and surfactant concentration) on particle size distribution and drug loading. Particle size distribution data indicate that by optimizing the homogenization process and formulation parameters it is possible to produce SLN within a desired size range as required for carrier mediated drug targeting. Approaches to improve drug loading efficiency indicate that drug loading was higher in case of SLN prepared from glyceryl beheanate, palmitostearate and glyceryl tristearate + span 60 as compared to monoacid triglyceride (MAT) tristearate. Thermal analysis by differential scanning calorimetry of the drug loaded SLN indicates the solid nature of the lipid carrier as required for sustained drug release.     

甘草次酸长循环固体脂质纳米粒的制备与体外性能研究

目的:制备甘草次酸长循环固体脂质纳米粒(GA-LSLN),并对其体外性能进行考察。方法:采用乳化溶剂挥发-高压匀质法制备GA-LSLN,测定其粒径、Zeta电位、包封率和载药量,并对其体外释药进行研究;同时以地塞米松(DEXA)、游离甘草次酸(GA)和GA-LSLN作用于肝癌细胞SK-Hep-1和急性髓细胞白血病细胞MV4-11,采用MTT法考察细胞毒性。结果:GA-LSLN的平均粒径为130.1nm,Zeta电位为-36.2mV,包封率为94.6%,载药量为11.3%,其体外释放规律符合一级速率过程。DEXA、GA和GA-LSLN对SK-Hep-1细胞的半数抑制浓度(IC50)分别为(199±10)、(32±7)、(141±5)μmol.L-1,对MV4-11的IC50分别为(25±3)、(20±5)、(63±4)μmol.L-1。结论:制备的GA-LSLN粒径、包封率和载药量均较理想,药物能达到缓释的作用,GA和GA-LSLN对肝癌细胞和白血病细胞均有较强的细胞毒性。     

Development of a controlled release formulation based on SLN and NLC for topical clotrimazole delivery

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) are colloidal carrier systems providing controlled release profiles for many substances. Clotrimazole-loaded SLN and NLC were prepared by the hot high pressure homogenization technique in order to evaluate the physical stability of these particles, as well as the entrapment efficiency of this lipophilic drug and its in vitro release profile. The particle size was analyzed by PCS and LD showing that the particles remained in their colloidal state during 3 months of storage at 4, 20 and 40 degrees C. For all tested formulations the entrapment efficiency was higher than 50%. The obtained results also demonstrate the use of these lipid nanoparticles as modified release formulations for lipophilic drugs over a period of 10 h.     

雷公藤内酯醇固体脂质纳米粒的制备及理化性质

目的：以聚乙二醇单硬脂酸酯表面修饰材料结合到固体脂质纳米粒（solid lipid nanoparticles,SLN）,以雷公藤内酯醇（triptolide,TPL）为模型药,制备一种具有良好亲水亲脂性的雷公藤内酯醇固体脂质纳米粒。方法：采用熔融-乳化法制备固体脂质纳米粒。通过单因素考察、中心复合设计（central composite design,CCD）,考察脂质材料、聚山梨醇酯-80和PEG-stearate（PEG-SA）三个因素对TPL-SLN粒径、包封率和载药量的影响。通过透射电镜、热分析和X-射线衍射考察TPL-SLN的理化性质,并考察其固体脂质纳米粒的稳定性以及体外释放情况。用MTT法测定其对人正常肝L02细胞和肝癌细胞HepG2的增殖抑制作用并计算其IC₅₀。结果：最优的处方：脂质材料为7.5%,聚山梨醇酯80（Tween 80）为2%和PEG-SA为2%,其粒径（193.43±6.07）nm,包封率（87.63±0.09）%,载药量（0.33±0.01）%。透射电镜观察所制备的纳米粒的形态近似于球形,DSC分析和X-射线衍射证实TPL以非晶型的形式存在于固体脂质纳米粒中。稳定性考察发现纳米粒粒径在一个月的贮存期基本没有变化（P>0.05）,体外释放表明TPL-SLN具有体外缓释特性。TPL-SLN对肿瘤细胞的抑制作用强于正常肝细胞。结论：雷公藤内酯醇聚乙二醇修饰固体脂质纳米粒有望开发为临床口服用药新剂型。