手术切除治疗肝脏尾状叶巨大肿瘤

目的 探讨肝脏尾状叶巨大肿瘤的手术切除方法和疗效.方法 回顾分析2000年1月至2007年1月第二军医大学东方肝胆外科医院收治施行肝切除的直径≥10 cm的肝尾状叶巨大肿瘤的临床资料.结果 手术切除尾状叶肿瘤215例,其中巨大肿瘤33例,肿瘤直径10.2～15.3 cm,平均为12.3 cm;肝切除术式包括单纯尾状叶全切除7例,部分尾状叶切除8例,全尾状叶合并其它肝段切除18例.手术时间120～360 min,中位时间为218 min,手术失血量400～7000 ml,中位失血鼍为958 ml;全组无手术病死,术后并发症发生率27%;21例原发性肝癌病人术后1、3、5年生存率为分别为76%、52%、24%,其他良性肿瘤病人术后无复发及病死.结论 肝脏尾状叶巨大肿瘤多可同时累及3个肝门,尽管手术切除难度较大,但疗效满意.     

手术切除治疗肝尾状叶巨大肿瘤的病例对照研究

目的 探讨肝尾状叶巨大肿瘤的手术疗效及最佳手术方法.方法 对2001年1月至2007年6月,东方肝胆外科医院手术治疗的33例肝尾状叶巨大肿瘤(≥10 cm)患者资料进行回顾性分析.对单独尾状叶切除与联合切除病例的临床病理特征、手术结果、并发症、远期生存率进行比较.结果 33例患者中15例(45.5％)接受了全部或部分尾状叶切除,18例(54.5％)接受了全部或部分尾状叶切除联合部分肝切除.手术切除最常用于原发性肝癌(HCC)(51.5％)、其次为血管瘤(21.2％)、肝内胆管癌(9.1％)、血管平滑肌脂肪瘤(6.1％)、肝腺瘤(3％)、局灶性结节性增生(3％)、结肠癌肝转移(3％)和肉瘤(3％).肿瘤的平均直径为12.3(范围10.2～21)cm.与联合肝尾状叶切除术比较,单纯尾状叶切除患者有较长的手术时间(280 min比170 min)及住院天数(17 d比12 d),失血量较多(1250ml比670 ml).两组病例均无围手术期死亡.单纯肝尾状叶切除术与联合肝尾状叶切除术两组患者的并发症发生率为别为26.7％与16.7％.恶性病变组患者1、3、5年无瘤生存率,单纯肝尾状叶切除术组分别为25.9％、0％、0％,联合肝尾状叶切除术组为74.3％、46.7％、31.2％.两组恶性病变患者的总生存率分别为68.6％、19.7％、0％和100％、66.5％、41.8％.结论 肝尾状巨大肿瘤切除术的术式取决于病变的大小、位置及肝脏的功能储备.肝功能储备良好的病例,肝尾状叶切除联合其他部分肝切除是首选.而对于肝功能储备处于临者值的患者,惟一可行的术式是单纯的肝尾状叶切除术.     

肝脏尾状叶巨大肿瘤切除手术经验

施行肝脏尾状叶巨大肿瘤手术４例．其中２例为肝脏多发性海绵状血管瘤．２例为原发性肝癌．术式：左或右半肝切除并肝尾叶切除２例；肝尾叶切除并肝左叶血管瘤剥除１例；巨大左肝尾状叶肿瘤切除、并左肝外叶切除、右肝小癌灶无水乙醇注射１例。１例出院后因癌复发转移．术后２．５个月死亡；３例治愈出院．经６～１７个月随访健在．肝尾状叶巨大瘤块切除是难度大、风险大的手术．本文介绍了具体操作的几点体会．并对难以切除的肝肿瘤行一期或二期手术问题提出自己的看法．     

完全腹腔镜肝尾状叶肿瘤切除术13例疗效分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜肝尾状叶肿瘤切除术的安全性及临床疗效。方法:收集2013年1月至2022年6月行腹腔镜肝尾状叶肿瘤切除术的13例患者的临床资料。统计分析术前、术中及术后相关资料,包括基本资料、手术时间、术中出血量、术后并发症、术后住院时间及术后病理情况。结果:13例患者中2例在3D腹腔镜下完成。经病理证实原发性肝癌9例、局灶性结节性增生1例、海绵状血管瘤3例。8例行腹腔镜单独肝尾状叶肿瘤切除术,2例行腹腔镜肝尾状叶肿瘤切除联合胆囊切除术,3例行腹腔镜肝尾状叶肿瘤切除联合肝左外叶切除术。11例采用左侧入路,2例采用右侧入路。手术时间平均(170.8±89.3)min,术中失血量(181.8±50.5)mL,术后平均住院(7.6±0.7)d。术中行第一肝门阻断12例,4例患者术中予以输血。术后发生1例胆漏,并发症发生率为7.7%,无围手术期死亡及二次手术病例。患者切缘均为阴性,肿瘤直径平均(4.5±2.1)cm。术后随访3~24个月,2例患者发生肝内转移复发。结论:在术前掌握手术适应证、术中充分显露及良好血流控制的前提下,腹腔镜肝尾状叶切除术是安全、有效的,可获得满意效果。     

尾状叶巨大海绵状血管瘤的外科处理

目的：探讨肝尾状叶巨大海绵状血管瘤的外科处理策略。 方法：回顾性分析4例肝尾状叶巨大海绵状血管瘤患者的临床治疗资料。 结果：术前将患者Child-Pugh评分均调整至A级,CT及三维立体重建检查,了解肿瘤与肝动、静脉及门静脉的关系;2例患者依照左右路径+前路劈肝路径切除,另2例行左半肝+尾状叶联合切除。患者均安全顺利地实行了肝尾状叶巨大血管瘤切除术,术后无严重并发症的发生。 结论：术前充分评估,术中精细操作,手术治疗肝尾状叶巨大血管瘤可取得满意疗效。

     

肝脏尾叶肿瘤的外科治疗

报告1990年5月～1997年5月,收治肝脏尾叶肿瘤7例,并施行手术治疗,其中男性6例,女性1例,年龄43～61岁,平均54.1岁。原发性肝癌4例,巨大海绵状肝血管瘤2例,转移性肝癌1例。施行肝尾叶切除术6例,左半肝加肝尾叶切除术1例。结果治愈6例,死亡1例,死于手术中下腔静脉损伤大出血。作者强调肝脏尾叶肿瘤手术适应征应从宽,一旦确诊及早手术。提倡全肝血流阻断法切除肝脏尾状叶巨大肿瘤。     

巨大肝脏肿瘤266例切除的经验

目的 总结巨大肝脏肿瘤肝切除术的经验.方法 回顾性分析解放军总医院1986-2005年间266例连续性巨大肝脏肿瘤切除手术病例.结果 本组266例患者中男174例,女92例,年龄7～76岁,平均年龄(44.8±12.2)岁;其中良性肿瘤93例,以肝血管瘤最为常见,共80例(86.0%),最大直径30 cm;恶性肿瘤173例,最大直径33 cm,其中肝细胞癌(HCC)127例(73.4%).肿瘤平均直径(14.7±4.0)cm(10.2～33.0 cm).乙型肝炎病毒表而抗原阳性病例占40.49%.良性肿瘤患者平均切除(3.3±1.2)个肝段,恶性肿瘤患者平均切除(3.1±1.2)个肝段,二者比较差异无统计学意义(t=1.710,P=0.310).围手术期发生手术并发症46例,占17.29%.住院期间死亡2例,占0.75%.恶性肿瘤术后1、3、5年的累积牛存率分别为58.3%、39.7%及27.5%.结论 肝外科技术的成熟和围手术期处理的进步,使巨大肝肿瘤切除术保持低并发症发生率和低死亡率.     

肝海绵状血管瘤的外科治疗(附35例)

目的探讨肝海绵状血管瘤的手术指征和方法.方法对35例肝脏血管瘤的手术结果进行回顾性分析.结果35例中,单发者27例,多发者8例;肿瘤直径＜5 cm者8例,5～15 cm者22例,＞15 cm者5例;肝右叶22例,左叶7例,左右两叶6例.术前经彩超、CT、MRI、DSA等检查.35例均行手术,无手术死亡,并发症率22.9%（8/35）.结论对于瘤体直径＜5 cm不伴有临床症状且排除恶性者只须定期复查;对于瘤体直径＞5 cm伴有临床症状者,肝部分切除术和血管瘤剥离术是首选治疗方法.其手术的关键是如何控制和处理出血.     

逆行性肝尾状叶切除7例报告

目的探讨逆行性肝尾状叶切除术的临床应用和意义。方法自2003年12月至2005年1月施行逆行性肝尾状叶切除术7例。先将肝尾状叶从第一、第二肝门游离并与正常肝实质离断,最后处理肝短静脉而完成尾叶切除。结果手术均顺利完成,7例中单独尾叶全切除4例,单独尾叶部分切除1例,联合右半肝的全尾叶切除2例。平均手术时间(273±44)M IN,断肝和尾叶分离时间歇阻断肝门,平均失血量(1114±241)M L,无手术死亡;术后并发胸腔积液1例,并发腹水1例,均经保守治疗后痊愈。术后平均住院时间16 D,随访5~16个月,6例继续存活,1例术后6个月死于肺内转移。结论当尾状叶肿瘤与IVC紧贴,难以游离肝短静脉时,或当肿瘤侵犯IVC或肿瘤巨大无法左右推动时,适于应用逆行性尾状叶切除术。该技术提高了肝尾状叶肿瘤手术切除率,增加了高难度尾叶切除的安全性,也适度扩大了手术适应证。     

肝脏血管瘤31例的诊断和外科治疗

目的探讨肝血管瘤的诊断方法和外科治疗价值.方法对31例肝血管瘤的手术结果进行回顾性分析.结果 31例中,单发者21例,2个及多发者10例;肝右叶19例,左叶9例,左右两叶3例;肿瘤直径＜5 cm者5例,5～10 cm者20例,＞10 cm者6例.术前诊断率93.5%(29/31),其中BUS确诊率90.3%(28/31),CT 95%(19/20),同位素100%(9/9).31例均行肝切除术.无手术死亡率,并发症率19.4%(6/31).结论 BUS和增强CT扫描是肝血管瘤的重要诊断方法;对于瘤体直径＞5 cm伴有临床症状者,手术切除是首选治疗方法.     

Liver resection under total vascular isolation. Variations on a theme.

Total vascular isolation (TVI) of the liver was employed during parenchymal transection in 16 patients undergoing hepatic resection for large tumors (mean diameter, 10.7 cm) located near hilar structures, hepatic veins, or the inferior vena cava (IVC). In 14 cases, TVI was achieved by clamping the suprahepatic and infrahepatic IVC and the porta hepatis, with or without aortic occlusion; in two, selective hepatic vein clamping was possible, obviating IVC occlusion. Procedures included standard and extended right and left lobectomies and caudate lobe resections. Concomitant resection and reconstruction of the portal vein (one case), IVC (one case), and bile duct (three cases) was required. Postoperative hepatic and renal failure did not occur. Mean intensive care unit and hospital stays were 2.8 +/- 1.9 and 12.5 +/- 5.2 days, respectively. There were two perioperative deaths. Total vascular isolation permits safe resection of large, critically located tumors that would otherwise present prohibitive operative risks.     

肝切除术治疗肝血管瘤37例分析

目的 探讨肝血管瘤的诊断、手术指征及外科治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析2005年7月至2008年7月我院肝切除术治疗的37例肝血管瘤患者临床资料.所有病例均通过B超、增强CT和(或)MRI明确诊断.手术指征包括:(1)血管瘤直径>5 cm,位于左外叶或边沿部,伴有较明显临床症状;(2)血管瘤直径>10 cm或短期生长迅速.瘤体位于左叶10例,右叶17例,尾叶3例,肝中叶2例,左右叶多发5例.所有病例术前肝功能Child评级均为A级.结果 右半肝切除5例,左半肝切除2例,左外叶切除10例,尾叶切除3例,肝中央叶段切除5例,肝段切除8例,联合肝段切除4例,预防性胆总管切开、T管外引流2例.术中第一肝门阻断28例,阻断时间8～36 min,平均(22.2±14.3)min;全肝血流阻断7例,阻断时间10～40 rain,平均(21.6±12.1)min.术中输血4例,输血量平均为400 ml.所有手术病例过程顺利,切除标本直径5～20 cm,无手术死亡.术后并发症:胸腔积液4例,膈下积液2例.术后病理:37例均为肝海绵状血管瘤.所有病例随访6个月～4年,无复发.结论 在严格把握手术指征的前提下,应用肝切除术治疗肝血管瘤是安全有效的.

Abstract：

Objective To study the diagnosis,surgical indications, and results of surgical treatment for hepatic hemangioma. Methods The data of 37 patients with hepatic hemangioma treated by hepatectomy in our department from July 2005 to July 2008 were analyzed retrospectively. The diagnoses were made by ultrasound, enhanced CT and MRI. Surgical indications included: (1) diameter >5 cm, located at the left lateral section or the lower edge of the liver with symptoms. (2) diameter >10 cm or recent rapid growth. The hemangioma were located in the left liver in 10 patients, right liver in 17, caudate lobe in 3, middle hepatic lobe in 2, multiple tumors in left and right livers in 5.The preoperative liver function was grade A in all patients. Results Five patients underwent right hepatectomy, 2 underwent left hepatectomy, 10 underwent left lateral sectionectomy, 3 underwent caudate lobectomy, 5 underwent central hepatectomy, 8 underwent right anterior sectionectomy, 4 underwent combined hepatic resections and 2 underwent prophylactic exploration of the common bile duct. Pringle's maneuver was applied in 28 patients, and total hepatic vascular exclusion in 7. The occlusion time ranged from 8-36 and 10-40 minutes (average: 22.2±14.3 min and 21.6±12.1 min),respectively. 400 ml of intraoperative blood transfusion was given to 4 patients each. All operations were successfully carried out. The specimens measured 5-20 cm. There was no peri-operative death.The postoperative complications were: pleural effusion (n=4); subphrenic (n=2). Histologic diagnosis confirmed hepatic cavernous hemangioma in all patients. All patients were regularly followed-up (ranged 6 months-4 years), and no recurrence was detected. Conclusion In carefully selected patients, liver resection for hepatic hemangioma is safe and effective.     

Surgical outcome of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma originating in the caudate lobe

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) originating in the caudate lobe is rare, and the treatment for this type of carcinoma is difficult because of its unique anatomic location. METHODS: This retrospective study assessed the surgical outcome of patients with caudate lobe HCC. There were 20 cases of HCC originating in the caudate lobe among 435 patients with primary HCC who underwent hepatic resection in our department from 1990 to 2002. The caudate tumors were located in the Spiegel lobe in 3 patients, the paracaval portion in 15 patients, and the caudate process in 2 patients. Surgical procedures consisted of limited resection of the caudate lobe in 6 patients and extended caudate lobectomy in 14 patients. Recurrence was recognized in 12 patients, including 8 patients with multiple intrahepatic recurrences, 1 with peritoneal dissemination, and 1 with lymph node metastasis. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in postoperative survival rate between patients who underwent limited resection of the caudate lobe and those who underwent extended caudate lobectomy. Compared with 415 patients with HCC originating in other locations, the 20 patients with caudate lobe HCC showed significantly more intraoperative blood loss (P<.05), longer operation time (P<.0001), and more postoperative complications (P<.005). Intrahepatic recurrence was more frequent in the caudate lobe HCC compared with HCC originating in other locations (40% vs 17.6%; P<.05). There was a significantly poor survival rate in the postoperative patients with caudate HCC (25.9% vs 54.1% for five-year survival; P=.01). Intrahepatic multiple recurrences were frequently recognized in the patients with caudate lobe HCC, indicating no significance for extended caudate lobectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Because of the relatively poor prognosis in patients with caudate lobe HCC, adjuvant therapy combined with surgical operation should be considered.     

Spontaneous rupture of liver hemangioma: Risk factors for rupture

We report a case of spontaneous rupture of a giant cavernous hemangioma of the liver arising from the caudate lobe, with extrahepatic growth, in a 67-year-old man. At emergency laparotomy, partial resection of the caudate lobe was performed and the hemangioma was found to measure 13 ×12×8 cm. The patient had a 10-year history of severe asthma requiring steroid therapy. To investigate the risk factors for spontaneous rupture of hepatic hemangioma, we compared the characteristics of patients with ruptured and non-ruptured lesions showing extrahepatic growth reported in the Japanese literature. Lesions with a diameter ≥4 cm located on the surface of the liver or showing extrahepatic growth appear to have a high risk of spontaneous rupture if the patient receives steroid therapy for a coexisting disorder. Even in patients who have not received steroid therapy, hemangiomas≥7–8 cm in diameter located in the left lobe with extrahepatic growth may also have a high risk of rupture. The treatment of hepatic hemangioma should be decided on the basis of the size and the location, and on the requirement for steroid therapy.     

肝脏局灶结节性增生的诊断与外科治疗

目的 总结肝脏局灶结节性增生的诊断和外科治疗经验.方法 回顾性分析63例经手术病理证实的肝脏局灶性结节患者临床资料.结果 本病多见于中青年,31～50岁者50例(79.4%),男女之比2.94∶1.本病起病隐匿,56例(89%)无明显临床症状,HBsAg阳性者3例(4.8%).肝功能正常者58例(92.1%),5例(7.9%)总胆红素及rGT轻度升高,但AFP、CEA、CA19-9均为阴性.肝脏局灶性结节的病灶多为单发(95.2%),肿瘤直径平均为4.5 cm.病灶位于左肝叶25例、中肝叶6例、右肝叶29例、尾状叶3例.彩色超声检查:2例(3.2%)病灶中央有粗大的血管通过,血流丰富,高流速,低阻力.61例行CT动态扫描(96.8%),增强后早期均匀明显强化,其中6例出现中央星状瘢痕.59例行MRI检查(93.7%),早期明显增强、均匀,5例出现中央星状瘢痕T2WI高信号.本组63例患者均行手术治疗,其中局部切除34例;肝段或肝叶切除术16例;半肝切除术13例.本组无手术死亡,患者无严重并发症.结论 FNH是一种肝脏良性病变,术前误诊率高达25.4%;提高对FNH的认识水平,结合临床及各种影像检查的资料,可明显提高诊断率.

Abstract：

Objective To summarize the diagnosis and surgical treatment of hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH). Methods The clinical data of 63 patients with FNH proved by pathology were analyzed retrospectively. Results The disease mainly affected young to middle aged, 50 cases (79. 4% )were of 31-50 years old. Male and female ratio was 2.94: 1. Fifty-six patients (89%) were asymptomatic, 3 cases were HBsAg positive (4.8%). Liver function was basically normal (92. 1%),5 cases (7.9%) were with elevated level of total bilirubin and rGT. AFP, CEA and CA19-9 was all negative. FNH occured as a single node in 95.2% cases, ranging from 1.5 cm to 17 cm in diameter ( average 4. 5 cm). Of these patients, 25 lesions were present in the left lobe, 29 in the right lobe, 6 in the mid lobe, and 3 in the caudate lobe. A big central artery was found in 2 cases (3. 2% ) as found by color Doppler ultrasound. CT scan showed transient immediate enhancement in 96. 8% (61/63) of patients, with central scar in 6 cases. MRI demonstrated early vigorous enhancement in 93. 7% (59/63) of patients, with central scar in 5 cases. All patients underwent surgical resection; including local resection in 34 cases;segmentectomy or hepatectomy in 13 cases; hemihepatectomy in 13 cases. There was no postoperative mortality and major complications. Conclusions FNH is a kind of hepatic benign disease and characteristic of high preoperative misdiagnosis rate (25. 4% ).     

Caudate lobectomy: tumor location, topographic classification, and technique using right- and left-sided approaches to the liver

BACKGROUND: Resection of the caudate lobe (involving segments I [dorsal sector] and/or IX [right paracaval region]) often presents a technical challenge. It is difficult to perform because of its deep location and adjacency to the major hepatic vessels (ie, the left and middle hepatic veins). METHODS: A literature review was performed based on a Medline search to identify articles on caudate lobectomy published from 1990 to 2005. This article describes the right and left-sided approaches to the liver for caudate resection according to caudate lobe tumor location and topographic classification. RESULTS: The results of 377 lobectomies were analyzed in this review. The left-sided approach to the liver was used in 55 (14.58%), the right-sided approach in 24 (6.36%), and both approaches in 298 (79.04%) caudate lobectomies. Primary benign and malign liver tumors, as well as secondary liver tumors, were resected. CONCLUSIONS: Access to and resection of the caudate lobe should be determined on the basis of tumor location and hepatic function. The left or right approach to the caudate lobe can be recommended for local resection of tumor located at Spiegel's portion or process portion. Approaches to caudate lobectomy are therefore largely dependent on size and location of the lesion, type of associated resection, and presence of scarring from previous resection.     

联合肝切除术结合肝动脉重建治疗10例肝门部胆管癌临床分析

目的分析联合肝切除术结合肝动脉重建治疗肝门部胆管癌10例患者的应用效果。方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2017年2月10例均接受联合肝切除术结合肝动脉重建治疗的肝门部胆管癌患者资料,分析手术情况、围术期并发症及随访结果。结果10例患者中实施左半肝联合尾状叶切除4例(Ⅲb型),右半肝联合尾状叶切除3例(Ⅲa型),尾状叶切除2例(Ⅱ型),切除肝门部胆管及部分左内叶、右前叶及尾状叶1例(Ⅳ型);接受肝右动脉切除重建6例,肝固有动脉切除重建4例;R0切除率为80.0%,围术期均无死亡病例,术后胆瘘、消化道出血、肝动脉血栓继发胆道感染各1例(10.0%),均经保守治疗后症状好转;术后随访9~24个月,3例患者分别因肿瘤复发、肝动脉血栓、肝脓肿而死亡,术后24个月的生存率为70.0%(7/10)。结论给予肝门部胆管癌患者联合肝切除术结合肝动脉重建治疗可提高R0切除率,改善肝功能,且患者围术期并发症少、术后生存率高。     

Limited Hepatic Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Caudate Lobe

The most appropriate approach to treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the caudate lobe has not yet been determined. A series of 197 patients who had undergone curative hepatic resection for HCC were analyzed. Fifteen patients had HCC in the caudate lobe: three in the Spiegel lobe (SP), three in the caudate process (CP), and nine in the paracaval portion (PC). Patients with HCCs in the SP and CP underwent partial hepatectomy. HCCs in the PC were approached in one of three ways: anterior approach and partial hepatectomy of the PC (Ant+PHx-PC), partial hepatectomy, or left lobectomy. Clinicopathologic variables, including the underlying liver disease, the mean tumor size, and the pathologic characteristics of HCC, did not differ between surgery of the caudate lobe and that of other segments. The overall survival was 88.9% at 3 years and 66.7% at 5 years after resection of HCC in the caudate lobe; the corresponding figures were 86.1% at 3 years and 68.6% at 5 years for the other segments. The recurrence-free survival rate was 51.9% at 3 years and 34.6% at 5 years for the caudate lobe, and it was 52.1% at 3 years and 32.8% at 5 years for the other segments. Clinicopathologic characteristics of HCCs originating in the caudate lobe were not different from those in the other segments. Limited resection of HCC in the caudate lobe confers a similar prognostic value as in other segments.