载脂蛋白E基因多态性与冠心病,脑血栓疾病的相关性探讨

目的：研究载脂蛋白（ａｐｏ）Ｅ基因与冠心病、脑血栓疾病间的相关程度。方法：应用聚合酶链－限制性片段长度多态性（ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ）方法先扩增出ａｐｏＥ基因第４外显子内的２２７ｂｐ片段,继以限制性内切酶ＣｆｏⅠ酶解消化,８％聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,最后银染显带判定基因型,并计算等位基因频率。结果：该实验共检测了正常汉族１１３例、汉族５０例冠心病患者及４２例汉族脑血栓患者的ａｐｏＥ基因型及等位基因频率。结果表明脑血栓患者ａｐｏＥε４／３基因型和ε４等位基因频率显著高于正常对照（Ｐ＜０．０１和Ｐ＜０．０５）。但ａｐｏＥ等位基因多态与冠心病间未发现关联。结论：该方法快速、准确、分辨率高。并认为ａｐｏＥ等位基因多态与脑血栓疾病间存在相关。     

载脂蛋白E基因多态性与早发冠心病遗传关系研究

目的探讨载脂蛋白E（apoE）基因多态性与早发冠心病（CHD）的关系。方法应用聚合酶链-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR—RFLP）方法先扩增出apoE基因第4外显子内的227bp片段，继以限制性内切酶CfoI酶解消化，8％聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳，最后银染显带判定基因型，并计算等住基因频率。共检测了52例早发冠心病患者和110例正常对照者的apoE基因型及等位基因频率。结果早发冠心病患者apoEε4／3基因型和ε4等位基因频率显著高于正常对照组（P〈0．05）。结论apoE基因多态性与早发冠心病的发生有关。该检测方法快速、准确、分辨率高。     

保定市绝经女性载脂蛋白E基因多态性与冠心病合并脑梗死遗传易感性的关系研究

目的检测并分析保定市绝经女性中载脂蛋白E(apoE)基因多态性与冠心病合并脑梗死遗传易感性的关系.方法 采用聚合酶链反应—限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)法,分析96例绝经女性冠心病合并脑梗死患者和86例绝经女性的健康对照者的apoE的3种等位基因ε2、ε3、ε4,做基因频率和基因型多态性分析.结果 健康人群组apoE基因呈多态性,有6种基因型,即3种纯合子(ε2/2、ε3/3、ε4/4);3种杂合子为(ε2/3、ε3/4、ε2/4).与绝经女性的健康人群组比较,绝经女性冠心病合并脑梗死组ε3/3基因型频率较健康人组明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),ε4/4、ε3/4基因型频率较健康组明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),ε2等位基因频率较健康组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 保定市绝经女性的健康人群组apoEε3基因出现率最高,ε2和ε4频率较低,ε3/3基因型最多,而ε2/2、ε4/4相对较少,绝经女性的冠心病合并脑梗死患者中ε3/3、ε2/3基因型频率较低,ε4等位基因频率在绝经女性的冠心病合并脑梗死患者中增高,ε4可能是冠心病、脑梗死的遗传易患因子之一,ε3等位基因是冠心病和脑梗塞的保护因子.     

载脂蛋白E基因变异与颈动脉粥样硬化及血脂的关系

目的探讨颈动脉粥样硬化(CAS)与载脂蛋白E(apoE)基因多态性的关系。方法采用聚合酶链反应一限制性长度多态技术(PCR-RFLP)检测103例CAS患者和108例健康对照者的apoE的基因型及等位基因分布频率,同时检测其血脂水平。结果CAS组apoE基因型E2/2、E2/3、E2/4、E3/3、E3/4和E4/4的频率分别为0%、11.7%、1.9%、47.6%、35.6%和2.9%,apoE等位基因ε2、ε3和ε4的频率依次为5.8%、66.0%和28.2%;而对照组相应基因频率分别为2.8%、16.7%、0.9%、65.7%、13.9%、0和9.3%、82.4%、8.3%;两组之间的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,CAS组apoE基因E3/4和等位基因ε4的频率明显增高,而E3/3、ε3的频率则明显降低(P<0.05)。结论apoE等位基因ε4在CAS患者中出现的频率显著增高,很可能是引发CAS的潜在危险因子。     

海南黎族ApoE基因多态性与脑梗死的关系

目的 探讨海南黎族载脂蛋白E(apoE)基因多态性与脑梗死的关系.方法 利用聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术扩增apoE基因编码112位和158位氨基酸的片段,并用限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)技术,对黎族脑梗死患者和健康对照者的apoE基因型和等位基因频率进行比较,同时检测两者不同基因型的总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)水平.结果 海南黎族脑梗死患者中apoE等位基因ε4占23.7%,高于其健康对照组的6.0%;而等位基因ε2则占5.8%,低于健康对照组的29.0%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);脑梗死组ε3/4基因型频率明显高于健康对照组(P<0.01).不同apoE基因型之间血脂水平差异也具有统计学意义.结论 ε4可能为脑梗死的易感因子,而ε2则为保护因子,ε3/4基因型与脑梗死有关,apoE基因多态性影响血脂水平.     

贵州布依族人群载脂蛋白E基因多态性与血脂、载脂蛋白的关系

目的 研究贵州布依族人群载脂蛋白E基因多态性分布特征,分析apoE基因多态性对脂质代谢的影响.方法 应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性方法(PCR-RFLP)对贵州省黔南州201例布依族和217例汉族人群血样品进行apoE基因分型,并研究等位基因频率特征与血脂的关系.结果 201例布依族和217例汉族apoε2、ε3、ε4等位基因频率分别为:6.71％、82.34％、10.95％;9.22％、84.10％、6.68％,二者差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).与其他种族、民族人群比较,布依族ε2、ε3、ε4等位基因频率处于中等水平.布、汉两民族apoE不同基因型亚组血脂、载脂蛋白、脂蛋白结果显示:与apoE2携带者(apoE2/2+ E2/3+ E2/4)比较,apoE3/3纯合子和apoE4携带者(apoE3/4+E4/4)血清TC、LDL-c、apoB水平均显著升高(P＜0.01).结论 apoE基因型和等位基因频率存在民族、种族差异.布依族apoE基因多态性与血脂、载脂蛋白、脂蛋白水平有关.     

冠心病患者特质焦虑与APOE基因多态性关系的相关及回归分析

目的 探讨冠心病(CHD)患者特质焦虑与载脂蛋白E(ApoE)基因ε4等位基因的相关性.方法对符合诊断标准的107例冠心病患者进行焦虑状态-特质问卷(STAI)评定,以特质焦虑评分＞55分为判定高低特质焦虑的标准,分为高特质焦虑组(n=39)和低特质焦虑组(n=68),同时选择50例健康人群作对照(对照组).以Hhal限制性内切酶酶切及琼脂糖凝胶电泳确定ApoE基因多态性.相关分析和回归方法进行统计分析.结果 ApoE基因的等位基因ε4与冠心病患者特质焦虑成显著相关(OR=9.251,95％CI 2.726～18.266).以等位基因ε2、ε3、ε4频率为自变量,特质焦虑评分为因变量进行逐步多元线性回归分析,等位基因ε4进入方程,Y =30.252 +0.048X3(P＜0.05).结论 冠心病患者的特质焦虑情绪与ApoE基因ε4等位基因具有相关性.     

2型糖尿病患者脂蛋白脂酶基因S447X和载脂蛋白E基因多态性与冠心病的关系

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者脂蛋白酯酶(LpL)及载脂蛋白E基因(ApoE)与冠心病的关系。方法采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-PFLP)技术分别检测2型糖尿病并冠心病组(110例)及对照组(116例)LpL、ApoE基因型。结果2型糖尿病并冠心病组LpL/S447XX突变频率低于对照组(P<0.05);2型糖尿病并冠心病组ε3/3和ε4/3频率分别为41.2%和37.3%,分别明显低于对照组ε3/3(频率70.7%)和高于对照组ε4/3(频率21.6%),P均<0.01。ε4等位基因频率为28.2%,明显高于对照组(13.4%,P<0.01)。结论LpL/S447XX突变降低2型糖尿病并发冠心病患者的遗传易感性,而ApoE/ε4等位基因增高2型糖尿病并发冠心病患者的遗传易感性。     

血管紧张素原及载脂蛋白E基因多态性与冠心病关系的研究

目的：研究血管紧张素原(AGT)基因M235T多态性及载脂蛋白E(ApoE)基因多态性与中国人群冠心病的关联。方法:分别用PCR—RFLP技术检测了129例冠心病患者及90例健康人AGT及ApoE基因型。结果：(1)冠心病组ε3/4基因型及ε4等位基因频率显著高于健康对照组，ε3/3基因型及ε3等位基因频率则显著低于对照组;(2)AGT各基因型及等位基因频率在两组间无显著差异;(3)携带ε4等位基因的不同AGT基因型在两组间也无显著差异。结论:(1)ε4等位基因是冠心病的遗传易患因子；(2)AGT基因与冠心病发病无显著关联，与ApoE基因间也无协同作用。     

冠心病患者载脂蛋白E、血管紧张素转换酶联合基因型研究

目的 :研究中国人载脂蛋白E(ApoE)基因多态性及血管紧张素转换酶 (ACE)基因插入 /缺失 (I/D)多态性与冠心病的关联。方法 :分别用PCR -RFLP及PCR技术检测了 12 9例冠心病患者及 90例健康人ApoE ,ACE基因型。结果 :冠心病组ε3 / 4基因型及ε4等位基因频率显著高于对照组 ,ε3 / 3 基因型及ε3 等位基因频率则显著低于对照组 ;ACE各基因型及等位基因频率两组间无显著差异 ;在ε4携带情况下 ,不同ACE基因型冠心病危险度不同 ,DD型 >ID型 ,而Ⅱ型似有一定的保护作用。结论 :ε4等位基因是冠心病的遗传易患因子 ;ACE基因与冠心病发病无显著关联 ,但对ε4等位基因有一定的“修饰”作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.