网络成瘾者家庭亲密度、适应性的类型特点及其与应付方式的相关性

目的了解网络成瘾(Internet Addiction Disorder,IAD)者家庭教养方式、家庭亲密度、适应性的特点、类型及其与应付方式之间的相关性,为IAD者的家庭治疗提供理论基础。方法对111例网络成瘾住院患者(IAD组)和120例健康对照者(对照组)进行家庭亲密度和适应性、应付方式和父母教养方式的问卷调查,应用SPSS13.0统计软件进行t检验和相关分析。结果 (1)IAD组非民主平等型家长管教方式(包括暴力型、溺爱型、冷落型)显著高于对照组(76.6%∶6.7%;χ2=76.27,P=0.000);其家庭亲密度和适应性类型以松散型和僵硬型为主(58.6%,87.4%)。(2)IAD组FACES家庭亲密度因子中的实际亲密度评分、理想亲密度评分和适应性因子中的实际适应性评分、理想适应性评分均低于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01),两个因子评分的不满程度评分均高于对照组(P<0.01)。(3)实际家庭亲密度和实际家庭适应性评分与解决问题、求助2个因子评分均呈正相关(P<0.01),与自责、幻想、逃避、合理化4个因子评分均呈负相关(P<0.01);家庭亲密度不满程度和适应性不满程度评分与解决问题、求助均呈负相关(P<0.01),与自责、幻想、逃避、合理化均呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论IAD青少年父母教育以非民主型管教为主,家庭亲密度及适应性较低,对家庭教育方式不满意程度较高,且与其不良的应付方式显著相关。改变父母教养方式和改善家庭功能可以防治青少年IAD。     

孕期家庭亲密度适应性对产妇产后抑郁的影响

目的分析孕期家庭亲密度适应性对产妇产后抑郁的影响。方法选取2013-03-2014-03我院收治的晚期妊娠孕妇160例为研究对象,分别于产前和产后6周采用爱丁堡产后抑郁量表和家庭亲密度适应性量表对其进行调查。结果观察组和对照组实际适应性和适应性不满意程度评分相比,差异具有统计学意义(t=-3.509,2.657;P均0.05)。观察组和对照组实际亲密度和亲密度不满意程度评分相比,差异具有统计学意义(t=-2.472,3.005;均P0.05)。实际适应性、适应性不满意程度、实际亲密度和亲密度不满意程度是产后抑郁的影响因素。结果孕期家庭亲密度适应性差会导致产妇产后抑郁,护理人员要重视对家庭亲密度重要性的宣传,降低产妇产后抑郁发生率。     

惊恐障碍患者自我功能、家庭功能及社会支持的相关分析

目的探讨惊恐障碍患者的自我功能、家庭功能、社会支持及其相互关系。方法采用自我和谐量表（SCCS）、家庭亲密度和适应性量表中文版（FACESⅡ-CV）、领悟社会支持量表（PSSS）,对20例惊恐障碍患者进行测评,并与正常对照组20例进行比较。结果研究组自我和谐总分、自我与经验的不和谐因子分显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）;研究组实际家庭亲密度与实际家庭适应性显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）,而亲密度不满意度、适应性不满意度显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）;研究组领悟社会支持总分、领悟家庭内支持、领悟家庭外支持分显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）;研究组家庭亲密度与社会支持各因子分呈显著正相关,对亲密度不满意程度与社会支持总分及家庭外支持因子分呈显著负相关,对适应性不满意程度与家庭内支持因子分呈显著负相关。结论惊恐障碍患者的自我和谐性较低,家庭功能存在缺陷,领悟社会支持程度较低,家庭功能与领悟社会支持互为影响。     

青少年精神分裂症家庭功能及有关情况

目的:探讨青少年精神分裂症患者的家庭功能以及亲密度和适应性特点.方法:采用家庭功能量表(FAD)以及家庭亲密度和适应性量表(FACES Ⅱ-CV)对52例青少年精神分裂症患者(患者组)和60名健康志愿者(对照组)进行调查,并比较结果.结果:患者组在沟通、情感反应、情感介入、行为控制以及总的功能等方面的评分显著高于正常对照组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);患者组的家庭亲密度和家庭适应性各因子评分明显低于正常对照组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论:青少年精神分裂症患者家庭支持系统不良,应针对其家庭特点开展家庭干预.     

失眠症患者的心理特征与家庭功能关系的初步分析

目的探讨失眠症患者的心理特征、家庭功能及其对睡眠质量的影响。方法采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）、自我和谐量表（SCCS）、家庭亲密度与适应性量表（FACES—Ⅱ）,对51例失眠症患者进行测评,并与正常对照组46例进行比较。结果（1）失眠组的家庭亲密度和适应性因子分显著低于对照组,不满意度A显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）;（2）SCCS总分及不和谐度因子分显著高于正常组,灵活性因子分显著低于正常组（P〈0．01）;（3）失眠组的家庭亲密度与PSQI各因子呈显著负相关,不满意度A及SCCS总分、不和谐度与PSQI各因子呈显著正相关。结论失眠症患者多有自我内部和谐度低,灵活性差的心理特征,且家庭亲密度及适应性差、满意度低,可能是其睡眠质量不满意及症状慢性化的重要影响因素。     

抑郁症患者家庭功能调查

目的:探讨抑郁症患者的家庭功能及其相关因素。方法:选择94例抑郁症患者,应用中文版家庭亲密度与适应性量表第2版(FACESⅡCV),从亲密度和适应性2个维度评定抑郁症患者的家庭功能,并应用多元回归分析其相关因素。结果:与正常对照组相比,治疗前家庭亲密度与适应性显著较差,治疗后有显著改善。其相关因素有性别、文化程度、成长地、病程及是否首发等。结论:抑郁症患者的家庭亲密度与适应性存在缺陷。     

男性暴力行为青少年的注意网络研究

目的 探讨青少年暴力行为注意网络认知功能缺损的特点.方法 运用注意网络测试观察比较60例男性暴力青少年(暴力组)和78名无暴力行为青少年(对照组)的警觉、定向和执行控制等注意网络功能.结果 与对照组比较,暴力组青少年注意网络的警觉效能和执行控制效能明显下降(P<0.05);而定向网络效能无明显差异(P>0.05).进一步按来自管教所和学校两种不同来源分析,管教所内暴力组的警觉效能时间比无暴力组明显延迟(P=0.01),而同一来源的暴力组和非暴力组的执行控制效能差异均有统计学意义(P(0.05).结论 有暴力行为的男性青少年注意网络功能尤其是其中的执行控制功能受损.     

BDNF基因多态性与男性青少年暴力攻击行为的关联性分析

目的 分析BDNF基因与青少年男性暴力行为之间的关系.方法 采用TaqMan探针SNP基因分型技术对139例男性暴力少教人员,98例非暴力男性少教人员以及259例正常成年男性进行BDNF基因(rs1103010,rs6265)位点的基因分型.分析攻击组和对照组的等位基因和基因型分布规律.结果 器力青少年男性rs1103010位点T等位基因频率高于正常对照组(31.7%vs 24.9%,P＜0.05),rs1103010与rs6265两位点构成的T-G单体型在暴力组中的频率也显著高于正常对照组(31.4%VS 23.4%.P＜0.05).结论 BDNF基因可能在青少年暴力行为的发生中起了作用.     

维持治疗期精神分裂症患者认知功能与家庭功能的关系

目的探讨维持期精神分裂症病人认知功能、家庭功能及家庭亲密度/适应性的关系。方法入组42例维持期治疗的精神分裂症病人及42例正常对照者,分别对病人组和对照组进行家庭功能量表、家庭亲密度及适应性量表评估,用威斯康星卡片分类测验(WSCT)、Stroop色词测验来评估认知功能,并分析它们之间的关系。结果与正常对照相比,精神分裂症组在家庭功能量表、家庭亲密度及适应性量表中指标明显下降(除理论亲密度、实际适应度、理论适应度外)(t=-12.75～1.95,P0.05);认知功能方面,病人组在所测量各指标明显下降,(t=-3.27～10.62,P0.05);同时发现:概念化水平与情感反应、正确应答数与亲密不满度、非持续错误数与情感介入分值显著相关(r=0.36～0.50,P0.05)。结论精神分裂症病人在家庭亲密度、家庭功能感受方面及注意力、认知灵活性、抽象概括方面功能受损,维持期精神分裂症部分认知功能与家庭功能显著相关。     

家庭干预对首发精神分裂症患者辅助治疗的随访研究

目的:探讨家庭干预对首发精神分裂症患者预后的影响。方法:将90例首发精神分裂症患者随机分为抗精神病药物合并家庭干预组(干预组,45例)及单用抗精神病药物组(对照组,45例),进行为期1年的随访研究。采用家庭亲密度和适应性量表(FACESⅡ-CV)、家庭功能量表(FAD)、简明精神病评定量表(BPRS)、阳性症状评定量表(SAPS)及阴性症状评定量表(SANS)评估患者家庭状况和精神症状。结果:随访结束后,干预组家庭亲密度和适应性及家庭功能改善明显(P<0.01);干预组FACESⅡ-CV中的实际亲密度、理想亲密度因子评分显著高于对照组[(66.7±12.2)分、(57.7±10.4)分、(68.4±10.6)分、(55.8±9.7)分,P均<0.01],干预组FAD中的沟通、角色、情感反应、情感介入、行为控制及总的功能因子评分显著低于对照组(P均<0.05);两组BPRS、SAPS及SANS评分均较入组时有明显下降(P均<0.01),随访期干预组BPRS和SANS评分显著低于对照组[(19.6±10.7)分、(21.8±12.5)分、(16.7±6.4)分、(18.8±7.2)分,P均<0.01];多元逐步回归分析显示患者精神症状预后与基线期精神症状严重程度呈正相关,与基线期家庭功能及发病年龄呈负相关(t=2.65,-2.49,-2.79,P均<0.05)。结论:对精神分裂症患者进行家庭干预,可增加患者家庭亲密度和适应性,提高家庭功能,改善疾病预后。     

Gender Differences in Delinquent Behavior among Korean Adolescents

The present study examined gender differences in the rate, type, and relevant variables underlying delinquent behavior among South Korean adolescents. Although female delinquency is increasing and becoming more violent in South Korea, the rate of delinquent behavior was found to be much lower among female than among male adolescents and female adolescents were much less involved in antisocial, aggressive, and psychopathic delinquent behavior compared to male adolescents. Moreover, compared to female delinquent adolescents, male delinquent adolescents were found to have greater tendencies towards antisocial personality, sociability, being sexually abused, and alcohol and drug use. In contrast, female delinquent adolescents had a greater tendency toward depression than male delinquent adolescents. No gender differences were found in the association between family dynamics and delinquent behaviors. Age and antisocial personality had the most significant total effects on male delinquent behavior. In contrast, alcohol and drug abuse was the strongest contributing factors in female delinquent behavior, although the level of alcohol and drug abuse was much higher among male adolescents than among female adolescents.     

Adolescents parricides : une comparaison avec des adolescents homicides

The objective of this exploratory study is to compare adolescents who killed or attempted to kill one or both parents (N =12) with adolescents who killed an acquaintance or a stranger (N =13). The data was collected from the Phillippe Pinel Institute of Montreal. The adolescent parricide offenders have less delinquent and violent antecedents. They are also less likely to be diagnosed with behavioural problems or have been taken into custody during their adolescence. They describe their paternal relationship as being much more conflicting and they also planned their crimes more than the adolescent homicide offenders did. The results indicate that the two groups are very distinct at the clinical level and they indicate that future research should be completed which considers the specificity of the relationship with the victim.     

Relating psychiatric disorders, offender and offence characteristics in a sample of adolescent sex offenders and non-sex offenders

Introduction Several studies have paid attention to the relationship between psychiatric disorders and adolescent offending but few have distinguished different types of offenders, especially within the category of youngsters who have committed sex offences. Aim To test for relationships between psychiatric disorder and specific offence category among young male offenders. Method Nationwide data were extracted from Dutch Forensic Psychiatric Services (FPD) files for five groups of offenders, as defined by their index offence: 308 violent sex offenders; 134 non‐violent sex‐offenders; 270 sex offenders against children; 3148 violent offenders and 1620 offenders charged with any crime other than interpersonal body contact crimes. They were compared on individual characteristics and psychiatric diagnoses according to DSM‐IV criteria. Having a diagnosis of a paraphilia alone was exclusively associated with sex offending, therefore all such youths were excluded from further analyses. The OVERALS technique was used to explore possible relationships between offence, psychiatric diagnoses, sociodemographic and individual characteristics among the remaining young men for whom all pertinent data were available (n = 1894). Results Sex offenders constituted a distinct group of juvenile delinquents. Developmental disorders were more common among non‐violent sex offenders and child molesters. Violent offences were more typical of delinquents from immigrant backgrounds. Conclusion Group differences in types of psychiatric diagnoses may reflect differences in aetiological factors for the various types of sexual and other delinquent behaviour, and this would be worthy of further study. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Greek adolescents' intimate relations before their transition to adulthood

The study examined whether the characteristics of the other partner in a dyad could reveal some unique intimate relationships regardless of the commonalties in the intimate relationships adolescents and emerging adults endorse with four important partners (mother, father, female and male peers). Six hundred and thirteen (56.8% female) Greek adolescents and emerging adults participated in the study. Participants endorsed their agreement to nine items addressing issues of intimacy and companionship. The intimate relationships with the four important partners share some common characteristics reflecting the person who endorses the intimate relationships and are also reciprocal, depending on who is the other partner in the dyad. The intimacy participants endorsed with their parents contributed to the intimate relationship with their peers of the same sex with the parent. The way Greek youth is gendered could explain the characteristics of the intimate relationships they endorse with the other partners in the dyads.     

Male adolescent sexual offenders: the offender and the offense

A group of male adolescent sexual offenders were divided into three groups: Courtship Disorders (Exhibitionism, Toucherism and Obscene Phone Calls), Sexual Assaults, and Pedophilic Offenses. Group I offenders tended to come from a less disorganized family background, were better adjusted to school and in the community and were seen by clinicians as less seriously disturbed than the adolescents in the other two groups. In addition, these adolescents did not experience the offense as a sexual act. Group II offenders (Sexual Assaulters) came from a more disturbed family background characterized by a high rate of long-term parent-child separations, committed more violent offenses and had a higher frequency of intellectual functioning in the Borderline Range of Intelligence. Group III offenders (Pedophilic Offenses) were Canadian born, had witnessed physical violence between their parents, were described as having been infants who did not enjoy being cuddled and had siblings who were truant. This study suggests that classifying adolescent sexual offenders along the line suggested in adult literature seems to be justified.     

Plasma Testosterone,Aggressive Behavior,and Personality Dimensions in Young Male Delinquents

Forty male delinquent recidivists had a slightly higher mean plasma testosterone (T) level than a group of normal adolescents of the same age and pubertal stages. Delinquents who had committed armed robbery tended to have higher mean T levels than less violent offenders. Age at onset of delinquency showed no correlation with T levels. On self-report scales, delinquents with high mean T levels had higher scores on verbal aggression, aggressive attitude, and preference for physical sports and exhaustive activities. These offenders also obtained higher scores on the Extraversion scale and lower scores on the Neuroticism and Lie scales of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. The relationships between T and behavioral and personality variables were small in degree, suggesting that rising T production in puberty is only one factor which may contribute to antisocial behavior in certain vulnerable boys with previous psychosocial and organic traumatization.     

Psychopathy and violent recidivism among young criminal offenders

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the predictive validity of psychopathic personality traits (assessed with the revised psychopathy checklist, PCL-R; Hare, 1991) for violent criminal recidivism among young offenders. METHOD: The relationship between PCL-R psychopathy and violent re-offending was studied in 98 young (M=18.40, range 15-20 years) violent and sex offenders subjected to forensic psychiatric evaluation in Sweden during 1988-95. Subjects were followed during detainment and for 24 months in the community to first reconviction for a violent offence. RESULTS: We found a modest but significant association between PCL-R scores and violent recidivism, almost exclusively accounted for by behavioural criteria. Among 13 possible confounders tested, conduct disorder before age 15 and a young age at first conviction eliminated the relationship between psychopathy and violent recidivism in pair-wise logistic regression models. CONCLUSION: PCL-R psychopathy may be a less valid predictor for violent criminal recidivism among severe youthful offenders than among adult offenders.     

Brief report: Violent false memories and engagement in aggressive and delinquent behavior: An investigation in adolescents

The present study investigates the relationship between violent false memories and delinquent and aggressive behavior in a sample of adolescents. Two hundred eleven participants completed measures of aggressive and delinquent behavior and performed a modified version of the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm, a false memory task for lists of associated words. Participants were presented with a list of ambiguously violent words and three lists of neutral words. For each list a free recall task was performed. Violent false memories were significantly associated with delinquent behaviors in both genders, whereas a significant correlation with aggressive behaviors was found only in males. A multilevel multiple regression showed that the prediction of delinquent behaviors was improved by entering violent false memories into the model as a further predictor, whereas no effect was found for aggressive behaviors. These findings indicate a significant association of violent false memories with delinquent behavior in adolescents.     

The role of feared possible selves in the relationship between peer influence and delinquency

This study explores the impact of a feared delinquent possible self on the relationship between exposure to negative peer behaviors and violent and non-violent self-reported delinquency. Previous research strongly supports that deviant peers influence adolescents' delinquent behavior. Yet, few studies have explored intrapersonal factors that may moderate this influence. Possible selves include what one hopes, expects and fears becoming and are believed to motivate behavior. Thus, it was hypothesized that adolescents who were exposed to deviant peers and also feared engaging in delinquency would be more likely to self-report delinquency. Seventh grade students (n = 176) identified feared possible selves in the future, their exposure to negative peer behavior and self-reported violent and non-violent delinquent behavior. Findings suggest that exposure to negative peer behavior is associated with self-reported delinquent behavior. For violent behavior, possessing a feared delinquent possible self moderates this relationship. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.