COVID-19 Related Racial Discrimination in Small Asian Communities: A Cross Sectional Study

Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health - Since the outbreak of COVID-19, there has been a surge of discrimination against Asians across the globe. However, there is a knowledge gap of COVID-19...     

Predictors of Mental Health Help-Seeking During COVID-19: Social Support,Emotion Regulation,and Mental Health Symptoms

The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research - Little is known about factors that contribute to mental health help-seeking during disasters beyond attitudes toward counseling. The...     

职业紧张对不同职业人群抑郁症状的影响

[目的]探讨职业紧张对不同职业人群抑郁症状的影响。[方法]采用横断面研究方法,调查上海市某区职业人群2458名,年龄为20～63岁。工作紧张评估采用中文工作内容问卷（C-JCQ）-9中文工作付出一回报（C．ERI）问卷,同时调查社会人7／特征与个体生活行为因素,抑郁症状使用流行病学研究抑郁量表（CES．D）。采用多因素非条件logistic回归分析社会人口特征与职业紧张因素对抑郁症状的影响。[结果]抑郁评估均分为（16．1±7．2）分,抑郁症状阳性率为44．0％。社会人口与行为特征因素中,职务、受教育程度、工作时间、吸烟与抑郁症状有统计学关联。职业紧张评估变量中,高工作紧张、低工作控制、低社会支持、高工作付出一回报不平衡、高内在驱动是抑郁症状的危险因素。[结论]社会人口特征与职业紧张因素均可能增加职业人群抑郁症状的风险。     

Multiple Job Holding and Mental Health among Low-Income Mothers

PurposeStudies have found considerable heterogeneity in the links between employment and mental health, finding that certain work conditions, such as nonstandard schedules and low job quality, are linked with poorer mental health. One largely overlooked facet of work is multiple job holding. In this article, we examine the link between multiple job holding and mental health among low-income mothers.MethodsWe used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (n = 7,844 person-wave observations), a longitudinal cohort study (1999–2016) of mostly low-income mothers in 20 large U.S. cities, to examine the link between multiple job holding and maternal depression and life dissatisfaction.ResultsAcross a number of different model specifications, we find that multiple job holding is associated with higher probabilities of depression (3–4 percentage points higher). We also find some weaker evidence that multiple job holding is associated with life dissatisfaction (2–4 percentage points higher). When we include measures of job quality and intensity, we continue to see an independent association between multiple job holding and mental health. We also find that the associations between multiple job holding and depression/life dissatisfaction are strongest for mothers who also work 45 hours or more per week, work nonstandard schedules, and have lower earnings.ConclusionsOur study suggests that multiple job holding is associated with a greater likelihood of experiencing depression and somewhat associated with greater life dissatisfaction and should be considered by mental health practitioners and researchers seeking to understand drivers of depression.     

Correlates of Mental Health Service Use Among Lesbian,Gay, and Bisexual Mothers and Prospective Mothers

ABSTRACT

Lesbian, gay, and bisexual women undertake parenting in a social context that may be associated with unique risk factors for perinatal depression. This cross-sectional study aimed to describe the mental health services used by women in the perinatal period and to identify potential correlates of mental health service use. Sixty-four women who were currently trying to conceive, pregnant, or the parent of a child less than one year of age were included. One-third of women reported some mental health service use within the past year; 30.6% of women reported a perceived unmet need for mental health services in the past year, with 40% of these women citing financial barriers as the reason for their unmet need. Women who were trying to get pregnant or who were less “out” were most likely to have had recent mental health service use. Women who had conceived by having sex with a man or who reported more than three episodes of discrimination were most likely to report unmet needs for mental health services. Providers may benefit from additional knowledge about the LBG social context that is relevant to perinatal health, and from identifying a strong referral network of skilled and affordable counsellors.     

1 902名高中学生危害健康行为及其相关因素分析

目的 了解中学生危害健康行为的流行特征并探讨其相关因素。方法 采用现场问卷调查方式，整群抽取合肥地区2所中学的1902名高中学生进行最近1年内危害健康行为及其相关因素的调查。结果 危害健康行为在中学生中普遍存在，伤害行为中，以骑车带人（61.7%)。去非游泳区游泳（17.7%)和认真考虑过自杀（17.1%)行为的发生率较高；不良生活方式中，吸烟率和饮酒率分别高达52.3%和84.2%,59.0%的学生报告缺乏体育锻炼；5.7%的学生报告有不恰当控制体重行为，逐步回归分析结果表明，中学生危害健康行为的发生与社会心理因素有关，尤其与中学生抑郁情绪有关。结论 应联合学校，家庭，社会，积极采取有效措施，加强中学生健康教育，提高其心理素质，以防止或降低中学生危害健康行为的发生。     

新冠疫情下护理人员心理健康状况研究

目的 了解疫情期间护理人员的心理健康状况,分析其影响因素,为护理人员进行心理预警干预和改善应对能力提供依据.方法 选取2021年4月至5月期间上海市浦东新区多家医院护理人员作为研究对象.运用突发性公共卫生事件心理问卷(PQEEPH)对护理人员的心理健康状况进行调查分析.采用主成分分析法对问卷条目进行降维处理,通过系统聚...     

Long-Term Symptoms among COVID-19 Survivors in Prospective Cohort Study,Brazil

We conducted a prospective cohort study in a population with diverse ethnic backgrounds from Brazil to assess clinically meaningful symptoms after surviving coronavirus disease. For most of the 175 patients in the study, clinically meaningful symptoms, including fatigue, dyspnea, cough, headache, and muscle weakness, persisted for >120 days after disease onset.     

Depression Among Portuguese Pregnant Women During Covid-19 Lockdown: A Cross Sectional Study

Maternal and Child Health Journal - Coronavirus disease 2019 was declared as a pandemic on March 2020. Research on its psychological effects is still lacking. Perinatal depression is a medical...     

Socio-Demographic Correlates of Injection Drug Use Among Male Drug Users: A Cross Sectional Study in Nepal

Drug abuse is one of the major public health problems in Nepal. The objective of this study is to explore the factors responsible for the injecting drug use in Nepal. A cross sectional study was conducted among drug users in Pokhara sub metropolitan city in Nepal. Taking prevalence of 20 % at 95 % confidence interval and 20 % non-response rate, 448 samples were calculated for face to face interviews. Most of the study participants were >24 year’s age. Sixty-one percentage of the participants were unemployed. The largest percentage belonged to Gurung/Rai/Pun (37 %) ethnic groups, and had completed secondary level of education (47.5 %). In the logistic regression analysis occupation, motivating factors for drug use, ever been to custody, age at first drug use, age at first sex, money spent on drugs, ever been rehabilitated and age of the respondents showed a statistically significant association with injecting drug use status. The respondents having business [Adjusted Odds ratio (aOR) 4.506, 95 % CI (1.677–12.104)], service [aOR 2.698, 95 % CI (a1.146-6.355], having tragedy/turmoil [aOR 3.867, 95 % CI (1.596–9.367)], family problem [aOR 2.010, 95 % CI (2.010–53.496)], had sex at >19 years [aOR 1.683, 95 % CI (1.017–2.785)], rehabilitated >2 times [aOR 4.699, 95 % CI (1.401–15.763)], >24 years age group [aOR 1.741, 95 % CI (1.025–2.957)] had higher odds of having injecting habits. Having money spent on drugs >3,000 NRs (300 USD) [aOR 0.489, 95 %CI (0.274–0.870), not been to custody (aOR 0.330, 95 %CI (0.203–0.537)] and having curiosity for drug use [aOR 0.147, 95 % CI (0.029–0.737)] were found to be protective for injecting drug use. This study recommends the harm reduction program specifically focused on drug users of occupational groups like business, service and the youths through public health actions to stop transiting them to injecting drug use.     

COVID-19 Symptoms and Deaths among Healthcare Workers,United States

We evaluated whether demographics and COVID-19 symptoms predicted COVID-19 deaths among healthcare workers (HCWs) in the United States by comparing COVID-19 deaths in HCWs with 3 control groups (HCW nondeaths, non-HCW deaths, and non-HCW nondeaths) using a case–control design. We obtained patient-level data of 33 variables reported during January 1, 2020–October 12, 2021, in all US states. We used logistic regression analysis while controlling for confounders. We found that persons who were >50 years of age, male, Black, or Asian experienced significantly more deaths than matched controls. In addition, HCWs who died had higher risks for the most severe clinical indicators. We also found that the most indicative symptoms were preexisting medical conditions, shortness of breath, fever, cough, and gastrointestinal symptoms. In summary, minority, male, and older HCWs had greater risk for COVID-19 death. Severe clinical indicators and specific symptoms may predict COVID-19–related deaths among HCWs.     

Racial/Ethnic Differences in the Correlates of Mental Health Services Use among Pregnant Women with Depressive Symptoms

Objectives To examine correlates of lifetime mental health services (MHS) use among pregnant women reporting prenatal depressive symptoms by race/ethnicity. Methods This cross-sectional population-based study included 81,910 pregnant women with prenatal depressive symptoms using data from the Florida Healthy Start prenatal screening program (2008–2012). Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to ascertain adjusted odds ratios and corresponding 95 % confidence intervals for racial/ethnic differences in the correlates of lifetime MHS use. Results Findings of this study revealed racial/ethnic differences in MHS use among women with prenatal depressive symptoms, the highest rates being among non-Hispanic Whites and the lowest rates among Mexicans and other Hispanics. Most need for care factors, including illness, tobacco use, and physical or emotional abuse, consistently predicted MHS use across racial/ethnic groups after adjusting for covariates. Adjusted associations between predisposing and enabling/restricting factors and MHS use were different for different racial/ethnic groups. Conclusions Racial/ethnic differences in MHS use were found, with pregnant Hispanic women reporting prenatal depressive symptoms being the least likely to use MHS. Our study findings have significant public health implications for targeted intervention for pregnant women with prenatal depressive symptoms.     

医院感染的横断面研究

本文为海南省人民医院医院感染的横断面研究——现患率调查。实查人数878例,现患率为5.13％。各科室现患率骨科最高(18.60％),其次是高干病房(13.24％),外科系统高于内科系统。感染部位主要为下呼吸道和术后伤口。有易感因素和施行侵入性操作病人感染率与普通病人相比,有显著性差异。     

Women's Substance Use and Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic

PurposeWomen are experiencing greater unemployment and increased stress from childcare responsibilities than men during the COVID-19 pandemic. Women with these experiences may be at particular risk for mental illness and increased substance use during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of the study was to assess women's substance use, mental health, and experiences of COVID-19 pandemic impacts.MethodsA national online survey was administered to adult women from September to November 2020. The survey included questionnaires assessing mental health, loneliness, intolerance for uncertainty, social support, substance use, and intimate partner violence (IPV).ResultsA total of 499 women responded; most were White, college educated, and in their mid-30s. Of the 20.24% who acknowledged at least one IPV problem, 29.7% stated that their IPV problems have gotten worse since the pandemic began, and 16.83% said that they have increased their drug or alcohol use to cope with their relationship problems. Anxiety, perceived daily impact of COVID-19, and lower self-efficacy were significant predictors of COVID-19 anxiety. Those with risky alcohol use had significantly higher anxiety (p = .028) and depression (p = .032) than those with low-risk alcohol use.ConclusionsGreater anxiety about COVID-19, greater reported changes in daily life due to the pandemic, and high-risk alcohol use are related to greater mental health–related distress among women. For some, IPV has gotten worse during the pandemic and drug or alcohol use is a coping mechanism.     

Persistence of Mental Health Deterioration Among People Living Alone During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Periodically-repeated Longitudinal Study

BackgroundThis longitudinal study aimed to investigate how psychological distress levels changed from early to middle phases of the new coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic depending on the living arrangements of individuals.MethodsAn internet-based, longitudinal survey of 2,400 Japanese people was conducted every 5–6 weeks between February 2020 and January 2021. The presence of severe psychological distress (SPD) was measured using the Kessler’s psychological distress scale. Living arrangements were classified into two groups (ie, living alone or living with others). Mixed-effects logistic regression analysis was performed to assess whether changes in SPD status were different depending on living arrangements.ResultsOf 2,400 respondents, 446 (18.5%) lived alone. Although the proportion of SPD in both individuals living alone and those living with others increased to the same extent in the early phase of the pandemic, the distress levels decreased after the early phase of the pandemic in the group living with others, compared with the group living alone, for which SPD remained high. The odds ratio (OR) of developing SPD in interaction term with survey phases tended to be higher among those who lived alone than those who lived with others in Phase 6 (OR 1.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.99–3.64) and Phase 7 (OR 1.88; 95% CI, 0.97–3.63).ConclusionDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, those living alone are persistently at a higher risk of SPD compared to those living with others. Effective countermeasures targeting those living alone, such as enhancing online communication or providing psychological therapies, are essential.Key words: living arrangement, novel coronavirus, K6, psychological distress     

Caregiver willingness to vaccinate their children against COVID-19: Cross sectional survey

BackgroundMore than 100 COVID-19 vaccine candidates are in development since the SARS-CoV-2 genetic sequence was published in January 2020. The uptake of a COVID-19 vaccine among children will be instrumental in limiting the spread of the disease as herd immunity may require vaccine coverage of up to 80% of the population. Prior history of pandemic vaccine coverage was as low as 40% among children in the United States during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic.PurposeTo investigate predictors associated with global caregivers’ intent to vaccinate their children against COVID-19, when the vaccine becomes available.MethodAn international cross sectional survey of 1541 caregivers arriving with their children to 16 pediatric Emergency Departments (ED) across six countries from March 26 to May 31, 2020.Results65% (n = 1005) of caregivers reported that they intend to vaccinate their child against COVID-19, once a vaccine is available. A univariate and subsequent multivariate analysis found that increased intended uptake was associated with children that were older, children with no chronic illness, when fathers completed the survey, children up-to-date on their vaccination schedule, recent history of vaccination against influenza, and caregivers concerned their child had COVID-19 at the time of survey completion in the ED. The most common reason reported by caregivers intending to vaccinate was to protect their child (62%), and the most common reason reported by caregivers refusing vaccination was the vaccine’s novelty (52%).ConclusionsThe majority of caregivers intend to vaccinate their children against COVID-19, though uptake will likely be associated with specific factors such as child and caregiver demographics and vaccination history. Public health strategies need to address barriers to uptake by providing evidence about an upcoming COVID-19 vaccine’s safety and efficacy, highlighting the risks and consequences of infection in children, and educating caregivers on the role of vaccination.     

Company Characteristics,Disability Inclusion Practices,and Employment of People with Disabilities in the Post COVID-19 Job Economy: A Cross Sectional Survey Study

Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation - Purpose In the post coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) recession economy, rehabilitation counselors, transition specialists, and other disability service...