Carotid intima media thickness in patients with sporadic idiopathic hypoparathyroidism: a pilot study

Alteration in calcium and phosphate levels predisposes to increase in carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) as in chronic kidney disease. However, information on CIMT changes is lacking in patients with sporadic idiopathic hypoparathyroidism (SIH) which is also a disorder of altered calcium and phosphate levels and hence, we planned this case-control study. In this study, we compared CIMT in 18 consecutive patients of SIH, with age and sex matched healthy subjects. CIMT was measured by B-mode ultrasonography by a single trained operator blinded to subject's details. CIMT values in patients with SIH were significantly higher than healthy subjects (0.63 ± 0.06 mm vs 0.47 ± 0.07 mm, p<0.001). Despite, healthy subjects had higher body mass index, higher low density lipoprotein cholesterol and fasting plasma glucose, CIMT was higher in subjects with SIH. Neither clinical nor biochemical parameters correlated with CIMT in patients with SIH except age. In conclusion, sporadic idiopathic hypoparathyroidism is associated with increased CIMT but biochemical parameters do not correlate with CIMT.     

老年耐药肺结核的结核杆菌药敏特点分析

目的探讨老年耐药肺结核的结核杆菌的药敏特点方法所有病例均为解放军第309医院2006年3月至2010年10的住院患者,其中28例老年耐药肺结核患者男21例,女7例,平均年龄（67±8）岁,同期随机抽取非老年耐药肺结核患者32例作为对照,其中男23例,女9例,平均年龄（32±8）岁。所有患者痰结核杆菌培养均采用L-J罗氏培养基Bactec-MGIT960快速培养及药敏试验。两组资料结果用SPSS 12.0软件包进行统计学分析结果两组病例耐药药物顺序前四位均为S,H,R,E,老年组耐2～3种药共17例,占60.71%,非老年组共10例,占31.25%;耐3～4种药非老年组共19例,占59.38%,老年组共14例,占50%,老年组以耐2～3种为主,非老年组以耐3～4种药为主,统计学分析差异显著;结果还显示两组药物敏感率均以KOP最高。结论对老年肺结核患者,应加强督导化疗,减少耐药病例的产生。对已耐药的病例,应根据药敏结果选择敏感药物进行化疗;在药敏结果未报之前,可选用包含KOP的方案进行化疗,以提高疗效。     

微量白蛋白尿与急性缺血性卒中患者短期转归的相关性

目的 探讨尿微量白蛋白(microalbuminuria, MAU)与急性缺血性卒中患者短期转归的关系.方法 前瞻性纳入住院治疗的连续急性缺血性卒中患者.入院后次日晨起留取首次尿标本测定尿白蛋白/肌酐比率(urine albumin/ creatinine ratio, UACR),UACR 30~300 mg/g定义为MAU阳性.入院时采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, NIHSS)评价卒中严重程度,出院时采用改良Rankin量表(modified Rankin Scale, mRS)评价功能转归,0~2分定义为转归良好.结果 共纳入244例急性缺血性卒中患者,其中53例(21.72%)MAU阳性,67例(27.50%)转归不良.单变量分析显示,MAU阳性组患者年龄、基线NIHSS评分、收缩压、空腹血糖、球蛋白、D-二聚体、白细胞计数、中性粒细胞以及缺血性心脏病构成比显著高于MAU阴性组(P均<0.05).转归不良组基线NIHSS评分、空腹血糖、纤维蛋白原、间接胆红素、直接胆红素、C反应蛋白、D-二聚体、白细胞计数、中性粒细胞以及MAU阳性患者构成比显著高于转归良好组(P均<0.05).多变量logistic回归分析显示,MAU[优势比(odds ratio, OR)1.520,95%可信区间(confidence interval, CI)1.151~1.794;P=0.031]、基线NIHSS评分(OR 1.570,95% CI 1.357~1.808;P<0.001)是急性缺血性卒中患者短期转归不良的独立危险因素.结论 急性缺血性卒中患者的MAU发生率较高,MAU阳性可作为急性缺血性卒中患者短期转归不良的独立预测指标之一.     

血清尿酸浓度对急性缺血性卒中患者短期转归的影响:回顾性病例系列研究

目的 探讨血清尿酸浓度对急性缺血性卒中患者短期转归的影响.方法 选取就诊的缺血性卒中患者,根据出院时改良Rankin量表(modified Rankin Scale,mRS)评分将患者分为转归良好组(mRS评分0～2分)和转归不良组(mRS评分3～6分),比较两组基线美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评分、血清尿酸(serum uric acid,SUA)水平以及其他人口统计学和临床资料.结果 共纳入311例急性缺血性卒中患者,转归良好组185例,转归不良组126例.转归不良组基线NIHSS评分(中位数,四分位间距)[7(4 ～11)分对3(2 ～4)分;Z=9.858,P=0.001]、既往2型糖尿病(29.4％对14.1％;x2=10.877,P=0.001)和TIA史(27.8％对17.8％;x2=4.335,P=0.037)患者构成比显著性高于转归良好组,而SUA水平[(331.984±118.995) mmol/L对(363.276±100.743) mmol/L;t=2.497,P=0.013]和NIHSS评分＜9分的患者构成比(63.5％对96.8％;x2 =59.562,P=0.000)显著性低于转归良好组.SUA较低四分位数组基线NIHSS评分和出院mRS评分更高(P均＜0.01).多变量logistic回归分析显示,SUA增高为急性缺血性卒中患者短期转归的独立保护因素(优势比0.997,95％可信区间0.995 ～0.999;P =0.016).结论 SUA增高是急性缺血性卒中患者短期转归的独立保护因素.     

症状性颈动脉狭窄对急性脑梗死患者短期预后的影响

目的评估症状性颈动脉狭窄对急性缺血性脑梗死短期预后的影响。方法选取前循环急性缺血性脑梗死患者421例,通过血管影像学检查评估颈动脉,根据颈动脉狭窄程度分为颈动脉重度狭窄组44例,中度狭窄组43例和轻度或无狭窄组334例。采用多元logistic回归分析评估颈动脉狭窄程度与急性脑梗死短期预后的关系。结果与中度狭窄组和轻度或无狭窄组比较,重度狭窄组病死率、神经功能恶化和不良转归比例更大,住院时间更长(P<0.05,P<0.01)。多元logistic分析显示,与中度狭窄组比较,重度狭窄组患者死亡风险更高(OR=2.564,95%CI:0.469¹4.009),神经功能恶化(OR=2.037,95%CI:0.74214.009),神经功能恶化(OR=2.037,95%CI:0.742⁵.922)、不良转归更严重(OR=2.347,95%CI:0.9885.922)、不良转归更严重(OR=2.347,95%CI:0.988⁵.577)和住院时间延长(OR=7.000,95%CI:2.6625.577)和住院时间延长(OR=7.000,95%CI:2.662¹8.409)。结论症状性颈动脉重度狭窄是急性脑梗死短期不良预后的独立预测因素,因此,针对症状性颈动脉重度狭窄的患者应尽早采取积极的干预措施。     

血清尿酸、胆红素水平与急性缺血性卒中患者近期转归的相关性

目的：探讨基线尿酸水平及胆红素水平与急性缺血性卒中患者短期转归的关系。方法收集缺血性卒中患者的临床资料,包括入院时血清尿酸和胆红素水平、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, NIHSS)评分、出院时或第14天时改良 Rankin 量表(modified Rankin Scale, mRS)评分(0~2分定义为转归良好,>2分定义为转归不良)。结果共纳入急性缺血性卒中患者162例,转归良好组114例,转归不良组48例。2组之间糖尿病(51．75%对75．00%;χ2=7．526,P =0．006)、既往卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作( transient ischemic attack, TIA)史(18．42%对50．00%;χ2=17．790, P <0．001)的患者构成比以及基线舒张压[(87．061±12．245)mmHg 对(82．375±10．949)mmHg,1 mmHg =0．133 kPa;t =2．293,P =0．023]、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇[(1．604±0．299)mmol/L 对(1．265±0．206)mmol/L; t =3．227, P =0．002]、空腹血糖[(2．875±0．438)mmol/L 对(8．160±0．592)mmol/L; t =-4．761, P <0．001)]、尿酸[(289．365±77．168)μmol/L 对(248．206±66．206)μmol/L; t =3．111, P =0．002]、总胆红素[(14．673±2．213)μmol/L 对(10．395±2．714)μmol/L; t =3．779, P <0．001]、直接胆红素[(6．036±1．392)μmol/L 对(4．956±1．379)μmol/L; t =2．088, P =0．038]、间接胆红素[(8．634±2．307)μmol/L 对(5．439±1．223)μmol/L;t =4．219,P <0．001]水平存在显著差异。多变量 logistic回归分析显示,既往卒中或 TIA 史[优势比(odds ratio, OR)3．751,95%可信区间(confidence interval, CI)1．395~10．091;P =0．009]和基线 NIHSS 评分(OR 2．723,95% CI 1．093~6．783;P =0．031)是缺血性卒中转归不良的独立危险因素,而尿酸(OR 0．357,95% CI 0．141~0．900;P =0．029)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(OR 0．262,95% CI 0．079~0．870;P =0．029)和间接胆红素(OR 0．117,95% CI 0．025~0．539;P =0．006)与转归良好独立相关。结论基线尿酸和间接胆红素水平增高是急性缺血性卒中患者转归良好的有利因素。     

脂肪因子与老年急性缺血性脑卒中血管内介入治疗短期预后的关系

目的探讨脂肪因子在老年急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)血管内介入治疗短期预后中的价值。方法选择AIS患者86例(AIS组),AIS组又根据入院时美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分分为轻度组20例、中度组54例和重度组12例,术后24 h NIHSS评分分为好转组47例和未好转组39例,术后3个月改良Rankin量表评分分为预后良好组62例和预后不良组24例。收集同期我院健康体检者50例(对照组)。比较各组血清脂肪因子(内脂素、趋化素、抵抗素及网膜素1)水平;并采用logistic回归分析短期预后的影响因素。结果AIS组血清内脂素、趋化素及抵抗素水平明显高于对照组,网膜素1水平明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。重度组血清内脂素、趋化素、抵抗素水平明显高于轻度组,中度组和重度组网膜素1水平明显低于轻度组(P<0.05)。预后不良组内脂素、趋化素及入院时NIHSS评分明显高于预后良好组(P<0.05,P<0.01),网膜素1和早期神经功能好转比例明显低于预后良好组[(170.09±21.09)g/Lvs(158.97±17.13)g/L,P=0.024;61.3%vs 37.5%,P=0.047]。logistic回归分析显示,高血压、糖尿病、内脂素、趋化素、入院时NIHSS评分及早期神经功能好转是AIS患者短期预后的独立影响因素(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论血清内脂素、趋化素、抵抗素和网膜素1水平与AIS的发病、病情严重程度密切相关,同时内脂素和趋化素水平是老年AIS患者短期预后不良的预测因素。     

机器学习在急性缺血性卒中并发症中的应用进展

机器学习在脑血管疾病诊疗中的应用是目前研究的热点.作者从急性缺血性卒中并发症的角度,总结不同机器学习模型在急性缺血性卒中并发症的发生、危险因素预测、影像图像分割及发病机制应用中的研究进展,以期为国内研究者提供参考.     

尿酸与急性缺血性脑卒中患者病情严重程度和预后的相关性研究

目的探讨血尿酸水平与急性缺血性脑卒中患者入院时病情严重程度和短期预后的关系。方法选择急性缺血性脑卒中患者496例,根据血尿酸水平分为高尿酸组119例,正常尿酸组377例。收集人口统计学信息、生活方式、疾病史、入院时尿酸水平等,评估患者入院时及出院时临床神经功能。以尿酸274、338和411mmol/L为截取点比较不同血尿酸水平患者短期预后的差异。结果高尿酸组尿酸、神经功能好转率明显高于正常尿酸组[(438.30±80.24)mmol/L vs(274.50±84.82)mmol/L,P=0.000;(62.00±22.00)%vs(57.00±15.00)%,P=0.005],出院时美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表评分明显低于正常尿酸组[(4.80±2.21)分vs(5.60±3.58)分,P=0.022]。与尿酸≥412μmol/L患者比较,尿酸≤274μmol/L患者预后不良明显升高(45.2%vs 29.6%,P<0.05)。结论血尿酸水平与急性缺血性脑卒中患者入院时病情严重程度无相关性,血尿酸水平升高有助于缺血性脑卒中早期神经功能恢复,提示高尿酸水平对急性缺血性脑卒中具有一定的保护作用。     

Triglyceride-glucose index and short-term functional outcome and in-hospital mortality in patients with ischemic stroke

Background and aimsThe triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index has been demonstrated as an independent marker of ischemic stroke. Whether TyG index predicts short-term outcomes in patients with ischemic stroke remains uncertain. The aim of the study was to investigate the early prognosis value of TyG index in ischemic stroke patients.Methods and ResultsA total of 3216 acute ischemic stroke patients from 22 hospitals were included in this analysis. The TyG index was calculated as ln (fasting triglyceride [mg/dL] × fasting glucose [mg/dL]/2). Logistic regression model was performed to estimate the relationship between TyG index and unfavorable functional outcome of death or disability (modified Rankin Scale score of 4–6) at discharge. Risk reclassification with TyG index to predict unfavorable functional outcome was analyzed.During hospitalization, 748 patients (23.3%) experienced poor functional outcome and 105 patients (3.3%) died from all causes. The multivariable adjusted odds ratios for the highest versus lowest quartile of TyG index was 1.62 (95% CI 1.15–2.29) for unfavorable functional outcome at discharge. The addition of TyG index to the conventional model improved the risk reclassification (net reclassification improvement 10.37%; integrated discrimination improvement 0.27%; both p < 0.05) for poor functional outcome. Moreover, TyG index was associated with an odds ratio (95% CI) of 1.26 (1.02–1.55) for an ordinal shift in mRS score and 2.49 (1.21–5.12) for in-hospital mortality.ConclusionsHigher TyG index was associated with higher risk of unfavorable functional outcome at discharge and in-hospital mortality, implicating the significant short-term prognostic effect of TyG index in patients with ischemic stroke.     

Significance of elevated blood pressure and its management on the short-term outcome of patients with acute ischemic stroke

BACKGROUND: The objectives of this study were to characterize blood pressure (BP) in acute ischemic stroke and to determine its relationship with short-term functional outcome. METHODS: We examined 24-h BP recordings in 434 patients with ischemic stroke (lacunar stroke [LS], n = 205; non-lacunar stroke [NLS], n = 229) and in 178 normotensive subjects. Stroke severity was evaluated by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Patients found to be hypertensive on BP recordings on day 1 were given captopril or amlodipine. The primary outcome was both moderate-to-severe disability (Rankin scale scores 4 to 6) on day 7 or death during hospital stay. RESULTS: Patients with LS and NLS had significantly higher systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP levels than control subjects. On day 1, patients with NLS showed significantly higher NIHSS scores, SBP, and heart rate (HR) levels than LS patients. In the multivariate analysis, combined death or dependency was associated with NIHSS score (odds ratio [OR] = 1.08 per 1-point increase, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04 to 1.13), 24-h SBP >160 mm Hg (OR = 2.35, 95% CI = 1.10 to 5.52), and plasma glucose levels >125 mg/dL on admission (OR = 1.88, 95% CI =1.03 to 3.57), whereas a decrease in SBP on day 7 (OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.24 to 0.88) was associated with better short-term outcome. CONCLUSIONS: At presentation, NLS patients showed higher BP levels than LS patients. Moderate reductions in BP during the first week after admission were associated with short-term functional improvement in patients with acute ischemic stroke.     

血管生成素1与急性缺血性脑卒中患者短期预后的相关性

目的探讨血管生成素1与急性缺血性脑卒中患者短期预后的相关性。方法选取2017年12月至2018年12月湖北省恩施土家族苗族自治州中心医院脑病科,接受治疗的急性缺血性脑卒中患者100例,检测患者入院第2天外周血中血管生成素1水平。按照3个月后改良Rankin量表评分(mRS评分)将患者分为预后良好组(0～2分)和预后不良组(3～6分)。ROC曲线被用于评估血管生成素1对预后不良诊断价值,观察血管生成素1与急性缺血性脑卒中患者短期预后的相关性。结果共32例患者预后不良。预后不良组患者血糖、甘油三酯水平,合并心房颤动比例、脑卒中史、治疗前美国国立研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分高于预后良好组,血管生成素1水平低于预后良好组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。血管生成素1诊断短期预后不良的最佳临界点为3.02 ng/mL,灵敏度为63.2%,特异度为78.4%。ROC曲线下面积为0.74。溶栓前血糖、甘油三酯、血管生成素1、治疗前NIHSS评分是急性缺血性脑卒中患者短期预后不良的独立影响因素(OR=1.654、1.549、1.224、2.777,均P <0.05)。结论急性缺血性脑卒中患者血管生成素1降低者预后不良,血管生成素1或可作为急性缺血性脑卒中短期预后不良的预测指标。     

血液生物学标记物与急性缺血性卒中患者的神经功能转归

急性缺血性卒中具有高发病率、高致死率和高致残率等特点,严重影响着中老年人群的健康,寻找影响急性缺血性卒中患者神经功能转归的相关因素,并对其干预是该领域的研究热点之一.近年来的研究显示,基质金属蛋白酶-9、神经元特异性烯醇化酶、S-100B蛋白、脑利钠肽、和肽素、血脂、血糖等血液学指标均可能与急性缺血性卒中患者的神经功能转归有关.     

Carotid intima media thickness is increased and associated with morning cortisol in subjects with non-functioning adrenal incidentaloma

Data regarding cardiovascular risk in subjects with non-functioning adrenal adenoma are limited. The objectives of this study are to investigate carotid intima media thickness (IMT) as an indicator of atherosclerosis in subjects with non-functioning adrenal incidentaloma (AI) and to evaluate the factors that could be associated with IMT. Forty-nine subjects without findings of hypercortisolism or other adrenal gland disorders, 34 body mass index (BMI)-unmatched controls (C) and 18 BMI-matched controls (BC) were enrolled. Participants underwent hormonal evaluation including morning cortisol, adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), post dexamethasone suppression test cortisol (DST), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), and urinary free cortisol. Anthropometric and metabolic parameters and carotid IMT were measured. AI group had increased BMI, blood pressure, waist circumference, post DST cortisol, uric acid, and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) levels when compared with C. Blood pressure, uric acid and, post DST cortisol remained significantly elevated in AI versus BC. Average IMT was increased significantly in AI versus C (0.74 mm vs. 0.68 mm, P = 0.029) and insignificantly elevated in AI versus BC (0.74 mm vs. 0.67 mm, P = 0.086). In all participants, IMT was correlated with age, BMI, HOMA, waist circumference, morning cortisol, and uric acid. Morning cortisol was independently associated with HOMA levels in both AI group and all participants. Increased IMT in non-functioning AI was a consequence of insulin resistant state associated with subtle cortisol autonomy rather than a direct effect of cortisol. The correlation between morning cortisol and IMT may be associated with the effect of hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis disturbances on vasculature.     

Prediction of long-term functional outcome in patients with acute ischemic non-embolic stroke

In a prospective observational study, we assessed the relative value of conventional stroke risk factors and emerging markers in the prediction of functional outcome of patients surviving the acute phase of an ischemic non-embolic stroke. All available eligible patients consecutively admitted due to a first-ever acute ischemic non-embolic stroke during a 2-year period were evaluated. In a total of 105 patients (54 males, 51 diabetic) a series of clinical, biochemical and imaging characteristics were recorded, including demographic data, blood pressure, serum glucose, insulin, lipids, inflammatory markers, intima-media thickness of the carotid arteries (IMT), brain damage location and size of the infarct volume. Barthel Activities of Daily Living Index (BI) scale was used to assess the severity of neurological deficit on admission and the functional outcome 6 months after discharge. Brain infarct volume, stroke location in the anterior circulation, age, diabetes mellitus, IMT and plasma interleukin-1beta levels proved to be significant determinants of long-term functional outcome, assessed by BI disability score. ROC curve analyses indicated that the infarct volume is superior to other predictors in the diagnosis of patients with unfavorable functional outcome (BI<95) at 6 months post-discharge (area under the curve, AUC=0.80, 95% confidence interval 0.64-0.95; p=0.003). Significant differences in the mean infarct volume were noted among age tertiles, with the diabetic patients in the 3rd tertile of age experiencing the worst outcome (LSD test, p=0.019). Taken together, the assessment of infarct volume seems to have a significant predictive value regarding long-term functional outcome, especially in the elderly diabetic patients.     

Plasma neurofilament light chain: A biomarker predicting severity in patients with acute ischemic stroke

Neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels have proved to be a good biomarker in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) correlating with the degree of neuronal injury and neurodegeneration. However, little is known about the value of plasma neurofilament light chain (pNfL) levels in predicting the clinical prognosis of patients with acute cerebral infarction. This study aimed to explore whether pNfL could be used as a biomarker to predict the severity of the outcomes of acute ischemic stroke (AIS).Patients with AIS were included from the Department of Neurology of the First People’s Hospital of Bengbu City from January 2018 to May 2019, as well as health control (HC). The plasma levels of NfL in patients with AIS (n = 60) at 2 days, 7 days, and 6 months after stroke, as well as in HCs (n = 60) were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay(ECL) on the Meso Scale Discovery platform. Stroke severity was analyzed at admission using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score. Functional outcomes were assessed at different times using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and Barthel Index.The mean level of pNfL in patients with ischemic stroke (IS) at 2 days (225.86 pg/L) after stroke was significantly higher than that in HC (107.02 pg/L) and gradually increased 7 days after stroke (316.23 pg/L) (P < .0001). The mean level of pNfL in patients with IS at 6 months after stroke was 173.38 pg/L, which was still significantly higher than that of HC. The levels of pNfL at 7 days after stroke independently predicted modified Rankin Scale scores (mRS) (R = 0.621, P < .001), Barthel Index (R = –0.716, P < .001), and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (R = –0.736, P < .001). The diagnostic severity and prognosis were evaluated by ROC curve, an area under the receiver operator curve of 0.812 (P = .001, 95% CI: 0.69–0.93) at 7 days.Plasma NfL levels reflect neuronal injury after AIS. It changes with time and has a certain relationship with prognosis and may be a promising biomarker for predicting the severity of neuroaxonal injury in patients with acute IS.     

急性缺血性卒中患者的出血性转化与转归的相关性

目的:探讨出血性转化（hemorrhagic transformation, HT）及其不同亚型对急性缺血性卒中（acute ischemic stroke, AIS）患者临床转归的影响。方法:回顾性纳入2018年1月至2021年1月河南省人民医院收治的发病24 h内的AIS患者。HT定义为AIS发病后7 d内CT复查...     

Temporal muscle thickness is associated with the severity of dysphagia in patients with acute stroke

BackgroundPost-stroke dysphagia is a common and expensive complication of acute stroke. The relationship between dysphagia and skeletal muscle loss (sarcopenia) has been recently highlighted. This study aimed to determine the relationship between temporal muscle thickness (TMT) measured by head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and dysphagia in patients with acute stroke.MethodsSeventy participants (43 men and 27 women; mean age, 75.6 ± 12.7 years) were included in this study. TMT was measured by T2-magnetic resonance images within seven days of hospitalization. The severity of dysphagia was assessed using the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS). Participants were classified into three categories according to the severity of dysphagia (severe: FOIS score, 1–3; mild: FOIS score, 4–6; normal: FOIS score, 7). Linear regression analysis was used to determine the independent explanators of dysphagia severity.ResultsTwenty participants (28.6%) had severe dysphagia, 31 participants (44.3%) had mild dysphagia, and 19 participants (27.1%) had normal swallowing function at discharge. The results of the linear regression analysis showed that TMT was a significant explanator of dysphagia severity following stroke, along with age and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score (P < 0.05, effect size: f² = 0.72).ConclusionsTMT was an independent risk factor for dysphagia in patients with acute stroke. Skeletal muscle loss may be secondarily involved in dysphagia with acute stroke, and measurement of TMT with head MRI is a useful method to assess skeletal muscle loss.     

胚胎型大脑后动脉与急性缺血性卒中患者梗死分布和卒中严重程度的相关性

目的 探讨胚胎型大脑后动脉(Fetal-type posterior cerebral artery, FTP)与急性缺血性卒中患者梗死分布和卒中严重程度的相关性.方法 回顾性纳入急性缺血性卒中患者.根据磁共振血管造影结果分为FTP组和非FTP组,前者进一步分为完全型FTP(complete FTP, cFTP)和部分型FTP(partial FTP, pFTP).根据弥散加权成像结果将梗死部位分为大脑前动脉(anterior cerebral artery, ACA)供血区、大脑中动脉(middle cerebral artery, MCA)供血区、大脑后动脉(posterior cerebral artery, PCA)供血区及椎基底动脉(vertebrobasilar artery, VBA)供血区.根据美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, NIHSS)评价卒中严重程度,<8分定义为轻度卒中,≥8分定义为中重度卒中.多变量logistic回归分析确定FTP与梗死分布和卒中严重程度的相关性.结果 共纳入647例急性缺血性卒中患者,201例(31.1%)存在FTP,其中cFTP 162例(25.0%),pFTP 39例(6.0%).多变量logistic回归分析显示,cFTP和pFTP是MCA供血区梗死的独立危险因素[cFTP:优势比(odds ratio, OR)24.714,95%可信区间(confidence interval, CI)10.952~45.766,P<0.001;pFTP:OR 14.526,95% CI 6.832~25.931,P<0.001]和PCA供血区梗死的独立保护因素(cFTP:OR 0.214,95% CI 0.022~0.531,P<0.001;pFTP:OR 0.326,95% CI 0.018~0.739,P<0.001),同时也是急性缺血性卒中严重程度的独立危险因素(cFTP:OR 22.138,95% CI 12.492~64.067,P<0.001;cFTP:OR 19.510,95% CI 8.956~23.514,P<0.001).结论:cFTP和pFTP是MCA供血区梗死的独立危险因素和PCA供血区梗死的独立保护因素,同时也是中重度卒中的独立危险因素.FTP与急性缺血性卒中患者的梗死分布和卒中严重程度相关.