Years Participating in Sports During Childhood Predicts Mental Health in Adolescence: A 5-Year Longitudinal Study

PurposeSport participation promotes mental health and prevents mental illness. However, the association between specific sport profiles and mental health has not been examined. We investigate the longitudinal association between number of years with a recreational or performance sport profile and mental health during adolescence and whether these associations differ by sex.MethodsParticipants (n = 318, 58.2% female) reported participation in sport every 4 months over 5 years, from ages 10–11 to 14–15 years. Each year, they were categorized as recreational or performance sport participants or as nonparticipants. Mental health was assessed at age 15–16 years. Multivariate linear regression was used to model the association between number of years (0–5) with a recreational and performance sport profile and mental health, controlling for sex, age, income, and age at puberty.ResultsA recreational sport profile for ≥2 years was associated with better mental health compared with 0 years of recreational sport participation; the strongest association was observed for a recreational sport profile of 4–5 years ($\widehat{\text{β}}$ [95% confidence interval]: 10.29 [2.60, 17.98]). A performance sport profile for ≥1 year was associated with better mental health in late adolescence compared with 0 years of performance sport participation; the strongest association was observed for a performance sport profile of 4–5 years ($\widehat{\text{β}}$ [95% confidence interval]: 19.48 [9.50, 29.46]). No differences by sex were observed.ConclusionBoth recreational and performance sport profiles in childhood and early adolescence are positively associated with mental health in late adolescence. To promote mental health, strategies to encourage youth to engage and remain involved in sport are warranted.     

吸烟青少年心理应激及其心理健康水平的研究

较高的心理应激水平及不良心理卫生状况与成人吸烟相关联已见于报道，文中对这一关系在青少年吸烟者中是否存在作一探讨。作者选取经常吸烟的中专男生及非吸烟者各241人为研究对象，运用社会经历量表（SEC），症状自评量表（SCL－90）进行评定。结果表明，吸烟青少年消极社会经历评分高而积极社会经历评分低，吸烟者心理健康不良呈多方面，包括躯体化、强迫、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执等症状显著高于对照组。结果提示，吸烟青少年心理应激水平高、心理健康水平低，在劝阻青少年吸烟教育过程中要关注情感因素。     

生活环境因素与青少年心理健康的关系研究

目的了解生活环境因素与青少年心理健康的关系,为提高青少年心理健康水平提供依据。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)及有关因素问卷对大学生15787名进行测查。结果农村生长的青少年心理健康水平低于城市及县城生长者,幼年由父母抚养的青少年心理健康水平高于由亲友抚养者,独生子女心理健康水平高于非独生子女,家庭经济收入较低的青少年的心理健康水平低于家庭经济收入较高者。结论生活环境因素与青少年心理健康有一定关系。     

未婚青少年人工流产者生殖健康知识与心理健康状况调查

目的了解未婚人工流产青少年生殖健康相关知识的知晓情况及心理健康状况,为医院有针对性地对该人群提供完善的流产后心理疏导及院内避孕咨询提供支持。方法采用Zung抑郁自评量表(SDS)、Zung焦虑自评量表(SAS)及医院自行编制的生殖健康调查问卷进行匿名调查,并对资料进行统计描述。结果 82例被调查者平均年龄21岁;23.0%是大学生身份;以非北京户籍为主;首次性行为时的平均年龄为18.9岁,最小仅16岁。47.5%的被调查者通过朋友获得避孕知识;18.0%的被调查者性传播疾病知识得分为0。81.7%的被调查者抑郁量表得分≥50,有抑郁倾向;67.1%的被调查者焦虑量表得分≥50,有焦虑倾向。结论未婚青少年人工流产者的主要特征是发生性行为时的年龄较低,缺乏相关的性及生殖健康知识,且存在明显的抑郁及焦虑倾向。     

心理障碍与心理健康

该文首先阐述了心理障碍的概念、界定标准和类别,随后讨论了目前在心理障碍对待中存在的矛盾和困难,以及对此应当如何应对,最后对心理障碍与心理健康的关系进行了分析,其主要表现为两个方面：一是心理障碍到心理健康是一个连续体,大致可分为心理疾病式障碍、心理机能正常式人格健全3个层次;二是心理健康是一种动态过程,而不是某种绝对状态。     

心理障碍与心理健康

该文首先阐述了心理障碍的概念、界定标准和类别,随后讨论了目前在心理障碍对待中存在的矛盾和困难,以及对此应当如何应对,最后对心理障碍与心理健康的关系进行了分析,其主要表现为两个方面:一是心理障碍到心理健康是一个连续体,大致可分为心理疾病式障碍、心理机能正常式人格健全3个层次;二是心理健康是一种动态过程,而不是某种绝对状态。     

浅谈健康教育工作中的心理卫生服务

本文根据大连市健康教育专业机构开展心理卫生服务的实践经验,提出健康教育专业机构必须高度重视日渐增多的心理问题;实施心理卫生服务应采取多种手段,依靠专业人才做好心理健康教育工作等观点,对于健康教育专业机构开展并做好心理健康教育工作有一定的借鉴意义。     

Social Media and Mental Health Among Early Adolescents in Sweden: A Longitudinal Study With 2-Year Follow-Up (KUPOL Study)

PurposeThe aim of this study is to assess the longitudinal associations between the frequency of social media use and symptoms of mental ill-health among Swedish adolescents.MethodsData came from KUPOL, a Swedish school-based longitudinal cohort accrued in 101 participating schools in 8 regions of Sweden. The study sample consisted of 3,501 adolescents in grade 8 (14–15 years, 51.5%, n = 1,765 girls) followed for 2 consecutive years. Daily social media use was measured as weighted average of self-reported use in weekdays and weekend days. Mental health was measured with the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). A Random-Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model was applied to distinguish between-person from within-person associations between social media use and symptoms of mental ill-health.ResultsMedian SDQ score at baseline was 9 (interquartile range [IQR] 6–14). Median social media use was 1.7 hours at baseline (interquartile range .6–3.0) and increased over the 3-year period. Adolescents with more social media use also reported higher SDQ scores, B (95% confidence interval [CI]) = 2.40 (2.03–2.77). On a within-person level, no cross-lagged associations were found between changes in social media use and subsequent changes in symptoms of mental ill-health after 1 year, B (95% CI) = .02 (?.12 to .16) or vice versa B (95% CI) = .00 (?.02 to .02). Weak cross-sectional associations were found between changes in social media use and concurrent changes in symptoms of mental ill-health, B (95% CI) = .24 (.00–.48).ConclusionsAdolescents with higher use of social media report more symptoms of mental health problems, but there is no evidence for a longitudinal association between increased use and mental health problems. This suggests that social media may be rather an indicator than a risk factor for symptoms of mental ill-health.     

青少年的自我意识与心理健康的现状及其相关研究

目的　评价中学生的自我意识水平及心理健康状况 ,探讨自我意识与心理健康状况的相关关系。方法　用Piers Harris儿童自我意识量表和症状自评量表 (SCL - 90 )对北京市城区 3所中学初一、初二年级的学生 870人进行心理健康调查。结果　女生的自我意识量表总分以及行为、合群、幸福与满足分量表得分高于男生 ,男生焦虑分量表得分高于女生 ,差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 5)。自我意识水平在初中一、二年级之间差异无显著性。在SCL - 90评定量表结果中 ,总症状指数≥ 1的比例为 1 7.9% ,学生中轻度和中度以上问题发生率最多的分别是敌对 (31 .1 % ,7.5% )、强迫 (2 5 .2 % ,6 .3 % )和人际关系敏感 (2 3 .9% ,6 .9% )。男女生各因子得分差异无显著性 (P <0 .0 5)。自我意识评分与SCL - 90评分有较高负性相关 ,r=- 0 .51 5(P <0 .0 0 1 )。结论　女生的自我意识水平高于男生 ,但女生比男生更容易出现焦虑问题。青少年的自我意识水平与心理健康密切相关。学校教育中 ,应注意提高学生的自我意识 ,培养健全的人格特征。     

儿童期被徒手打经历对青少年心理健康的影响

目的 了解青少年儿童期被徒手打情况,探讨儿童期被徒手打经历的影响因素及其对学生心理健康的影响.方法 采用自填式问卷,对河北528名大学和中专学生儿童期被徒手打经历进行不记名调查.结果 有40.2%的学生报告在16岁前曾被他人严重徒手打过.学生报告童年期对其实施徒手打的人排在前5位的依次为教师（16.1%）、父亲（14.8%）、同学（13.4%）、母亲（11.4%）、陌生的未成年人（4.5%）.儿童期有过3次及以上被徒手打经历的学生其躯体化症状、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、偏执、精神病症状等因子分≥1的检出率均明显高于童年期没有被徒手打经历的学生.结论 在我国儿童被徒手打问题常见,儿童期被徒手打经历与青少年心理健康问题明显相关.     

Acculturation,Physical Activity,and Fast-Food Consumption Among Asian-American and Hispanic Adolescents

Previous studies have implicated acculturation to the US as a risk factor for unhealthy behaviors among Hispanic and Asian-American adolescents, including substance use, violence, and unsafe sex. This study examined the association between acculturation and obesity-related behaviorsphysical activity and fast-food consumptionamong 619 Asian-American and 1385 Hispanic adolescents in Southern California. Respondents completed surveys in 6th and 7th grade. The 6th grade survey assessed acculturation with the AHIMSA acculturation scale and a measure of English language usage. The 7th grade survey assessed frequency of moderate-to-intense physical activity and frequency of eating fast-food. Multiple regression analyses included acculturation and demographic covariates as predictors of physical activity and fast-food consumption. Acculturation to the US, assessed in 6th grade, was significantly associated with a lower frequency of physical activity participation and a higher frequency of fast-food consumption in 7th grade. The significant associations persisted after controlling for covariates and were consistent across gender and ethnic groups. Results suggest that acculturation to the US is a risk factor for obesity-related behaviors among Asian-American and Hispanic adolescents. Health promotion programs are needed to encourage physical activity and healthy diets among adolescents in acculturating families.     

Sweetened Soft Drinks Consumption Is Associated with Metabolic Syndrome: Cross-sectional Analysis from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)

Objective: To estimate the association between regular consumption of sweetened soft drinks, natural fruit juice, and coconut water with metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study including men and women aged 35–74 years from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) Study, excluding patients with type 2 diabetes. The main explanatory variables were beverage consumption and the outcome variable was metabolic syndrome (Adult Treatment Panel III).

Results: After adjustments, a daily intake of 250 ml of soft drink increased the chance of metabolic syndrome (odds ratio [OR] = 1.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.60–2.38). There was no association between coconut water and MetS. Moderate consumption of fruit juices has low odds of MetS compared to no consumption.

Conclusion: Our results add evidence to potential negative effects of sweetened soft drinks on cluster metabolic abnormalities in middle-income countries.     

Academic Expectations and Mental Health in Adolescence: A Longitudinal Study Involving Parents' and Their Children's Perspectives

PurposeWe investigated parental academic expectations and their agreement with child expectations as predictors of offspring's mental health. We additionally analyzed whether these associations were moderated by parent–child relationship factors and whether similar associations were found when using aspirations as the predictor.MethodsDyads of parents and children (aged 13 years) in Sweden answered three annual surveys asking how far in education parents (or their children) expected to go (respondents' wave 1: N = 3,383, wave 2: N = 3,096, wave 3: N = 2,905). Children's mental health was measured using the internalizing and externalizing subscales of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Multilevel logistic models for repeated measures were built to analyze the associations between parental expectations or the concordance of parent and child expectations and child's high internalizing (>9) or externalizing (>11) score in waves 2 and 3.ResultsParental expectations lower than university were associated with an increased odds of offspring's high externalizing score (adjusted odds ratio: 1.49, 95% confidence interval: 1.11–2.01). The odds of high externalizing score were increased among adolescents when either the parent's or own expectations were lower than university compared with the situation where both expected a university education; there was a more than twofold increased odds when both had low expectations (odds ratio: 2.32, 95% confidence interval: 1.55–3.48). No significant associations were found with internalizing problems. There was some evidence of moderation according to democratic parenting. All associations were similar when considering academic aspirations.ConclusionsLow academic expectations among parents and their children may negatively impact on children's externalizing symptoms.     

“融入”而非“隔离”:英国现代精神卫生政策的范式转换

长期以来,精神疾病是困扰人类社会的重要难题.在英国,政府借助于公共政策,介入于精神卫生问题的历史由来已久.纵观英国精神卫生政策的发展历程,"融入"而非"隔离"的理念逐渐成为该领域的主导哲学,并由此引发传统的精神卫生政策向现代精神卫生政策的范式转换.     

综合干预对离异家庭青少年个性和心理状况的影响

目的 探讨综合干预对离异家庭青少年个性持征和不良心理的影响,以便采取措施改善其不良心理和个性。方法 以来自2所中学和心理门诊的60例离异家庭青少年为研究对象,其中30名作为干预对象,其他为对照组,干预组的SCL-90抑郁分、EPQ情绪稳定分高于对照组(P<0.01);在人口学指标、亲子关系、父母养育方式、离异时间等方面,两组差异无显著性(P>0.05)。与学校联合,对干预组进行为期12～18个月的个体心理治疗和亲子关系、养育方式的干预。干预结束后,复测上述指标。结果 干预组的人格特征中神经质分(N)显著低于干预前(P<0.01),而精神质(P)和内外倾向(E)分差异无显著性(P>0.05),且SCL-90总分及因子分显著低于对照组(P<0.001)。结论 心理治疗和养育方式、亲子关系的综合干预,有助于改善研究对象的不良个性和心理问题。     

家长及教师对少年儿童心理健康的影响

目的 研究家长和教师对少年儿童心理健康的影响及预防对策。方法 采用《Achenback儿童行为量表》和《心理卫生知识问卷》调查并分析家长和教师对少年儿童心理健康的影响。结果 家长和教师的心理卫生知识水平及其心理健康水平对少年儿童心理健康存在明确的影响。结论 少年儿童心理健康的促进和心理行为问题的预防应从提高家长和教师的心理卫生知识水平及其心理健康水平着手。     

留守儿童心理健康状况的元分析

目的探索留守儿童与非留守儿童心理健康状况的差异。方法对国内基于心理健康诊断测验(Mental HealthTest,MHT)结果的13篇相关文献进行元分析。结果在MHT总分上,留守儿童得分高于非留守儿童,效果量(EffectSize,ES)较大(4.24[1.61,6.87],P0.01);在MHT各分量表上,留守儿童得分均高于非留守儿童,ES中等(0.41[0.16,0.66]～0.67[0.23,1.11],P0.01)。结论留守儿童心理健康状况差于非留守儿童,该群体的心理健康问题应当引起重视。