Adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma involving microvascular invasion

Background

Microvascular invasion (MVI) has recently been reported to be an independent prognostic factor in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study compared the outcomes of adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization (A-TACE) after hepatic resection (HR) in patients with HCC involving MVI.

合并微血管侵犯的肝癌肝移植受者的预后评价

目的  探讨合并微血管侵犯（MVI）的肝细胞癌（肝癌）肝移植受者的预后情况。方法  通过美国国立癌症研究所的监测、流行病学和最终结果（SEER）数据库提取行肝移植术的3 447例肝癌受者的临床资料。根据受者有否MVI分为MVI组（376例）和无MVI组（3 071例）。分析比较两组肝移植受者的预后情况,包括术后1、3、5年总生存率（OS）及肝癌特异生存率（LCSS）。纳入两组受者的相关临床资料,包括年龄、性别、人种、病理分化、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移、远处转移、肿瘤-淋巴结-转移（TNM）分期、MVI,采用多因素Cox模型分析肝癌肝移植受者预后的独立危险因素。绘制预测受者预后的列线图,通过一致性指数评价模型准确度。结果  无MVI组受者术后1、3、5年OS和LCSS分别为93.5%、82.1%、75.3%和98.3%、93.8%、90.7%,明显高于MVI组的88.8%、72.1%、68.4%和95.3%、83.1%、80.4%（均为P < 0.05）。多因素回归分析显示病理分化、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移、远处转移、TNM分期以及MVI均是影响肝癌肝移植受者OS与LCSS的独立危险因素（均为P < 0.05）。列线图一致性指数为0.624（0.602~0.648）。结论  MVI是肝癌肝移植受者预后的独立危险因素,与受者预后不良显著相关,以此为基础构建的列线图可预测患者预后情况。     

Anatomic versus non-anatomic resection of hepatocellular carcinoma with microvascular invasion: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The efficacy of anatomical resection (AR) and non-anatomical resection (NR) in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with microvascular invasion (MVI) remains unknown. This study compared the safety and outcomes of these surgical procedures. A systematic literature search was conducted. The main outcomes were overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS). Overall hazard ratio (HR) was calculated from Kaplan–Meier plots and outcomes using random-effects models. There was no significant difference in postoperative complications between the AR and NR groups (risk ratio [RR]: 0.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.72–1.17, p = 0.496). OS was higher with AR at 1 year (RR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.45–0.98, p = 0.037), 3 years (RR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.50–0.82, p = 0.000), and 5 years (RR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.65–0.89, p = 0.001). AR was associated with a higher OS rate (HR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.47–0.82, p = 0.001). AR was associated with improved DFS at 1 year (RR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.52 to 0.82, p = 0.000), 3 years (RR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.66 to 0.86, p = 0.000), and 5 years (95% CI: 0.75 to 0.94, p = 0.002). Compared with NR, AR had significant advantages on overall HR of DFS (HR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.45 to 0.91, p = 0.012). In conclusion, AR was associated with higher rates of OS and DFS in HCC patients with MVI. Thus, for well-presented liver function HCC patients which are predicted to have positive MVI, AR is recommended.     

基于肝细胞癌磁共振成像强化模式的术前微血管侵犯预测研究

目的:探讨肝细胞癌(HCC)患者术前肿瘤MRI影像学特征与强化模式在预测微血管侵犯(MVI)中的价值。方法:收集2017年1月至2019年6月在宁夏医科大学总医院行MRI检查并在肝胆外科行手术切除的孤立性HCC患者临床资料,按照术后病理诊断分为MVI(＋)与MVI(-)两组,分析MVI与HCC的扩散加权成像(DWI)信...     

Utilidad de la PET/TC 18-FDG en diagnóstico y seguimiento de tumores urológicos uroteliales y renales

Introduction

New imaging studies have appeared in recent years for the diagnosis and follow-up of metastatic urological tumours.

Postoperative adjuvant therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma with microvascular invasion

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal tumors in the world. Liver resection (LR) and liver transplantation (LT) are widely considered as radical treatments for early HCC. However, the recurrence rates after curative treatment are still high and overall survival is unsatisfactory. Microvascular invasion (MVI) is considered to be one of the important prognostic factors affecting postoperative recurrence and long-term survival. Unfortunately, whether HCC patients with MVI should receive postoperative adjuvant therapy remains unknown. In this review, we summarize the therapeutic effects of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy, tyrosine protein kinase inhibitor-based targeted therapy, and immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with MVI after LR or LT, aiming to provide a reference for the best adjuvant treatment strategy for HCC patients with MVI after LT or LR.     

切缘宽度对原发性肝癌合并微血管侵犯患者并发症及预后的影响

目的探讨解剖性肝切除术不同切缘宽度对原发性肝癌合并微血管侵犯（MVI）患者术后并发症及预后的影响。 方法回顾性选取2016年10月至2018年12月于快速康复外科下行解剖性肝切除术的96例原发性肝癌合并MVI患者病例资料。根据手术切缘宽度分组为宽切缘组（切缘≥10 mm,n=39例）和窄切缘组（切缘<10 mm,n=57例）。观察两组患者术后并发症发生率及并发症分级;Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析术后无复发生存（RFS）和总生存（OS）情况;COX回归模型分析不同切缘宽度对原发性肝癌合并MVI患者预后生存的影响。 结果宽切缘组患者术后并发症发生率为25.6%,窄切缘组患者并发症发生率为29.8%,两组并发症发生率及并发症Clavien-Dindo分级比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。宽切缘组患者术后5年累积RFS为33.3%,累积OS为41.0%;窄切缘组患者术后5年累积RFS为24.6%,累积OS为36.8%。宽切缘组累积RFS高于窄切缘组（Log-Rank χ²=4.029,P=0.045）,两组累积OS差异无统计学意义（Log-Rank χ²=0.837,P=0.402）。肿瘤直径、临床分期Ⅲ-Ⅳ期、肿瘤数目、淋巴结转移、包膜完整性及切缘<10 mm是影响患者术后无复发生存的独立危险因素（P<0.05）;肿瘤直径>5 cm、肿瘤多发灶、淋巴结转移是影响患者总生存的独立危险因素（P<0.05）,术后辅助治疗是保护因素。 结论快速康复外科下解剖性肝切除术中宽切缘对原发性肝癌合并MVI患者术后并发症的发生没有影响,增加切缘宽度能够提高患者术后无复发生存率,但不改善总生存率。     

18F-FDG PET/CT与多层螺旋CT在进展期胃癌术前TNM分期的对比研究

目的 应用18F-FDG PET/CT(PET/CT)与多层螺旋CT对进展期胃癌术前TNM分期进行对比研究,以期更客观地评估术前分期,指导治疗.方法 对术前行PET/CT检查的39例及MSCT检查的40例进展期胃癌,分别进行术前TNM分期,将检测结果与术中所见及病理进行对照.结果 PET/CT对原发灶、区域淋巴结、N3转移淋巴结的准确率分别为92.3%、66.7%、100.0%;而MSCT诊断的准确率分别为82.0%、50.0%、62.5%.结论 (1)PET/CT和多层螺旋CT对原发灶、区域淋巴结转移的准确率都较高,差异无统计学意义,由于多层螺旋CT临床应用广泛且费用远低于PET/CT,是首选的检测手段;(2)PET/CT对N3转移淋巴结、远处转移灶检测的准确率明显高于多层螺旋CT,为临床提供更为全面客观的术前分期,指导治疗;(3)由于PET/CT也存在一定假阴性,结合腹腔镜检可减少或避免不必要的剖腹术.     

肝细胞癌18F-FDG PET/CT最大标准化摄取值的影响因素

目的 探讨肝细胞癌的18F-FDG PET/CT最大标准化摄取值（SUVmax）与临床病理特征的关系。方法 回顾性分析上海交通大学附属新华医院2011年7月至2015年1月间35例行肝细胞癌手术切除患者的18F-FDG PET/CT影像学资料,对可能影响原发肿瘤SUVmax的因素,包括性别、年龄、肿瘤直径、病理分级、微血管癌栓、TMN分期、T分期、N分期进行单因素分析和多元回归分析,对原发肿瘤SUVmax预测淋巴结转移的诊断效能采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线进行分析。结果 单因素分析显示SUVmax与肿瘤直径、病理分级、TMN分期、N分期明显相关（P < 0.05）,与性别、年龄、微血管癌栓、T分期无明显相关（P > 0.05）。多元线性回归分析显示,病理分级、肿瘤直径、N分期是SUVmax的独立影响因素（P < 0．05）。当原发肿瘤SUVmax界值为8.78时诊断效率最高,敏感度为75％,特异度为87％。结论 肝癌SUVmax与肿瘤分化程度、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移显著相关,肝癌SUVmax对于淋巴结转移有预测价值。     

Predictors of microvascular invasion in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who are candidates for orthotopic liver transplantation

Microvascular invasion affects survival after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We sought to identify preoperative predictors of microvascular invasion in patients with HCC who were candidates for OLT. A cohort of 245 patients who underwent resection for HCC and fulfilled the criteria for OLT (i.e., single tumors ≤5 cm or no more than three tumors S3 cm) were identified from a multi-institutional database. Thirty-three percent of the patients had pathologic evidence of microvascular invasion. Thirty percent of patients with single tumors and 47% with multiple tumors had microvascular invasion (P = 0.04). Only 25% of patients with tumors smaller than ≤2 cm had microvascular invasion, compared to 31% and 50% with tumors greater than 2 to 4 cm or larger than 4 cm, respectively (P = 0.01). Tumor grade was highly correlated with microvascular invasion: 12% of patients with well-differentiated tumors had microvascular invasion, compared to 29% and 50% with moderately or poorly differentiated tumors, respectively (P < 0.001). The independent predictors of microvascular invasion were tumor size greater than 4 cm (odds ratio [OR], 3.0, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2 to 7.1), and high tumor grade (OR, 6.3; 95% CI, 2.0 to 19.9). Tumor size and grade are strong predictors of microvascular invasion. A tumor biopsy with pathologic grading at the time of pretransplantation ablative therapy could improve selection of patients with HCC for OLT. Presented at the Forty-Second Annual Meeting of The Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, Atlanta, Georgia, May 20–23, 2001. Supported by a T-32 Surgical Oncology Training Grant from the National Institutes of Health (N.F.E).     

肝细胞癌微血管侵犯的危险因素及其对预后的影响分析

背景与目的 肝细胞癌（HCC）在我国属于较常见的恶性肿瘤,根治性切除是其首选治疗方式,但是术后复发仍然严重影响患者的预后。在众多影响因素中,微血管侵犯（MVI）被认为是HCC患者术后复发风险的重要预测指标。因此,本研究探讨HCC患者MVI的危险因素及MVI对根治术术后预后的影响,以期为临床治疗提供更多的参考指标。方法 回顾性收集2017年2月—2020年2月中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九〇四医院肝胆外科收治的150例行HCC根治术患者的临床病理资料。病理检查证实42例有MVI,108例无MVI,通过两组患者的临床数据分析MVI的影响因素,通过随访数据分析两组患者术后的生存情况。结果 单变量分析结果显示,肿瘤最大直径、术前甲胎蛋白（AFP）、术前血小板（PLT）与HCC患者MVI发生有关（均P<0.05）。多变量分析结果显示,肿瘤最大直径（>5 cm）、术前AFP（≥400 μg/L）、术前PLT（>200×10⁹/L）也是HCC患者MVI发生的独立危险因素（均P<0.05）。150例患者均获得随访,随访时间范围12~48个月,中位时间为26个月。与无MVI患者比较,有MVI患者术后1、2年总体生存率明显降低（76.19% vs. 91.67%,P<0.05;47.20% vs. 78.70%,P<0.05）,中位生存时间明显缩短（23个月 vs. 34个月,P<0.05）。结论 肿瘤较大、术前AFP与PLT水平较高的HCC患者发生MVI的风险升高,对于此类患者应进行严格的术后随访,以便一旦出现复发征象及时进行后续治疗,改善患者生存。     

原发性细胞癌伴微血管侵犯的危险因素分析

目的探讨原发性肝细胞癌（hepatocellular carcinoma，HCC）伴微血管侵犯的危险因素。方法回顾性复习134例HCC切除术病人的临床资料，分析微血管侵犯与HCC病人临床理资料的相关性。结果134例HCC中46例（34．3％）有微血管侵犯。单因素分析显示肿瘤体积〉3cm、包膜缺失、组织分化恶性程度高、血清AFP阳性（〉20ng／ml）与微血管侵犯显著相关（P〈0．05），而病人年龄、性别、肝炎病毒感染、是否合并肝硬化、组织学类型与微血管侵犯之间无明显相关性。微血管侵犯与HCC大体卫星结节的形成成显著相关（P=0．001）。结论微血管侵犯是HCC的常见恶性事件，肿瘤体积〉3cm、包膜缺失、组织分化恶性程度高、血清AFP阳性是微血管侵犯的危险因素。     

18F-FDGPET／CT与多层螺旋CT在进展期胃癌术前TNM分期的对比研究

目的应用18F-FDGPET／CT（PET／CT）与多层螺旋cT对进展期胃癌术前TNM分期进行对比研究,以期更客观地评估术前分期,指导治疗。方法对术前行PET／CT检查的39例及MSCT检查的40例进展期胃癌,分别进行术前TNM分期,将检测结果与术中所见及病理进行对照。结果PET／CT对原发灶、区域淋巴结、N3转移淋巴结的准确率分别为92．3％、66．7％、100．0％;而MSCT诊断的准确率分别为82．0％、50．0％、62．5％。结论（1）PET／CT和多层螺旋CT对原发灶、区域淋巴结转移的准确率都较高,差异无统计学意义,由于多层螺旋cT临床应用广泛且费用远低于PET／CT,是首选的检测手段;（2）PET／CT对N3转移淋巴结、远处转移灶检测的准确率明显高于多层螺旋cT,为临床提供更为全面客观的术前分期,指导治疗;（3）由于PET／CT也存在一定假阴性,结合腹腔镜检可减少或避免不必要的剖腹术。     

肝细胞癌合并微血管侵犯肝切除术后辅助性TACE疗效的荟萃分析

目的评价肝切除术后经导管肝动脉栓塞化疗(TACE)对肝细胞癌合并微血管侵犯患者预后的影响°方法检索PubMedACochrane Library、Embase、Web of Science、中国知网、维普、万方等数据库比较肝细胞癌合并微血管侵犯患者手术切除后行TACE与单纯手术无瘤生存率和总体生存率的文献,限定检索时间为1999年1月1日至2019年5月1日。使用Stata 15.0软件和Review Manager 5.3软件进行荟萃分析。结果共纳入8篇符合标准文献,总计1809例患者,其中TACE组815例,单纯手术组994例。荟萃分析显示,TACE组无瘤生存率优于单纯手术组,差异有统计学意义(HR=0.74,95%CZ:O.65~0.85,P<0.05)。TACE组总体生存率优于单纯手术组,差异有统计学意义(HR=0.74,95%CI:0.62-0.89,P<0.05)。亚组分析(4篇)显示术后辅助性TACE可提高肿瘤直径>5 cm患者无瘤生存率(HR=0.72,95%C/:0.58~0.90,P<0.05),但对总体生存率无明显影响。结论肝细胞癌合并微血管侵犯患者术后辅助TACE可提高其总体生存率和无瘤生存率,但是对于肿瘤直径>5 cm的微血管侵犯肝细胞癌患者其疗效可能并不显著,仍需进一步临床研究证实。     

Expanding role of 18F-fluoro-d-deoxyglucose PET and PET/CT in spinal infections

¹⁸F-fluoro-d-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography ([¹⁸F]-FDG PET) is successfully employed as a molecular imaging technique in oncology, and has become a promising imaging modality in the field of infection. The non-invasive diagnosis of spinal infections (SI) has been a challenge for physicians for many years. Morphological imaging modalities such as conventional radiography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are techniques frequently used in patients with SI. However, these methods are sometimes non-specific, and difficulties in differentiating infectious from degenerative end-plate abnormalities or postoperative changes can occur. Moreover, in contrast to CT and MRI, FDG uptake in PET is not hampered by metallic implant-associated artifacts. Conventional radionuclide imaging tests, such as bone scintigraphy, labeled leukocyte, and gallium scanning, suffer from relatively poor spatial resolution and lack sensitivity, specificity, or both. Initial data show that [¹⁸F]-FDG PET is an emerging imaging technique for diagnosing SI. [¹⁸F]-FDG PET appears to be especially helpful in those cases in which MRI cannot be performed or is non-diagnostic, and as an adjunct in patients in whom the diagnosis is inconclusive. The article reviews the currently available literature on [¹⁸F]-FDG PET and PET/CT in the diagnosis of SI.     

18F-FDG PET/CT显像在结直肠癌肝转移中的应用探讨

目的 通过对结直肠癌疑肝转移患者肝脏手术前18F-FDG PET/CT显像研究其敏感性及特异性.方法 对143例确定或怀疑结直肠癌肝转移患者在肝脏手术前进行18F-FDG PET/CT显像,通过双盲回顾性的方法进行研究,以病理活检或临床/影像学随访确定病灶的发展或转归.结果 18F-FDG PET/CT显像在疑诊132例中确诊有肝转移的127例显示阳性,确诊无肝转移的患者11例均显示阴性,经统计学处理对于肝转移的确定PET/CT敏感性96.2%,特异性100%.用传统的诊断方法(CT、MRI、超声等)未发现的肝外转移病灶26例中有13例患者排除肝转移,故有27.3%的患者改变了手术治疗措施.结论 18F-FDG PET/CT显像对于结直肠癌肝转移的发现有很高的敏感性和特异性,对于肝外转移灶的发现也优于传统的诊断手段.建议18F-FDG PET/CT显像应被加入到结直肠癌肝转移肝脏手术前患者的诊疗计划中.     

PET/CT在诊断胃肠道恶性肿瘤复发转移中的临床应用

目的：探讨18F-FDGPET/CT检查在诊断胃肠道恶性肿瘤复发和转移中的临床应用价值。方法：68例胃肠道恶性肿瘤患者术后均进行18F-FDGPET/CT显像,并检测血清CEA、CA19-9。结果：68例患者中37例最终确诊复发或转移,PET/CT最终诊断灵敏度为97.3%,特异性为96.8%。血清标志物CEA、CA19-9诊断胃肠道肿瘤复发转移的敏感性62.2%,特异性87.1%。PET/CT和血清肿瘤标志物联合检测,诊断的敏感性和特异性分别为100%和97.8%,约登指数97.8%。结论：PET/CT诊断胃肠道恶性肿瘤术后患者复发转移的敏感性和特异性较肿瘤标志物高;PET/CT联合患者血清CEA、CA19-9检测是诊断断胃肠道恶性肿瘤术后复发转移的较理想方法。