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1.
目的 探讨双任务步行(dual-task walking,DTW)对缺血性卒中患者步态参数的影响。 方法 前瞻性入组2020年6月-2021年3月于首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院康复科住院的缺血性 卒中患者。选择时钟任务作为DTW中的认知任务,受试者依次完成单任务步行(single-task walking, STW)和DTW。使用Codamotion三维动作捕捉系统采集患者执行任务时步态的运动学参数(膝关节、踝 关节活动范围、最大屈膝角度、最大伸膝角度、最大踝背屈角度、最大踝跖屈角度)和时空参数(步 速、跨步长、跨步时间、跨步速度、步长、步长时间、步频、支撑期百分比),计算时空参数的变异系数。 比较患者进行STW和DTW时上述步态参数的差异。 结果 本研究共纳入28例缺血性卒中患者,男性20例(71.4%)。患者进行STW和DTW时步态的 运动学参数差异无统计学意义。在时空参数方面,与STW时相比,进行DTW时患者的步速降低 (0.69±0.23 m/s vs 0.80±0.27 m/s,P<0.001)、步长(0.41±0.11 m vs 0.46±0.12 m,P<0.001)和跨 步长缩短(0.85±0.20 m vs 0.95±0.22 m,P<0.001)。在时空参数变异性方面,与STW比较,卒中患 者进行DTW时步长时间变异性[4.47(2.98~7.34)vs 2.58(1.76~4.27),P=0.013]及步频变异性[4.59 (2.78~7.78)vs 2.71(1.84~4.44),P=0.020]增加。 结论 卒中患者在进行DTW时更容易发现步态问题。与STW相比,双任务条件下的步态评估可能是 更有效的卒中康复评估指标,也更适用于卒中后康复训练计划。  相似文献   

2.
目的 探讨音乐游戏运动疗法对高龄轻度认知障碍(mild cognitive impairment,MCI)患者功能独立 性的影响。 方法 纳入2017年1月-2018年12月于上海市普陀区人民医院老年科住院的60例65~95岁的MCI患者, 随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组患者开展一周5次、每次40 min、持续6周的音乐游戏运动疗法,对 照组采用常规健康教育。采用功能独立性评定量表(functional independence measure,FIM)对患者治疗 前及治疗6周效果进行总体评价。 结果 观察组(30例,实际完成28例)与对照组(30例,实际完成30例)一般情况和治疗前FIM得分 差异无统计学意义。治疗后观察组FI M中运动功能(P =0.006)、认知功能(P =0.001)和总分(P =0.001) 优于对照组。观察组治疗后FIM中运动功能(P<0.001)、认知功能(P<0.001)和总分(P<0.001)均高 于本组治疗前。对照组治疗后FIM得分与治疗前差异无统计学意义。 结论 音乐结合游戏运动疗法对高龄MCI患者是一项有效的非药物治疗方法,能延缓MCI进程,提高 患者运动功能及认知功能。  相似文献   

3.
Objective: Gait of people with unilateral stroke is characterized by pronounced asymmetry. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of cognitive and motor tasks on asymmetry of gait in people with stroke. Materials and Methods: Nine individuals with stroke walked over the GAITRite walkway while performing motor (holding a cup with water) or cognitive (reciting the alphabet) tasks or walked with no additional task. Gait velocity, cadence, and symmetry indexes for the stance phase, swing phase, and single support phase of a gait cycle were calculated. Results: The motor and cognitive tasks negatively affected gait velocity (P < .05) and cadence (P < .05). Walking and performing additional tasks resulted in the increase of the asymmetry of gait. The cognitive task had a greater effect on gait asymmetry than the motor task. Conclusions: The study outcome revealed that gait of individuals with stroke could be affected by simultaneous performance of additional tasks. The outcome provides a basis for future investigation of the ways of improving symmetry of gait in people with stroke.  相似文献   

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我国是卒中发病率和复发率最高的国家之一。近年来,我们的临床医生逐渐建立起了卒中要防治并重的观念。但如何规范化预防?虽然国内2005年颁布了脑血管病指南,但其已经不能适应目前临床预防工作的需求。2010年初,中国缺血性卒中和短暂性脑缺血发作二级预防指南的公布提供了基于国内外循证医学证据并结合了我国国情的的预防推荐,为我国临床医师开展和普及缺血性卒中和短暂性脑缺血发作的规范化二级预防提供了标准化的工具。从许多患者仍错误地认为春秋两季输液就能预防卒中,到由医师遵循指南,结合患者的自身情况制定个性化二级预防方案,从而系统的降低危险因素,预防复发,我们还有很长的路要走。在这个过程中,遵循指南是基本原则,但又并不是机械的恪守。正如二级预防指南引言中所说:"指南的目的是为临床医师提供参考,并不能用来代替临床思考!"。因此我们邀请部分参与编写二级预防指南的专家,进一步解读指南,以帮助临床医师更好地理解和运用这个循证医学中有力的工具。徐安定  相似文献   

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Background

Anticoagulation therapy, particularly subcutaneous heparin therapy, is recommended for cancer-associated thrombosis. However, not starting or discontinuing anticoagulation was not rare. The aim of the present study was to examine the practical issues related to anticoagulation therapy and effects of subcutaneous heparin therapy for cancer-associated stroke.

Methods

Patients with cancer-associated stroke in our stroke center between October 2014 and August 2017 who were diagnosed as having acute ischemic stroke based on diffusion-weighted imaging were retrospectively enrolled. Baseline clinical characteristics, heparin injection, reasons for no subcutaneous heparin therapy, and clinical outcomes were collected.

Results

A total of 59 patients with cancer-associated stroke (75 ± 10 years old, male 42%) were enrolled. Lung cancer was the most frequently observed cancer (n = 17, 29%), followed by gastric cancer (n = 8, 14%) and pancreatic cancer (n = 8, 14%). Of the 19 patients (32%) who underwent subcutaneous heparin therapy, it was discontinued in 9 (47%), mainly because of patients’ medical conditions (deterioration of cancer or hemorrhagic complication). Ten patients with long-term subcutaneous heparin therapy did not have stroke recurrence. In contrast, among nine patients who discontinued subcutaneous heparin therapy, three (33%) had recurrence of ischemic stroke. Of the 40 patients without subcutaneous heparin therapy, the main reasons for no subcutaneous heparin therapy were the patients’ medical conditions (n = 22, 55%).

Conclusions

Although subcutaneous heparin therapy was given to only one third of cancer-associated stroke patients, long-term subcutaneous heparin therapy might prevent recurrence of cancer-associated stroke.  相似文献   

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目的 研究健康教育对他汀类药物服用持续性的影响,以及他汀类药物服用持续性对大动脉粥样硬化性缺血性卒中患者复发的影响.方法 本研究患者源于2013年7月-2015年6月的前瞻性队列研究——缺血性脑血管病患者二级预防、康复技术的综合疾病管理模式的推广研究.该研究采用随机数字表法将入组医院以4:1分为健康教育组(北京24所医...  相似文献   

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阿托伐他汀治疗急性缺血性卒中患者颈动脉斑块临床研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的 探讨阿托伐他汀对脑梗死及短暂性脑缺血发作患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的治疗作用。方法 将126例伴有颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的脑梗死及短暂性脑缺血发作患者随机分为治疗组与对照组;治疗组口服阿托伐他汀及抗血小板聚集等常规治疗,对照组仅予抗血小板聚集等常规治疗,于治疗前、治疗后1个月、治疗后6个月进行血脂检测、颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的性质和内-中膜厚度检测,比较治疗前后总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(HDL-C)、颈动脉斑块性质和内-中膜厚度的变化情况。结果 在完成随访的120例病例中,治疗组治疗1个月及6个月后TC和LDL-C水平均降低,差异有统计学差异(P<0.01)。治疗组治疗6个月后颈动脉斑块内-中膜厚度变小,与治疗前及对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。与对照组比较,治疗组在治疗后1个月与6个月时,低回声斑块与混合回声斑块所占比例均下降(P<0.01),高回声斑块所占比例均明显增高(P<0.01);在治疗组,服药后6个月与1个月相比较,高回声斑块所占比例显著增高(P<0.01);在对照组,治疗前后斑块性质变化不明显。结论 阿托伐他汀可有效降低TC和LDL-C水平,并有利于稳定、逆转颈动脉粥样硬化斑块。  相似文献   

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PurposeThis trial aimed to validate the effectiveness of using the Gait Exercise Assist Robot (GEAR) in patients with hemiplegia after primary stroke.MethodsThe study design was open-label randomized controlled trial. Twenty-six patients with hemiplegia after primary stroke admitted to the comprehensive inpatient rehabilitation wards were enrolled and randomized to a group using GEAR in gait training and a control group. The intervention period was 4 weeks. Evaluations were conducted at admission, during intervention period, 8 weeks from start of intervention, and at discharge. Primary outcome measure was improvement efficiency of Functional Independence Measure (FIM)-walk score (FIM-walk improvement efficiency) that was calculated at the time of achieving FIM-walk score 5 (supervision level) during the intervention period or as weekly gain in FIM-walk score during 4 weeks for those who did not achieve score 5.ResultsFIM-walk improvement efficiency was .7 ± .4 in GEAR group and .4 ± .3 in control group, and was significantly higher in GEAR group (P = .01). The FIM-walk score gain after 4 weeks was significantly higher in the GEAR group (P = .01), but there were no significant differences between 2 groups after 8 weeks and at discharge.ConclusionsGait training using GEAR for 4 weeks improved walking ability of subacute stroke patients. GEAR contributes to early improvement of walking ability probably by the knee flexion assist during swing phase on the paralyzed side thereby increasing the volume of training, and by the finely adjustable stance/swing assist mechanism for the paralyzed limb which optimizes the training difficulty level.  相似文献   

9.
BackgroundRobot-assisted gait training has been confirmed to have beneficial effect on the rehabilitation of stroke patients. An exoskeleton robot, named BEAR-H1, is designed to help stroke patients with walking disabilities.Methods17 subjects in experimental group and 15 subjects in control group completed the study. The experimental group received 30 minutes of BEAR-H1 assisted gait training(BAGT), and the control group received 30 minutes of conventional training, 5 times/week for 4weeks. All subjects were evaluated with 6-minute walk test (6MWT), Fugl-Meyer Assessment for lower extremity (FMA-LE), Functional Ambulatory Classification (FAC), Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), and gait analysis at baseline and after 4 weeks intervention.ResultsThe improvements of 6MWT, FMA-LE, gait speed, cadence, step length and cycle duration in BAGT group were more noticeable than in the control group. However, there was no difference in the assessment of MAS between two groups.ConclusionsOur results showed that BAGT is an effective intervention to improve the motor and walking ability during 4 weeks training for subacute stroke patients.  相似文献   

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目的 探索规范针刺结合功能训练治疗对社区脑卒中患者日常生活能力的影响.方法 将长宁区三个社区176例脑卒中患者根据区域随机分成康复组和对照组,根据病程划分为软瘫期(Brunnstrom Ⅰ、Ⅱ)、痉挛期(BrunnstromⅢ、Ⅳ)、恢复期(BrunnstromⅤ、Ⅵ)和后遗症期;康复组在常规内科治疗的基础上给予规范的针刺结合功能训练治疗,对照组仅给予一般的常规内科治疗,分别在治疗后2个月末和5个月末采用改良Barthel指数评定量表进行日常生活能力的评定.结果 规范针刺结合功能训练社区康复治疗5个月后,两组患者的日常生活能力评分均提高,康复组与对照组相比具有显著性差异(P<0.01).结论 规范针刺结合功能训练的社区康复治疗能促进脑卒中患者的日常生活能力的恢复.  相似文献   

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目的 探讨中国人群中首发和复发缺血性脑血管病患者的临床特征和卒中结局差异。 方法 本研究基于全国多中心前瞻性中国国家卒中登记研究Ⅲ(the third China national stroke regi stry,CNSR-Ⅲ),连续纳入2015年8月-2018年3月急性缺血性卒中或TIA患者,收集人口学信息、血 管危险因素、既往用药史及病因分型系统(causative classification system,CCS)等临床资料,记录随 访3个月和1年时卒中结局。卒中结局包括卒中复发(缺血性卒中或出血性卒中)、联合血管事件(卒中、 心肌梗死及血管性死亡事件)、脑血管病源性死亡及不良功能结局(mRS>2分)。依据患者既往是否 有卒中病史分为有卒中病史组和无卒中病史组,比较两组的临床特征及卒中结局差异,并分析卒中病 史与卒中结局间的关系。 结果 最终纳入15 166例患者,平均年龄62.2±11.3岁,其中女性4802例(31.7%);有卒中病史患者 3355例,无卒中病史患者11 811例。有卒中病史组患者年龄,冠心病、高血压、脂代谢紊乱、糖尿病、心 房颤动比例,既往用药史比例、入院NIHSS评分、住院期间降糖和降压治疗比例均高于无卒中病史组, 目前吸烟和重度饮酒比例、入院时LDL-C水平及住院期间抗血小板治疗比例低于无卒中病史组,差 异均有统计学意义。两组CCS分型的分布差异有统计学意义,其中有卒中病史组大动脉粥样硬化型和 心源性栓塞型卒中比例高于无卒中病史组。多因素分析结果显示,卒中病史是随访3个月不良功能结 局(校正OR 1.25,95%CI 1.09~1.44,P =0.002),随访1年卒中复发(校正HR 1.44,95%CI 1.25~1.67, P<0.001)、联合血管事件(校正HR 1.43,95%CI 1.24~1.64,P<0.001)、脑血管病源性死亡(校正 HR 1.42,95%CI 1.12~1.80,P =0.004)、不良功能结局(校正OR 1.63,95%CI 1.42~1.88,P<0.001)的 危险因素。 结论 有无卒中病史的缺血性卒中患者的临床特征及随访结局差异较大,尽管患者进行卒中二级 预防治疗,卒中病史仍然是患者1年卒中复发、联合血管事件、脑血管病源性死亡及不良功能结局的 危险因素。  相似文献   

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气管切开是临床抢救重症卒中患者的一种重要手段,但长期气管切开套管留置易造成多 种并发症,及早康复介入可促进患者早期拔管。本文从呼吸功能康复、吞咽康复、说话瓣膜的使用、 气道及套管的循证护理管理和一般支持治疗方面对促进卒中气管切开患者拔管的康复治疗进展进 行了归纳总结,为提高临床卒中患者拔管率提供参考。气道廓清技术、呼吸肌训练、运动训练和体位 管理可改善患者呼吸功能;直接与间接吞咽功能训练、唾液的管理和咽腔电刺激可改善患者吞咽功 能;说话瓣膜的合理使用可促进患者早日拔管;对气道进行气道湿化、气囊管理和吸痰护理,对套管 进行合理的固定与清洁消毒等,可减少并发症,防止感染;稳定患者病情,给予良好的营养支持和心 理康复等一般支持治疗,可提高拔管成功率。虽然目前对卒中气管切开患者拔管的康复治疗并无统一 标准,但是多学科合作的综合性康复治疗可提高患者拔管率,促进患者早日康复。  相似文献   

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脑微出血患者发生急性卒中事件时,在时间窗内给予溶栓治疗是十分具有挑战的临床决 策。如果给予溶栓治疗,出血的风险较高;不给予溶栓治疗,可能使时间窗内的卒中患者错过最佳治 疗的时机。研究发现,并不是所有的脑微出血急性卒中患者在接受溶栓治疗后都会发生出血,如果 可以明确导致出血的危险因素,就能识别出适合溶栓的脑微出血患者,从而采取有针对性的治疗措 施使患者受益。  相似文献   

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ObjectivesImproved gait performance in patients with stroke requires trunk control. This study investigated the effect of lumbar rotational mobilization on improving trunk control and gait parameters.Materials and methodsThis study recruited 42 patients with stroke who were randomly assigned to the grade III (experimental group, n=21) and grade I (control group, n=21) lumbar rotational mobilization groups. Grade III lumbar mobilization with right and left rotation was performed in the experimental group with patients lying on their sides. The control group performed grade I rotation mobilization using the same method. Among outcome measurements, the trunk impairment scale was used for trunk control, while gait parameters were measured using the BTS G-WALK.ResultsThe trunk impairment scale score and gait performance were significantly higher in the experimental group than those in the control group.ConclusionsGrade III lumbar rotational mobilization improved trunk control and increased gait performance in patients with stroke.  相似文献   

17.
目的 探索发病前口服抗栓药物对急性缺血性卒中患者静脉溶栓安全性的影响。 方法 研究对象为2018年1-12月的全国、多中心、缺血性卒中住院患者登记研究中进行了rt-PA静脉 溶栓的患者。根据患者发病前是否应用抗栓药物,将患者分为观察组(发病前口服抗栓药物)和对照 组(发病前未口服抗栓药物)。比较两组的基线信息、溶栓后症状性颅内出血率和在院全因死亡率的 差异,并采用多因素回归分析发病前应用抗栓药物对患者溶栓后住院期间安全性的影响。 结果 本研究共纳入了全国1374家医院的17 587例rt-PA静脉溶栓的急性缺血性卒中住院患者。其 中,有3313例(18.8%)发病前应用抗栓药物,纳入观察组,14 274例(81.2%)发病前未应用口服抗 栓药物,纳入对照组。与对照组相比,观察组患者年龄较高(67.7±11.1岁 vs 64.8±12.2岁),男 性比例较低(63.6% vs 65.7%),既往血管危险因素比例较高,入院NIHSS>15分的患者比例较高 (16.1% vs 13.5%),差异均有统计学意义。观察组溶栓后症状性颅内出血的发生率(0.12% vs 0.07%, P =0.156)和在院全因死亡率(1.72% vs 1.16%,P =0.010)均高于对照组,但多因素校正后,两组溶 栓后症状性颅内出血(HR 1.133,95%CI 0.220~5.822,P =0.881)和在院全因死亡(HR 0.912,95%CI 0.612~1.359,P =0.651)方面的差异均未达统计学意义。 结论 发病前应用抗栓药物对急性缺血性卒中患者静脉溶栓的短期安全性无显著影响,不增加 症状性颅内出血的发生率和在院全因死亡率。  相似文献   

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急性缺血性卒中溶栓治疗伴随的颅内出血的研究进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
20世纪50年代开始应用纤维蛋白溶酶治疗卒中,但是急性缺血性卒中溶栓治疗并发的颅内出血(intracranial hemorrhage,ICH)限制了其临床应用。临床试验研究结果显示,无论是动脉还是静脉溶栓治疗,急性卒中治疗后24~36h的症状性出血性转化(hemorrhage  相似文献   

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