经腹改良Heller手术治疗贲门失弛缓症

目的　探讨经腹行改良Heller手术治疗贲门失弛缓症的效果。方法　回顾性分析 2 1例的临床资料。结果　男 1 2例 ,女 9例。年龄 1 5～ 52岁。病程 1～ 2 0年。术前均有不同程度吞咽困难 ,X线钡餐检查均见食管下段、贲门呈鸟嘴样狭窄。手术均经腹完成 ,食管肌层切开 4～ 6cm ,贲门胃底肌层切开约 0 .5～1cm ,再用 1号丝线仔细修补食管裂孔和膈食管韧带。本组无手术死亡 ,无早期并发症。随访 1 7例 ,痊愈 1 4例 ,好转 3例。并发有反流性食管炎 2例。结论　改良Heller手术可以经腹完成 ,比经胸手术有明显的优点 ,无需附加抗反流手术 ,但必须用丝线仔细修补食管裂孔和膈食管韧带。     

改良Heller手术治疗贲门失弛缓症64例

我科从1986年至2006年经腹行改良Heller手术及附加抗返流装置治疗贲门失弛缓症64例。现将治疗体会报告如下。临床资料1.一般资料:全组64例,男41例,女23例。年龄12~56岁,平均年龄34岁,病程0.5~20年。临床表现:全组均有不同程度的吞咽困难和体重下降。其中23例伴有进食后呕吐、溢     

经腹手术治疗贲门失弛缓症20例分析

目的探讨经腹手术治疗贲门失弛缓症的疗效。方法本组20例均行经中上腹部正中切口食管下段前壁肌层切开部分胃底折叠固定术。结果症状完全缓解18例,明显好转2例。结论经腹人路有操作简单、损伤小和术后恢复快等优点,对老年体弱病人经腹部途径危险陛小。     

手术治疗贲门失弛缓症36例

目的 探讨贲门失弛缓症手术方法及效果。方法 回顾性分析36例贲门失弛缓症采用Heller＋Nissen手术治疗效果，男20例，女16例，平均年龄36岁，经胸手术32例，经腹手术4例，术中保护迷走神经，重建食管—胃His角和贲门功能，保护剥离食管黏膜创面。结果 36例无手术死亡，术后10天后均能进普食。随访5年，钡餐摄片，食管无狭窄，食管镜检查，2例食管下段轻度糜烂，余34例正常。结论 贲门失弛缓症行Heller＋Nissen手术效果好。     

贲门失弛缓症的外科治疗：附72例报告

我院自１９７８年１０月至１９９３年８月，为７２例贲门失弛缓症病人行外科治疗。手术分贲门成形加幽门成形、Ｈｅｌｌｅｒ’ｓ术和Ｈｅｌｌｅｒ’ｓ术附加胃底折叠固定术三种术式。经术后半年到１２年随访结果表明，无论何种术式，均存在反流性食管炎问题。但是，Ｈｅｌｌｅｌ’ｓ术附加胃底析叠固定术其疗效、抗反流作用均优于其他术式。     

改良Heller手术治疗贲门失弛缓症

贲门失弛缓症患者行Heller手术后常发生感染、瘢痕性再狭窄及反流性食管炎等并发症，尤其是术后反流性食管炎发生率高达20％～50％。为此，临床外科医师对手术方式小断进行探索和改进。本研究采用食管胃黏膜外肌层纵切横缝治疗贲门失弛缓症15例，总结报道如下。     

胸腔镜加小切口行Heller手术治疗贲门失弛缓症

目的　探讨胸腔镜加小切口行 Heller手术治疗贲门失弛缓症的手术方法和效果 ,以提高手术疗效。方法　 1996年 1月～ 2 0 0 0年 12月 ,对 3 7例经病史、食管镜和食管 X线钡餐造影确诊为贲门失弛缓症患者 ,在胸腔镜加小切口下行 Heller手术治疗 ,并进行随访观察。　结果　 1例患者改行常规开胸手术。手术时间 1～ 3 .5小时 ,平均手术时间 1.8± 0 .4小时。所有患者术后均未发生食管漏和手术死亡 ,住院期间于胃肠道功能恢复后可正常进食 ,吞咽困难症状消失。至最后 1次随访 ,手术效果优 2 9例 ( 78% ) ,良 5例 ( 14 % ) ,差 3例 ( 8% ) ,后者术后 3个月因吞咽困难复发行食管扩张 ,发生食管反流 4例 ( 11% ) ,但不需手术或药物治疗。　结论　胸腔镜加小切口 Heller手术治疗贲门失弛缓症具有良好的效果。     

腹腔镜Heller手术治疗贲门失弛缓症的初步临床经验

目的总结腹腔镜Heller手术治疗贲门失弛缓症的初步临床经验。方法2005年2～8月，对肺功能较差、合并肾功能不全或怀疑存在胸膜腔粘连的8例贲门失弛缓症行腹腔镜下Heller联合Dor胃底折叠手术，并进行随访。结果手术时间70～184min，平均103．8min；1例术中食管穿孔改开腹手术修补成功；术后住院3～10d，平均5．1d。术后随访1～6个月，平均3．8月，7例症状缓解，1例轻度吞咽困难。全组无手术死亡。结论腹腔镜具有刨伤小、术中暴露较佳、术后恢复快、术后住院时间短等优点，腹腔镜下Heller术可作为贲门失弛缓症的首选治疗方法，但是否附加胃底折叠术仍需进一步探讨。     

腹腔镜Heller括约肌切开术治疗贲门失弛缓症

目的：探讨采用腹腔镜微创手术治疗贲门失弛缓症的可行性及临床效果。方法：对5例患者在术中行胃镜定位、监视下行腹腔镜Heller括约肌切开术治疗。结果：4例手术顺利,1例患者由于粘连严重,术中分破远端食管,经胃镜证实后即行腹腔镜下修补术,术后1d,4例症状明显改善,1例术后1周吞咽困难症状逐渐改善。随访5～17个月,均未再发生吞咽困难、返流、胸骨后疼痛等症状。结论：腹腔镜Heller括约肌切开术治疗贲门失弛缓症创伤小、恢复快,并可作为内科治疗失败后的补救治疗。     

Laparoscopic Heller myotomy for achalasia facilitated by robotic assistance

Background Laparoscopic Heller myotomy is the standard operation for achalasia. The incidence of esophageal perforation is approximately 5% to 10%. Data about the safety and utility of robotically assisted Heller myotomy (RAHM) are scarce. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of RAHM for the treatment of esophageal achalasia. Methods From a prospectively maintained database, demographic data, symptoms, esophagograms, manometries, and perioperative data from all the RAHMs performed between September 2002 and February 2004 were analyzed. Results A total of 54 patients underwent RAHM, including 26 men. The mean age of these patients was 43 years (range, 14–75 years). Dysphagia was present in 100% of the patients. Of the 54 patients, 26 (48%) had undergone previous treatment including pneumatic dilation (17 patients), Botox injections (4 patients), or both of these treatments (5 patients). The dissection was performed laparoscopically, and the myotomy was performed with robotic assistance. The operative time, including the robot setup time, averaged 162 min (range, 62–210 min). Blood loss averaged 24 ml. No mucosal perforations were observed. The hospital length of stay was 1.5 days. There were no deaths. At 17 months, 93% of the patients had relief of their dysphagia. Conclusions The findings showed RAHM to be safe and effective, with a 0% incidence of perforation and relief of symptoms for 91% of the patients.     

Long-term results of laparoscopic Heller myotomy with partial fundoplication for the treatment of achalasia

BACKGROUND: Treatment options for achalasia include medications, endoscopic balloon dilation, injection of botulinum toxin, or surgery. METHODS: The clinical course of 75 consecutive patients who underwent minimally invasive Heller myotomy and partial fundoplication for achalasia between 1991 and 2001 was reviewed by means of a questionnaire. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 5.3 (range .8 to 10.9) years. Sixty-four percent of questionnaires were returned. Thirty-seven patients (84%) felt much better and 6 (14%) slightly better; 1 (2%) rated the result as unchanged. Twenty-six patients (59%) experienced weight gain. Seven patients (16%) had persistent swallowing problems and 5 (11%) reported frequent reflux. Twenty-five percent underwent additional therapy, including dilation (n = 8, 18%), repeat surgery (n = 2, 5%), and botulinum toxin injection (n = 2, 5%). Eighteen patients (41%) were using a proton pump inhibitor or H2 blocker, three were on a calcium channel blocker (7%), and 1 was using nitroglycerine (2%). CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic Heller myotomy can achieve short- and long-term results comparable to open surgery and should be considered the treatment of choice for patients suffering from achalasia. Despite the frequent need for further therapy, patient satisfaction is good.     

腹腔镜改良Heller手术治疗贲门失弛缓症

目的:探讨腹腔镜改良Heller术治疗贲门失弛缓症的临床应用价值。方法:2004年2月至2008年4月我们为6例贲门失弛缓症患者行腹腔镜改良Heller术并随访。结果:手术时间45~122min,平均(74.0±29.0)min;术中出血5~65ml,平均(23.7±22.7)ml;无一例中转开腹及并发症发生;住院3~8d,平均(5.5±1.8)d。术后随访3~46个月,平均(26.8±16.2)月,5例症状缓解,1例轻度吞咽困难。结论:腹腔镜改良Heller手术具有术野清晰、并发症少、患者创伤小、康复快、住院时间短等优点,是治疗贲门失弛缓症首选方法之一。     

Laparoscopic Heller myotomy for achalasia

BACKGROUND: Achalasia is an uncommon illness affecting 1 per 100,000 patients yearly. There is evidence to suggest viral, autoimmune, and hereditary etiologies. There are many treatment options available including medications, botulinum toxin injection, pneumatic dilation, and surgical myotomy. METHODS: We present a retrospective review of patients undergoing laparoscopic-modified Heller myotomy at a large referral and surgical training center. RESULTS: There were 36 patients identified. Thirty patients had undergone prior treatment with botulinum toxin injection, pneumatic dilation, previous Heller myotomy, or esophageal stenting. Immediate complications included mucosal perforation (2), spleen injury (1), and trocar-site infection (1). There were no postoperative esophageal leaks. Three patients suffered reflux requiring the daily use of a proton pump inhibitor 9 months after surgery. Three patients suffered recurrent dysphagia. CONCLUSIONS: Presently, there are little data to suggest an ideal management strategy in patients with achalasia. Our patient population consists predominantly of failures of other treatment methods submitted for laparoscopic myotomy. Our data suggest that laparoscopic Heller myotomy can be safely undertaken in this population, without a higher than expected rate of recurrent symptoms or reflux.     

Single-port laparoscopic Heller myotomy and Dor fundoplication: initial experience with a new approach for the treatment of pediatric achalasia

Purpose

The aim of this report was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of single-port laparoscopic Heller myotomy and Dor fundoplication (SPLHD) as treatment of pediatric esophageal achalasia.

Methods

A 9-year-old boy with a significant history of achalasia underwent SPLHD. The single-port was inserted using an umbilical incision. The falciform ligament and left liver lobe were raised using an elevating suture, providing good visualization of the operative field at the cardia. The Heller myotomy was planned to be 4 cm long, extending 1 cm onto the gastric wall.

Results

The SPLHD was successfully accomplished without the need for any skin incisions or additional ports. Oral intake was resumed on the first postoperative day, and the length of hospital stay was 8 days. The patient had complete resolution of dysphagia and regurgitation. No complications were noted, and the patient had an excellent cosmetic result.

Conclusions

The SPLHD is a safe and feasible procedure for symptomatic pediatric achalasia when performed by a surgeon experienced in laparoscopic and esophageal surgery.     

Long-term outcomes confirm the superior efficacy of extended Heller myotomy with Toupet fundoplication for achalasia

Background The standard Heller myotomy (SM) for achalasia extends 1 to 2 cm on to the stomach. The authors perform an extended myotomy (EM) (>3 cm) with the goal of reducing postoperative dysphagia. This study examines the long-term efficacy and durability of EM compared with SM. Methods Patients with achalasia who underwent a laparoscopic Heller myotomy were identified from a prospective database that includes symptom evaluation and results of esophageal functional studies. From September 1994 to August 1998, the authors performed SM with Dor fundoplication, and from September 1998 through 2003, they performed EM with Toupet fundoplication. In 2001, they performed a telephone survey of all available patients. This was repeated in 2005 for the EM group. The survey included scales of symptom frequency (0 [never], 1 [once per month], 2 [once per week], 3 [once per day], 4 [more than once per day]) and severity (0 [no symptoms] to 10 [symptoms equal to preoperative state]) as well as the need to undergo postoperative intervention for dysphagia. Results For this study, 52 patients underwent SM with Dor fundoplication (median follow-up period, 46 ± 24 months), and 63 patients underwent EM with Toupet fundoplication (median follow-up period, 45 ± 17 months. Postoperative dysphagia severity was significantly better in the EM group (4.8 ± 2.3 vs 3.1 ± 2.6; p < 0.005). There was no significant difference in postoperative heartburn frequency, esophageal acid exposure, or lower esophageal sphincter pressure. In the SM group, 9 patients (17%) required reintervention for dysphagia: 14 endoscopic interventions for 5 patients (10%) and reoperation for 4 patients. Three patients (5%) in the EM group required reintervention for dysphagia: one endoscopic intervention each and no reoperations (p < 0.05). A total of 30 patients in the EM group were contacted in both 2001 (median follow-up period, 19 ± 11 months) and 2005 (median follow-up period, 63 ± 10 months). There was no significant change over time in dysphagia severity (2.6 ± 1.9 vs 3.7 ± 2.0; p = 0.19). Conclusions For the treatment of achalasia, EM with Toupet fundoplication provides excellent durable dysphagia relief that is superior to SM with Dor fundoplication.     

Laparoscopic Heller myotomy and Dor fundoplication for the treatment of achalasia

Background The significance of laparoscopic Heller myotomy and Dor fundoplication (LHD) for the treatment of achalasia in relation to the severity of the lesion has not been sufficiently assessed. Methods Of patients who were diagnosed with achalasia from August 1994 to February 2004, 55 individuals who underwent LHD served as subjects. The therapeutic effects of LHD were assessed in terms of operation time, intraoperative complications, postoperative hospital stay, and symptom improvement in relation to morphologic type (spindle type, Sp; flask type, Fk; and sigmoid type, Sig). Degree of symptomatic improvement was classified into four grades: excellent, good, fair, and poor. Results Breakdown of morphologic type was as follows: Sp, n = 29; Fk, n = 18; and Sig, n = 8. Excluding one patient for whom conversion to open surgery was required, median average operation time for 54 patients was 160 min. As to intraoperative complications, esophageal mucosal perforation was seen in nine of the 55 patients (16%); however, conversion to open surgery could be avoided by suturing the affected area. Moreover, intraoperative bleeding of at least 100 g was seen in five of the 55 patients (9%), with one Fk patient requiring conversion to open surgery and transfusion. Median postoperative hospital stay was 8 days. Degree of dysphagia relief was excellent in 45 patients (83%), good in eight patients (15%), and fair in one patient (2%). Excellent improvement was obtained in 90%, 88%, and 50% in Sp, Fk, and Sig patients, respectively. Reflux esophagitis was seen in two patients, and was treated with a proton pump inhibitor. Conclusions The results of the present study suggest that classification of morphologic type is a useful parameter in predicting postoperative outcome in achalasia. In order to achieve excellent symptomatic relief, surgery for achalasia should be recommended for but not limited to Sp and Fk types.     

Laparoscopic Heller myotomy for classic achalasia: results of our initial series of 20 patients

Background The aim of this study was to review our results in the surgical management of achalasia by laparoscopic esophageal cardiomyotomy and partial fundoplication.Methods The patient population was comprised of a consecutive series of 20 patients with classic achalasia who underwent laparoscopic cardiomyotomy and partial fundoplication. Clinical, radiological, and physiological characteristics were analyzed prospectively, with an emphasis on the outcome and complications.Results There were 12 women and eight men; their mean age was 37 years. Four intraoperative complications occurred-two mucosal perforations that were resolved laparoscopically and two cases of pneumothorax. The median hospital stay was 4 days (range, 2-14) and the median time to start oral feeding was 3 days (range, 1-7). After a median follow-up of 14 months (range, 2-83), 16 patients were asymptomatic and four had mild heartburn and/or dysphagia. All patients gained weight (median, 8.0 kg; range, 1-23). We observed a median postoperative decrease in esophageal diameter of 1.6 cm (range, 0.2-2.9). Fifteen patients were subjected to physiological esophageal studies; the results showed that power esophageal sphincter pressure had decreased from 32 (range, 15-60) to 12 mmHg (range, 6-25). The median DeMeester score was 14.5 (range, 0.9-194). The median esophageal acid exposure was 3% (range 0-34.6).Conclusions Our initial experience with the laparoscopic management of classic achalasia yielded satisfactory clinical, radiological, and physiological results.     

Laparoscopic Heller myotomy with Toupet fundoplication for achalasia straightens the esophagus and relieves dysphagia

BACKGROUND: A standard procedure for the treatment of achalasia remains to be established. We assessed the usefulness of a laparoscopic Heller myotomy with a Toupet fundoplication (LHT). METHODS: LHT was performed in 30 patients (12 men, 18 women; mean age, 41.8 y) who had esophageal achalasia with severe dysphagia. Caution was exercised when the esophagus was pulled downward and straightened. Symptoms and esophageal function were evaluated before and after surgery. RESULTS: The esophagus was straightened surgically in 22 (88%) of 25 patients with esophageal curvature on preoperative esophagography. The dysphagia score decreased to 1.7 +/- 1.2 (mean +/- SD) points from a preoperative value of 10. The lower esophageal sphincter pressure decreased significantly. Two patients (7%) had esophageal diverticula as postoperative sequelae. Pathologic acid reflex was noted in 3 patients (12%). CONCLUSIONS: LHT is a useful procedure for straightening the esophagus, reducing lower esophageal sphincter pressure, and relieving dysphagia in patients with achalasia.     

Outcomes promote reoperative Heller myotomy for symptoms of achalasia

Background Heller myotomy is accepted as first-line therapy for achalasia, yet for a small number of patients, symptoms persist or recur after myotomy. This study was undertaken to report our results with reoperative laparoscopic Heller myotomy for recurrent symptoms of achalasia. Methods We have undertaken laparoscopic Heller myotomy in 275 patients and reoperative myotomy in 12 patients for recurrent dysphagia, of which three had their initial myotomy undertaken by us. For each, studies prior to reoperative Heller myotomy documented a nonrelaxing lower esophageal sphincter without stricture. Patients scored symptoms before and after reoperative myotomy. Results Before reoperative myotomy, 75% underwent dilation and 42% underwent Botox injection. Ten of twelve reoperative myotomies were undertaken and completed laparoscopically. Median follow-up is 24.1 months (29.0 months + 25.89). Symptom frequency and severity scores improved significantly after reoperative myotomy. Frequency of vomiting and frequency and severity of heartburn were improved after reoperative myotomy, but not to a significant extent. However, they were not particularly notable prior to surgery, compared to obstructive symptoms, such as dysphagia. Excellent or good outcomes were reported in 73%, and notably, 91% stated that they would have the operation again after having been through the process firsthand and knowing their outcomes. Conclusion Patient outcomes promote the application of reoperative Heller myotomy for recurrent or persistent symptoms of achalasia following Heller myotomy.