老年人ST段水平延长对冠心病的诊断价值

目的:探讨老年疑似冠心病患者心电图中ST段水平延长≥0.12s在冠心病心肌缺血辅助检测中的作用,通过这一新的心电图学指标以提高冠心病诊断的效果.方法:184例老年疑似冠心病患者,其中ST段水平延长≥0.12s的老年患者100例(延长组),ST段<0.12 s老年患者84例(非延长组),均做冠状动脉造影.结果:冠状动脉造影阳性率与ST段是否延长差异有统计学意义(P<0.001).延长组中,男性阳性者58例(93.5%),女性26例(68.4%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结果判断,延长组诊断冠心病的敏感性89%,特异性82%,阳性预测值84%,阴性预测值88%.结论:ST段水平延长≥0.12 s老年患者心肌缺血可能性大,ST段水平延长≥0.12 s可作为那些既不愿意做冠状动脉造影又不能做心脏负荷试验的老年人诊断冠心病的一个辅助指标.     

ST段水平延长对冠心病的诊断价值探讨

为探讨ST段水平延长≥0.12s对冠心病的诊断价值,对冠心病组(n=56)与对照组(n=39)的心电图进行对比分析。结果显示两组ST段水平延长>0.12s阳性率间差异有非常显著意义(P<0.01),ST段水平延长诊断冠心病的敏感度为78.6％,特异度为89.7％,准确度为83.2％,阳性预测值为91.7％;同时冠心病组18例有对称直立T波的心向量图均有原发性T环异常改变。提示ST段水平延长≥0.12s对冠心病有较高的诊断价值,如同时伴T波改变将进一步提高诊断准确性。     

冠心病患者心电图ST段水平延长与冠状动脉狭窄程度的相关性及诊断价值

本文对冠心病患者的心电图多项指标检测与冠状动脉造影对比 ,来探索ST段水平延长≥ 0 .12s对冠心病诊断的价值。对 334例冠心病患者进行心电图检查并与冠状动脉造影进行对比 ,发现ST段水平延长≥ 0 .12s,对冠心病诊断的敏感性优于ST段水平下移和缺血T波。在冠状动脉轻度病变中 ,敏感性分别是 5 1%、4 1%和 38% ;中度病变中是 75 %、5 2 %和 5 6 % ;三者之间比较有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1) ;重度病变中的敏感性无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。此外 ,ST段水平延长≥ 0 .12s与冠状动脉造影各支冠状动脉病变特征进行对比发现 :在单支和多支病变患者中 ,当狭窄 <90 %时阳性率是 4 7%和 6 9% ;狭窄 >90 %时 ,阳性率是 73%和 10 0 %。两者之间比较有显著性差异(P <0 .0 1)。说明ST段水平延长≥ 0 .12s对冠心病诊断的敏感性高 ,可以作为早期诊断的指标之一 ,对冠心病病变严重程度的评价亦有价值。     

ST段延长对冠心病的诊断价值

<正> 常规心电图诊断冠心病的阳性率较低,很多冠心病患者心电图无ST段水平压低,文献曾指出ST段水平延长≥0.12s,也是心肌缺血的心电图表现之一,为此我们对ST段延长诊断冠心病的价值进行探讨.1、资料与方法选择80例冠状动脉造影(CAG)患者,除外心肌梗塞、房颤、心室肥厚、完全性束支阻滞、预激综合征、洋地黄药物影响及电介质紊乱,且心电图无缺血性改变为观察对象.CAG证实冠脉狭窄1支或1支以上狭窄≥50%确诊为冠心病,两支冠脉狭窄≥50%以上为双支,3支以上狭窄≥50%以上为多支,共51例,为冠心病组,平均年龄53.9±9岁;29例CAG冠脉狭窄<50%或正常者为对照组,平均年龄52.8±8.9岁.ST段测量及阳性标准参照Schamroth的选用基线稳定无ST段偏移的12导联心电图以R波为主的导联、ST段水平延伸≥0.12s为延长改变即ST段阳性,除外过渡型ST—T连接者.统计方法采用X~2检验.     

ST段水平延长在冠心病诊断中的价值

为探讨ST段水平延长对冠心病的诊断价值,对80例冠心病者（A组）常规心电图与对照组（B组）进行对比分析。结果示两组ST段水平延长≥O．12s的阳性率间差异有非常显著意义（P〈0．01）,ST段水平延长对诊断冠心病的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为70．0％,93．0％,90．3％,75．6％。结论示ST段水平延长≥0．12s对诊断冠心病有较高的价值。     

QTc延长对冠心病诊断价值的探讨

目的探讨QTc延长对冠心病的诊断价值。方法观察153例经冠脉造影证实冠脉狭窄≥50%的冠心病组(A组)和144例无冠脉狭窄对照组(B组)QTc值。结果A组QTc均值(0.426s)非常明显长于B组(0.401s,P<0.01),A组QTc≥0.45s的比率(22.88%)非常明显高于B组(7.64%,P<0.01)。QTc≥0.45s诊断冠心病的敏感性为22.88%,特异性为92.36%,准确性为56.57%,阳性预测值为76.09%,阴性预测值为52.99%。结论QTc延长对冠心病诊断有一定的参考价值。     

运动试验恢复期收缩压异常升高对老年冠心病的诊断价值

目的评价运动试验恢复期收缩压异常升高对老年冠心病的诊断价值。方法选择先后行平板运动试验和冠状动脉造影年龄≥60岁的老年患者66例,根据冠状动脉造影结果分冠心病组(36例)和非冠心病组(30例),分析运动试验后6 min内收缩压异常升高值与冠状动脉病变积分的相关性及其对诊断冠心病的价值。结果与冠心病组(318±142)s比较,非冠心病组(446±174)s,运动持续时间明显延长(P0.01);运动后收缩压异常升高与冠状动脉病变程度呈正相关(r=0.638,P0.01);收缩压指标诊断冠心病价值优于ST段压低标准。结论运动后收缩压异常升高可作为诊断老年冠心病的有效指标。     

心电图ST段延长对冠心病的诊断价值

目的:探讨ST段延长在冠心病诊断中的价值。方法:对150例冠心病患者和150例健康对照者心电图的ST段进行对照分析。结果:冠心病组ST段延长(ST段>0.12秒)者达87％,而健康对照组则只有6％。结论:ST段延长对冠心病诊断有较高的敏感性和特异性,对常规心电图无ST段偏移的冠心病患者,具有较高的诊断价值。     

平板运动试验aVR导联ST段抬高对冠状动脉左主干病变的诊断价值

目的探讨平板运动试验aVR导联ST段抬高对冠状动脉左主干病变及前降支近段病变诊断价值。方法选取18例平板运动试验阳性并伴aVR导联ST段抬高者,2周内行冠状动脉造影(CAG),以冠状动脉内径狭窄≥50%者为CAG阳性。结果左主干病变13例,前降支近段病变3例,右冠状动脉中段狭窄1例,冠状动脉造影阴性1例。平板运动试验阳性并伴aVR导联ST段抬高对左主干病变的阳性预测值为72.22%(13/18);对冠状动脉左主干及前降支近段病变的预测值为88.89%(16/18)。结论平板运动试验阳性并aVR导联ST抬高≥0.1mv对诊断冠状动脉左主干及前降支近段病变有较高的阳性预测价值。     

运动负荷试验中心电图QT离散度和缺血性ST段下移对冠心病的诊断价值

目的 分析心电图平板运动负荷试验中QT离散度(QTd)及ST段变化对冠心病的诊断价值。方法 观察158例经冠状动脉造影诊断为冠心病的患者及96例平板运动试验阴性的健康者QTd与ST段的变化。结果 冠心病组较对照组QTd明显延长(P<0.05),其延长程度与心电图ST段压低程度相关,QTd≥60ms对冠心病诊断的准确性优于传统的ST段诊断标准。结论 心电图平板运动试验QT离散度的变化可成为临床诊断及治疗冠心病的新指标。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Angiographic diagnosis of the degree of serosal invasion of carcinoma of the colon

Angiography using Prostaglandin El^® was performed on 38 patients with carcinoma of the colon in order to diagnose the degree of serosal cancer invasion. The findings at angiography were classified into four groups:1) AG-S3, abnormal change (irregularity and/or encasement) up to marginal vessels; 2) AG-S2, abnormality up to vasa recta; 3) AG-S1, abnormality of penetrating branches of vasa recta within the wall of the colon; and 4) AG-S0, no distinct findings of abovementioned vessels. These angiographic findings were compared with both macroscopic and microscopic serosal cancer invasion. Angiographic diagnosis is in accord with the macroscopic findings in 84.2 percent of cases. Angiographic diagnosis is in accord with the microscopic findings in 32.4 percent of cases. Macroscopic findings confirm the angiographic diagnosis precisely but the conflict with microscopic findings should not be overlooked. This may be the result of inflammatory change, adhesion, and fibrosis around carcinoma of the colon.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.