老年男性代谢综合征患者性激素和性激素受体的变化

目的 探讨老年男性代谢综合征患者性激素和性激素受体与老年男性代谢综合征各组分的相互关系. 方法老年男性587例,其中代谢综合征患者187例(代谢综合征组),健康人400例(健康组).测定总睾酮(TT)、游离睾酮(FT)、脱氢表雄酮硫酸酯(DHEAS)、性激素结合球蛋白(SHBG)、雌二醇(E2)、黄体生成素(LH)、卵泡刺 激素(FSH)水平,同时采用流式细胞术检测外周血雄激素受体(AR)水平.结果 代谢综合征组患者DHAES、TT、SHBG、FT、AR荧光强度均低于健康组,而FSH、E2高于健康组.年龄与舒张压、FT呈负相关,与收缩压、E2 呈正相关.AR荧光强度与收缩压、LH呈负相关.DHEAS、SHBG进入logistic回归方程,与代谢综合征的发病呈负相关趋势.结论 老年男性代谢综合征患者存在低水平的DHEAS、TT、SHBG、FT、AR,同时存在高水平的FSH、E2;低水平的DHEAS、SHBG可能是老年男性代谢综合征潜在的危险因素.     

性激素和雄激素受体与老年男性糖尿病的相关性研究

目的 研究老年男性糖尿病患者的性激素和雄激素受体水平的变化,探讨老年男性糖尿病患者性激素和雄激素受体与糖尿病的相关性. 方法横断面调查老年男性492例,其中健康对照组104例,平均年龄(71.4±5.2)岁;非糖尿病对照组259例,平均年龄(71.5±5.0)岁;糖尿病组129例,平均年龄(73.0±6.3)岁.测定总睾酮(TT)、游离睾酮(FT)、脱氢表雄酮硫酸酯(DHEAS)、性激素结合球蛋白(SHBG)、雌二醇(E_2)、黄体生成素(LH)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)水平,采用流式细胞术检测外周血白细胞雄激素受体(AR)水平. 结果糖尿病组TT水平显著低于两对照组,分别为(17.1±6.1)、(15.8±6.0)nmol/L和(13.8±4.7)nmol/L(P<0.01),FT、SHBG、AR阳性率、AR荧光强度健康对照组、非糖尿病对照组和糖尿病组3组间呈下降趋势.但差异无统计学意义.多元回归分析町见TT、E_2,E_2/T,SHBG与血糖水平呈负相关;SHBG与糖尿病病程呈正相关.TT和AR阳性率与糖尿病病程呈负相关.Logistic多元同归分析示年龄、腰臀围比、FSH、SHBG、AR阳性率是糖尿病的危险因素. 结论低水平的TT、SHBG和AR可能是糖尿病的危险因素,在老年男性糖尿病的发生和发展中起到一定作用.     

老年男性心力衰竭患者性激素水平调查及与同龄健康男性的比较

目的了解老年男性心力衰竭(心衰)患者性激素水平及与心功能之间的关系。方法临床诊断为慢性心衰的男性住院患者共100例,年龄在60~87(70.35±8.63)岁,超声心动图检查左室射血分数≤0·45,同时观察健康老年男性400例[(71.25±6.81)岁]作为正常对照。采集其晨起静脉血,低温离心后取血清,测定总睾酮、游离睾酮(FT)、脱氢表雄酮硫酸酯(DHEAS)、性激素结合球蛋白(SHBG)、雌二醇、黄体生成素(LH)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)水平,并在同龄心衰患者及健康男性之间进行比较。结果(1)心衰患者DHEAS水平随着年龄的增加降低(P<0.05),而SHBG、LH、FSH水平则随着年龄的增加而增加(P<0.05,P<0.01)。(2)与同龄健康男性相比,心衰患者总睾酮、FT、雌二醇、DHEAS明显降低(P<0.01),LH、FSH差异无统计学意义。SHBG水平显著增加(P<0.01)。(3)FT水平与左室射血分数呈显著正相关(r=0.279,P=0.034)。结论老年男性心衰患者的雄激素水平显著降低,且FT水平与心衰程度呈负相关。     

雄激素受体及雄激素在老年男性高血压患者中的变化及意义

目的探讨男性高血压患者性激素水平的变化,并进一步研究性激素与高血压患者雄激素受体、肥胖的相关性。方法收集高血压患者112例,正常健康者120例,记录临床资料,包括身高、体重、年龄。采用酶联免疫吸附法及化学发光法检测血浆总睾酮(TSTO),游离睾酮(FT),脱氢表雄酮硫酸酯(DHEAS),性激素结合球蛋白(SHBG),雌二醇(E2),黄体生成素LH),卵泡刺激素(FSH)水平。用流式细胞术测定外周血白细胞雄激素受体(AR),以上各项指标在两组之间进行比较。结果高血压患者总睾酮(TSTO)浓度明显低于正常对照组,差异有显著性(P<0．05)。高血压组体重指数、腰围／臀围、E2／T与正常对照组相比均存在显著性差异(P<0．05)。高血压患者血浆总睾酮与雄激素受体含量、体重指数呈显著相关,分别与雄激素受体含量正相关(r=0．08,P<0．01);与体重指数负相关(r=-0．58,P<0．01)。结论血浆雄激素水平可作为评估高血压发病危险因素的一项新指标。     

年龄依赖性胰岛素抵抗与睾酮水平的相关性

目的探讨健康男性年龄对胰岛素抵抗的影响和胰岛素抵抗与睾酮的关系。方法在北京、上海、西安和重庆四城市调查20～78岁健康男性1080例,同时测定空腹血糖、胰岛素、总睾酮、雌二醇、黄体生成激素(LH)、卵泡刺激激素(FSH)和性激素结合球蛋白(SHBG),计算稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、游离睾酮(cFT)、睾酮分泌指数(TSI)和游离睾酮指数(FTI),将空腹血糖、胰岛素和HOMA-IR与其他检验结果进行相关分析。结果空腹血糖、胰岛素和HOMA-IR与年龄(r=0.1644、0.1536和0.1587;均为P<0.01)、LH(r=0.1909、0.1310和0.1920;均为P<0.01)和FSH(r=0.1 704、0.1543和0.1907;均为P<0.01)呈显著正相关,与总睾酮(r=-0.0825、-0.2187和-0.1619;P>0.05、P<0.01和P<0.01)、cFT(r=0.1238、-0.1 567和-0.1346;P<0.01、P<0.01和P<0.05)和TSI(r=-0.2143、-0.2098和-0.2488;均为P<0.01)呈显著负相关。结论健康男性随年龄增长伴有空腹血糖、胰岛素和HOMA-IR的逐渐升高,年龄依赖性雄激素水平降低对这种胰岛素抵抗的变化可能起着重要作用。     

雄激素及其受体和雌激素变化在老年男性高血压患者中的初步研究

目的探讨老年男性高血压患者的雄激素及其受体以及雌激素水平变化。方法选择172例老年男性高血压患者(高血压组)和104例同龄健康男性(健康组),检测所有入选者血清7种性激素,黄体生成素(LH)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、总睾酮(TT)和雌二醇(E2)采用化学发光法检测;游离睾酮(FT),硫酸脱氢表雄酮(DHEA-s),性激素结合球蛋白(SHBG)采用酶联免疫吸附法检测。使用流式细胞技术测定外周淋巴细胞的雄激素受体(AR)含量(AR平均荧光强度)。结果(1)与健康组比较,高血压组体重指数(BMI),腰围,腰臀比,空腹血糖和E2/TT明显增高,TT明显下降(P<0.01)(。2)控制BMI因素影响后,与收缩压相关的性激素有TT(P=0.047)和E2/TT(P=0.001);与舒张压相关的因素有E2,E2/TT和AR荧光强度(P<0.05)。结论男性高血压患者TT明显下降、E2/TT明显升高。E2/TT与收缩压和舒张压呈正相关,E2和AR荧光强度与舒张压呈正相关。     

雄激素和雄激素受体基因多态性与肥胖关系的初步研究

目的探讨肥胖与老年男性雄激素、雄激素受体(AR)水平及AR基因CAG重复序列多态性的关系。方法收集323例老年男性,根据腰围不同分为4组,腰围<85cm组、腰围85⁹0cm组、腰围9190cm组、腰围91⁹6cm组和腰围≥97cm组。用化学发光法检测黄体生成素、卵泡刺激素、总睾酮(TT)和雌二醇;用酶联免疫法检测游离睾酮,硫酸脱氢表雄酮和性激素结合球蛋白(SHBG)。使用DNA测序方法测定CAG重复序列。结果与腰围<85cm组比较,腰围8596cm组和腰围≥97cm组。用化学发光法检测黄体生成素、卵泡刺激素、总睾酮(TT)和雌二醇;用酶联免疫法检测游离睾酮,硫酸脱氢表雄酮和性激素结合球蛋白(SHBG)。使用DNA测序方法测定CAG重复序列。结果与腰围<85cm组比较,腰围85⁹0cm组、腰围9190cm组、腰围91⁹6cm组、腰围≥97cm组舒张压和雌二醇/睾酮比值逐渐增高,SHBG逐渐降低(P<0.05,P<0.01);与腰围8596cm组、腰围≥97cm组舒张压和雌二醇/睾酮比值逐渐增高,SHBG逐渐降低(P<0.05,P<0.01);与腰围85⁹0cm组比较,腰围≥97cm组雌二醇/睾酮比值增高(7.75±3.25)vs(6.34±2.98),SHBG降低[(142.02±71.92)nmol/L vs(177.72±86.27)nmol/L,P<0.05,P<0.01]。多元线性回归分析显示,腰围与腰臀比、体质量指数和雌二醇呈正相关,腰围与TT呈负相关。结论肥胖男性TT和SHBG下降,雌二醇和雌二醇/睾酮比值明显升高;AR和AR基因CAG重复多态性与体脂分布无相关性。     

基于倾向性评分匹配法的老年男性腹型肥胖与血清性激素水平的相关性分析

目的评估老年男性腹型肥胖与血清性激素水平的相关性。方法选取2015年1月～2016年12月北京市海淀区万寿路社区老年男性776例,年龄60～94(71.00±5.24)岁。以腰高比≥0.5为标准分为腹型肥胖组251例和非腹型肥胖组525例。对2组进行1?1倾向性评分匹配,匹配后腹型肥胖组204例,非腹型肥胖组204例。收集一般临床资料及血清性激素指标等。匹配后数据采用logistic回归与限制性立方样条(RCS)法进行分析。结果匹配前腹型肥胖组年龄、高血压、当前吸烟、当前饮酒、收缩压、舒张压、空腹血糖、TG、腰高比较非腹型肥胖组明显升高,HDL-C、总睾酮和性激素结合球蛋白(SHBG)水平较非腹型肥胖组明显降低(P0.05,P0.01)。匹配后腹型肥胖组腰高比较非腹型肥胖组明显升高,总睾酮和SHBG水平较非腹型肥胖组明显降低(P0.05,P0.01)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,血清性激素指标中,仅SHBG是老年男性腹型肥胖的独立危险因素(OR=0.993,95%CI:0.989～0.998,P=0.003)。RCS分析表明,老年男性血清SHBG的连续变化与腹型肥胖风险的关联呈非线性负相关(r=-0.372,P0.01)。结论老年男性血清SHBG水平与腹型肥胖风险相关。     

国内动态

该文探讨老年男性高血压患者的雄激素及其受体以及雌激素水平变化。方法：选择老年男性高血压患者（高血压组）172例和同龄健康男性（健康组）104例，检测所有入选者血清7种性激素，黄体生成素（LH）、卵泡刺激素（FSH）、总睾酮（TT）和雌二醇（E2）采用化学发光法检测；游离睾酮（FT），硫酸脱氢表雄酮（DHEA-s）和性激素结合球蛋白（SHBG）采用酶联免疫吸附法检测。     

超重或肥胖的男性2型糖尿病患者性激素水平的研究

目的 观察超重或肥胖的男性2型糖尿病患者性激素水平及胰岛素抵抗、糖脂代谢的变化.方法 选择男性2型糖尿病患者112例,根据体重指数分为体重正常组(50例)和超重或肥胖组(62例).所有患者测定血糖、血脂、胰岛素及性激素水平,包括睾酮、性激素结合球蛋白(SHBG)、孕激素、催乳素、黄体生成素、卵泡刺激素、雌二醇、脱氢表雄酮,并计算得出游离睾酮、生物活性睾酮.比较两组性激素水平、糖脂代谢及胰岛素抵抗相关指标的差异.结果 与体重正常组相比,超重或肥胖组空腹血糖、HbA1c、尿酸、空腹胰岛素和餐后胰岛素水平显著升高(f=-4.58～-2.35,P均＜0.05);总睾酮、SHBG水平显著降低(t=2.17,2.06,P均＜0.05).Pearson相关性分析发现,体重指数、腰围与总睾酮(r =-0.40,-0.41,P均＜0.01)、SHBG(r =-0.33,-0.42,P均＜0.01)呈显著负相关.总胆固醇和甘油三酯与总睾酮(r =-0.28,-0.24,P均=0.01)、SHBG(r =-0.27,-0.37,P均≤0.01)呈负相关;空腹胰岛素、餐后胰岛素、稳态模型评估-胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)与总睾酮(r=-0.30-0.21,P均=0.01)、SHBG水平(r=-0.29-0.20,P均≤0.05)呈负相关.结论 超重或肥胖的男性2型糖尿病患者常存在性腺功能减退症,并与胰岛素抵抗和脂代谢异常密切相关.     

Relationship of level of sex hormone and sex hormone receptor with development of metabolic syndrome in elderly men

Objective The sex hormone and the corresponding receptor may play some roles in the development of the metabolic syndrome （MS） in the elderly men. This study was designed to examine the relationship of level of the sex hormone and androgen receptor with MS in elderly men, thus to investigate the possible pathogenesis of MS. Methods This cross sectional study enrolled 587 elderly men, including 400 healthy controlls aged 62-92 years and 187 MS patients aged 60-87 years in Wan Shou Lu area of Beijing city. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate （DHAE-S）, total testosterone （TT）, sex hormone binding globulin （SHBG）, free testosterone （FT）, follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH）,Estradiol （E2）,luteinizing hormone（LH） and androgen receptor （AR） in blood were tested. Statistical analyses included the comparison analysis of variables and independent variables, correlation analysis using multi-factor linear regression, and multiple logistic regression analysis. Results DHAE-S, TT, SHBG, FT and AR fluorescence intensity in healthy control group were higher than those in MS group, however, FSH and E2 levels were lower in healthy group. Age was negatively correlated with diastolic blood pressure （DBP） and FT, but positively correlated with systolic blood pressure （SBP） and E2. AR fluorescence intensity was negatively correlated with SBP and LH. The logistic regression equation showed the negative correlation between DHEA-S, SHBG and the development of MS. Conclusions There are low levels of DHEA-S, TT, SHBG, FT and AR in the elderly patients with MS. On the contrary, FSH and E2 concentration are higher. It can be suggested that low levels of DHEA-S and SHBG may be the potential risk factors of MS in elderly men.     

老年男性心力衰竭患者雄激素水平与心血管危险因素的关系

目的探讨老年男性心力衰竭患者体内雄激素水平与心血管危险因素的相关性。方法选择临床诊断为慢性心力衰竭、超声心动图检查LVEF≤45%、年龄≥60岁的男性住院患者100例(心力衰竭组),另选400例年龄≥60岁同龄健康男性为正常对照组。检测总睾酮、游离睾酮、脱氢表雄酮硫酸酯、性激素结合球蛋白水平;同时详细记录心力衰竭组患者体重指数、血压、血糖、血脂、尿酸、吸烟等心血管危险因素情况,进行多元相关分析。结果与正常对照组比较,心力衰竭组患者总睾酮、游离睾酮、脱氢表雄酮硫酸酯明显降低,性激素结合球蛋白明显升高(P0.05,P0.01)。心力衰竭患者总睾酮与舒张压、TC、TG呈负相关,游离睾酮与舒张压、TC、LDL-C、尿酸呈负相关;性激素结合球蛋白与体重指数及吸烟呈正相关。结论老年男性心力衰竭患者雄激素水平低下可能对心血管危险因素产生不利影响,从而对心血管系统产生不利影响。     

Sex steroid level, androgen receptor polymorphism, and depressive symptoms in healthy elderly men

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of depression in a cohort of elderly men as assessed using a 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) score and to describe the association between this score and sex steroids, androgen receptor (AR) polymorphism, and general health status. DESIGN: Observational study on the relationship between sex steroid status and health-related parameters. SETTING: Community-based. PARTICIPANTS: Ambulatory men (n=236 in 1997, n=192 in 2000) aged 70 and older at inclusion in 1996, interviewed in 1997 and 2000. MEASUREMENTS: Serum levels of testosterone, estradiol, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEAS), cortisol, and the AR gene cytosine, adenine, guanine (CAG)-repeat length polymorphism were determined. Free testosterone and free estradiol were calculated. Questionnaires included GDS, 36-item Short Form, and Rapid Disability Rating Scale-2. RESULTS: Median age was 75.3 years (interquartile range=73.5-78.5). A GDS score of 11 or greater was found in 30 (12.7%) men. Age and GDS score were significantly interrelated (P<.01), as were all health-assessment scores. GDS scores were not related to (free) testosterone or AR polymorphism in 1997 or 2000. In 1997 only (n=236), higher GDS scores were related to higher estradiol, free estradiol, and DHEAS levels. CONCLUSION: The data did not support a role for testosterone in depression in elderly community-based men as assessed using the GDS.     

Reduced androgen levels in adult Turner syndrome: influence of female sex steroids and growth hormone status

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In girls with Turner syndrome androgen levels are reduced. In order to assess androgen status in women with Turner syndrome, we compared untreated adult women with Turner syndrome with a group of normal women. In addition, the effects of female sex hormone replacement therapy and GH status on the levels of circulating androgens in Turner syndrome was examined. DESIGN: All patients were receiving female hormone replacement therapy (HRT), which was discontinued four months prior to the initial examination. Patients were studied before and during HRT. Following the initial evaluation, patients were given cyclical HRT for six months consisting of either oral substitution (17beta-oestradiol with norethisterone from day 13-22), or transdermal oestrogen substitution (17beta-oestradiol) with 1 mg norethisterone administered orally from day 13-22. Control subjects were studied once in the early follicular stage of the menstrual cycle. SUBJECTS: The study group consisted of 27 (33.2 +/- 7.9 years) patients with Turner syndrome and an age matched control group of 24 (32.7 +/- 7.6 years) normal women. MEASUREMENTS: Body composition measures, SHBG, testosterone (T), free testosterone (FT), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), alpha-4-androstendione (A), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), 17beta-oestradiol (E2), oestrone (E1), oestrone sulphate (ES), 24 h integrated GH concentration (ICGH), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP-3) were determined at baseline and after six months in women with Turner syndrome, and at baseline in control women. RESULTS: Circulating levels of A, T, FT, DHT, and SHBG were reduced by 25-40% in comparison with age matched normal women. The level of DHEAS was normal. The level of E2 was undetectable and levels of E1 and ES were very low in untreated Turner women. Treatment with 17beta-oestradiol and norethisterone increased oestrogen to levels comparable to those of normal women, while further decreasing FT (P = 0.02), DHT (P = 0.04), and T (P = 0.1). In untreated women with Turner syndrome IGF-I correlated significantly with DHEAS (R = 0.503, P < 0.01), while in normal women IGF-I correlated with A (R = 0.637, P < 0.01), T (R = 0.536, P < 0.01), and FT (R = 0.700, P < 0.01). During hormonal replacement in women with Turner syndrome IGF-I correlated significantly with DHEAS (R = 0.547, P < 0.01). Employing multiple regression analysis IGFBP-3, ICGH, DHEAS and fat free mass explained 85% (adjusted R = 0.92, P < 0.0005) of the variation in the level of IGF-I in untreated Turner syndrome. In treated Turners IGFBP-3, ICGH, SHBG, T, and FT explained 78% (adjusted R = 0.88, P < 0.0005). In controls IGFBP-3, SHBG, BMI and age explained 74% (adjusted R = 0.86, P < 0.0005) of the variation in IGF-I, while GH status did not contribute at all. CONCLUSION: The present study shows that many adults with Turner syndrome have reduced levels of circulating androgens, compared with an age-matched group of normal women. Conditions associated with Turner syndrome such as increased prevalence of sexual problems, reduced bone mineral content, osteoporosis, and an increased incidence of fractures and alterations in body composition could perhaps be alleviated or abolished by substitution with a low dose of androgens. Treatment with female hormonal replacement therapy is associated with a decrease in testosterone, free testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, possibly mediated by the androgenic effect of norethisterone. Furthermore significant differences in sex steroid levels, GH status and indices of body composition can be compatible with comparable levels of IGF-I in two very different groups of individuals.     

Body mass index, waist circumference and waist to hip ratio and change in sex steroid hormones: the Massachusetts Male Ageing Study

OBJECTIVE: Cross-sectional data suggest that obesity, particularly central obesity, may be associated with decreased production of sex steroid hormones in men. However, longitudinal hormone data on men in relation to obesity status are limited. Previous studies have not consistently demonstrated whether sex steroids are associated specifically to body mass index or to measures of central obesity. Our objective was to examine the relation of obesity (body mass index > 30 kg/m2), and of central obesity (waist circumference > 100 cm or waist to hip ratio > 0.95) to longitudinal change in sex steroid hormones in men. DESIGN: Prospective follow-up of a population-based sample of men in Boston. PATIENTS: Nine hundred forty-two (942) men in the Massachusetts Male Ageing Study with complete anthropometry and hormone data at baseline (1987-1989, ages 40-70) and follow-up (1995-1997). MEASUREMENTS: Free and total testosterone (FT and TT), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were assessed using standardized methods. Health behaviours and medical history were obtained by structured interview. Repeated measures regression was used to describe trends in steroid hormones and SHBG in relation to obesity status, adjusting for age, smoking, alcohol, comorbidities, and physical activity. RESULTS: Obesity was associated with decreased levels of total and free testosterone, and of SHBG at follow-up relative to baseline. For any given baseline concentration of TT, FT or SHBG, follow-up levels were lowest among men who remained obese or who became obese during follow-up. This was true for all three indices of obesity. Central adiposity was associated with lower DHEAS levels at follow-up, while elevated body mass index was not. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity may predict greater decline in testosterone and SHBG levels with age. Central adiposity may be a more important predictor of decline in DHEAS than is body mass index.     

The relationship of testosterone and AR CAG repeat genotype with knee extensor muscle function of young and older men

The inter-relationship between muscle strength and serum testosterone is not fully understood, and may be confounded or influenced by age. The polymorphism of androgen receptor gene CAG number (AR CAGn) could also influence these variables. The study examined the relationship between total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT) and AR CAGn with the muscle strength of young (YM, 18-30 yrs, n=82) and older (OM, 60-70 yrs, n=101) Caucasian men. Knee extensor strength was measured isometrically and isokinetically, and thigh and whole-body lean mass of the OM was determined by DXA. TT and serum hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were assayed by ELISA and used to calculate FT. AR CAGn was determined using polymerase chain reaction and microchip electrophoresis. OM were weaker than YM (-20 to -29%, all P<0.001), and serum androgens were lower (TT, -13%; FT, -13%; both P<0.001). TT was unrelated to any strength measurement in YM or OM. In the OM only, FT had a weak positive association with all three strength measures (r(2)=4.1-9.3%, P<0.036) and both whole body and thigh lean mass (r(2)=6.1-8.6%; P<0.013). Muscle strength was unrelated to AR CAGn for either the YM or OM, or when data were collapsed across both age groups (age normalised strength). Lean mass in the older cohort was also independent of AR CAGn. In conclusion, FT, but not TT or AR CAGn, was positively associated with muscle strength, but only as values declined with age.