Morphologic study of the pulmonary veins by magnetic resonance angiography

Accurate knowledge of the anatomy of the pulmonary veins is important in clinical electrophysiology. In order to evaluate the usefulness of magnetic resonance angiography for this purpose, we studied 17 unselected patients. All the pulmonary veins were visualized in each individual. The diameters of the ostia ranged between 9 mm and 22 mm. The cross-section of the ostium was elliptical in 35% of cases. In 14 patients (82%), the 4 veins each had independent drainage. In 2 patients (12%), there was an additional intermediate right vein and, in 1 patient (6%), both left veins had a common ostium. In 74% of patients, the right pulmonary veins had a short common trunk with early branching. This pattern was seen in only 10% of left veins. Magnetic resonance angiography using a contrast medium is an excellent technique for studying the anatomy of the pulmonary veins and for identifying variants. The resulting information is potentially useful for electrophysiologists.     

不同肺静脉电隔离策略治疗阵发性心房颤动的对比研究

目的对现阶段阵发性心房颤动（房颤）肺静脉电隔离治疗最常采用的两种导管消融策略进行比较。方法回顾性分析本院连续完成的第51～100例肺静脉节段性消融术（SPVA组）和第51～100例肺静脉环形消融术（CPVA组）的相关资料,比较两组的操作相关指标、安全性及临床效果。所有患者均为发作频繁、症状严重的阵发性房颤。结果两组的基线资料和平均操作时间差异无统计学意义,但SPVA组的平均X线透视时间较长（P〈0．01）,平均放电时间较短（P〈0．01）。术后3个月内CPVA组和SPVA组症状性房性快速心律失常（ATa）的复发率分别为30％和48％（P=0．10）。术后随访6个月时,CPVA组有41例（82％）患者在未服用抗心律失常药物的情况下已经至少连续3个月未再发作症状性ATa,而SPVA组仅有30例（60％）达此标准（P〈0．05）。两组术中各出现1例无症状性右上肺静脉狭窄,无其他重要并发症。结论肺静脉电隔离治疗阵发性房颤的CPVA策略在临床效果方面显著优于SPVA策略,且二者的安全性相当。     

环肺静脉消融术治疗老年人心房颤动的安全性分析

目的 评价老年心房颤动(房颤)患者导管消融治疗的安全性.方法 连续入选307例行环肺静脉线性消融治疗的房颤患者.比较老年组与中青年组导管消融治疗的疗效及安全性.结果 老年组的房颤病史长于中青年组,分别为(8.0±7.5)年和(6.1±5.7)年(P＜0.05);并存器质性心脏病的比例高,分别为37.2%和23.9%(P＜0.05).术后随访(13.5±6.3)个月,79例(25.7%)患者复发房性心律失常,两组复发率(30.9%和23.5%)比较,差异无统计学意义.28例(9.1%)患者出现操作相关并发症,老年组并发症发生率高于中青年组,分别为14.9%和6.6%(P＜0.05),两组间严重并发症发生率(3.2%和1.9%)比较,差异无统计学意义.结论 导管消融治疗是老年房颤患者一项可供选择的治疗措施.     

环肺静脉线性消融电学隔离肺静脉治疗100例心房颤动临床评价

目的探讨三维标测系统和单环状标测电极指导下行环肺静脉线性消融电学隔离肺静脉治疗心房颤动(房颤)的可行性和有效性。方法自2004年4月至2005年1月共对连续100例症状明显、发作频繁、抗心律失常药物治疗无效的房颤患者进行了在CARTO系统(76例)或EnSite-NavX系统(24例)指导下的环肺静脉线性消融术,消融终点为双侧肺静脉的彻底电学隔离。结果100例患者共完成200个环形消融环,肺静脉电学隔离率为95.0%。操作时间150～365(240±65)min,X线时间为23～61(37±12)min。其中8例(8.0%)复发患者接受了再次导管消融。随访5.5～12(10.2±5.7)个月,累计无房性快速心律失常率为85.0%。术后1、2、3、4、5、6个月时无房性快速心律失常率分别为66.0%、82.0%、87.0%、85.0%、85.0%、88.6%。并发症包括1例心脏压塞,经保守治疗后康复,1例患者出现无症状性肺静脉狭窄。结论在三维标测系统指导下,环肺静脉线性消融电学隔离肺静脉治疗房颤安全有效。     

环肺静脉消融治疗心房颤动后复发的临床预测因子

目的:从临床角度寻找环肺静脉消融治疗心房颤动(Af)后复发的独立预测因子,探讨其应用的适用人群.方法:随访51例接受CARTO标测指导下环肺静脉消融的Af患者,根据基本临床资料,筛选影响手术成功的因素;进行多元Logistic回归分析,寻找复发的独立预测因子.结果:51例患者术后随访5～26(11.3±7.4)个月,14例复发列为复发组,无Af发作的37例列为窦性心律组.2组的基本临床资料回顾性研究表明,患者在Af病程、阵发性Af(Paf)比率、左心房直径(LAD)、术前超敏C反应蛋白(hCRPp)、术后房性期前收缩次数、术后短阵房性心动过速次数、术后3个月超敏C反应蛋白(hCRPf)等7个参数差异有统计学意义.对上述参数进行多元Logistic回归分析,发现Paf比率、LAD、hCRPp、hCRPf偏回归系数分别为-3 42、4 81、2.76、2.11,均P<0.01.结论:Paf、LAD、术前和术后3个月hCRP浓度是环肺静脉消融治疗Af的独立预测因子.     

电解剖标测和磁共振影像融合技术指导导管消融心房颤动的有效性研究

目的探讨三维电解剖标测（CARTO）系统重建图像和预先取得的磁共振影像融合后指导心房颤动（房颤）导管消融的有效性。方法从2005年9月至2006年9月对连续100例药物治疗无效的房颤患者行导管消融治疗,基本策略均为在CARTO系统指导下进行环肺静脉线性消融并实现电学隔离。随机分为2组,每组50例。第1组为术前配准组,在消融开始前即进行影像配准并融合,并在此融合影像指导下进行导管消融,消融结束后进行再次融合;第2组为术后配准组,在单纯CARTO技术指导下消融,消融结束后才进行影像配准并融合。最后比较两组的消融结果并评估消融过程中的差异。结果环肺静脉消融结束后,第1组左心房三维磁共振表面重建影像至电解剖标测图像各点平均距离为（1．6±0．7）mm,消融线上平均标记位点（75±27）个,平均X线透视时间（31±21）min;第2组的上述指标分别为（2．1±1．3）mm、（98±38）个、（55±29）min。以上组间比较差异都有统计学意义。将实际消融线与预定消融线比较,第2组中有组间差异的偏差区域分别是左侧肺静脉前庭顶部（15例）、底部（11例）、前下缘（23例）、前上缘（24例）和右侧肺静脉前庭后上缘（12例）、底部（10例）、前下缘（15例）。结论影像融合技术指导导管消融可提高准确性,并可减少X线透视时间及消融点数。     

选择性上肺静脉造影显示下肺静脉开口位置的研究

目的探讨心房颤动(简称房颤)射频消融治疗中通过选择性上肺静脉造影显示下肺静脉开口位置的可行性与效果。方法97例房颤患者,取左前斜位(LAO)50°和右前斜位(RAO)50°两个体位进行左上肺静脉造影。取LAO50°及RAO30°两个体位进行右上肺静脉造影。结果97例(100%)均可通过选择性左上肺静脉造影清晰显示左下肺静脉开口的下缘,其中78例(80.4%)可以清晰显示左下肺静脉的开口前缘。79例(81.4%)患者可以清晰显示左下肺静脉开口的后缘。选择性右上肺静脉造影时,86例(88.7%)能够清晰识别右下肺静脉开口下缘,76例(78.4%)能清晰显示右下肺静脉开口前缘,81例(83.5%)能清晰显示右下肺静脉开口后缘。结论选择性上肺静脉造影不仅能够显示上肺静脉的开口位置,而且在大部分患者中亦能较清晰显示下肺静脉的开口解剖。     

EnSite-NavX和双Lasso指导下的左心房线性消融治疗阵发性心房颤动

目的在ENSITE-NAVX和双LASSO指导下环肺静脉口外线性消融,使肺静脉电活动与心房电活动分离,介绍这一手术方法治疗阵发性心房颤动(房颤)的初步经验。方法2004年4月至11月,共收治22例阵发性房颤患者,其中男性19例,女性3例,年龄25~67(48·5±11·4)岁,房颤病史0·5~13·0(4·3±3·3)年。3例有原发性高血压史,余均无器质性心脏病病史。超声心动图检查示左心房直径为31~46(37·5±4·6)MM。所有患者在建立ENSITE-NAVX左心房几何构型后,于肺静脉开口外0·5~1·0CM处设置环右侧肺静脉和左侧肺静脉的环状消融线径。盐水灌注导管沿拟定消融线逐点消融,完成右侧消融环线至LASSO电极上肺静脉电位消失;再完成左侧消融环线至肺静脉电位消失。术后服用普罗帕酮450MG/D、培哚普利4MG/D,共3个月。结果22例患者,除1例术中因心包填塞未达消融终点外,余21例均达到消融终点;其中3例于房颤节律时消融,余18例于窦性节律下消融。手术时间5·0~10·0(6·6±1·3)H,X线时间为30~84(56·1±18·0)MIN。随访3~11(5·3±2·7)个月,10例患者术后症状消失,HOLTER示偶见房性早搏。2例经再次手术后未再有房颤发作。3例术后1个月内有阵发性房颤发作,但1个月后未再有发作。2例术后仍有心悸症状,但无房颤发作,HOLTER示频繁房性早搏,少数组成短阵房性心动过速;3例仍有房颤发作;1例患者房颤发作更趋频繁。术中共2例发生心包填塞。本研究组总成功率为81%。结论ENSITE-NAVX和双LASSO指导下的左心房线性消融治疗阵发性房颤具有较高成功率,其长期结果有待于更多病例的积累和更长时间的随访。     

肺静脉异常电活动引起持续性心房颤动的电生理特点和消融治疗

目的　报道 4例肺静脉异常电活动引起持续性心房颤动 (房颤 )的电生理特点和消融治疗。方法　 4例患者的临床表现和心电图记录提示为持续性房颤。经股静脉和锁骨下静脉穿刺置入高位右房 (HRA)和冠状静脉窦 (CS)电极 ,并行房间隔穿刺和肺静脉造影 ,置入 10极环状电极 (Lasso电极 )进行各肺静脉标测。观察自发和诱发房颤时的心腔各部位局部电活动的周期及规则性 ,以局部异常电活动出现最早、持续异常电活动最紊乱的肺静脉作为靶肺静脉。在房颤持续时消融电隔离靶肺静脉至左房连接处 ,以房颤终止和异常电活动消失为消融终点。结果　 4例患者异常电活动起源于右上肺静脉 (3例 )和左上肺静脉 (1例 )。靶肺静脉局部电活动频率快且不规则 ,间断出现短阵性周期缩短。靶肺静脉口部消融分别于放电 1～ 18次时房颤终止 ,3例伴有异常电活动终止 ,1例肺静脉内仍显示快速异常电活动 ,经肺静脉内局灶消融后电活动终止。随访 4～ 17个月 ,无房颤复发。结论　肺静脉内异常电活动是部分持续性房颤的发生机制 ,射频消融肺静脉口部可隔离和消除异常电活动而终止房颤     

Selective segmental ostial ablation and circumferential pulmonary veins ablation. Results of an individualized strategy to cure refractory atrial fibrillation

Aims Previous studies have analyzed the efficacy of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation in series of consecutive patients or comparing methods in a randomized way, without taking account individual patient characteristics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of a strategy based on selecting the ablation method according to patient clinical features in drug-refractory paroxysmal or persistent AF. Methods and results Patients with left atrial diameter ≤40 mm and runs of atrial tachycardia of more than ten beats during Holter recording were selected for selective segmental ostial ablation (SSOA) in order to disconnect only those pulmonary veins with electrical potentials. The remaining patients underwent circumferential pulmonary veins ablation (CPVA) to modify left atrial substrate by extensive linear lesions. A group of 131 consecutive patients were included. Mean follow-up was 21.5 ± 15.2 months. In paroxysmal AF, 44 and 55 patients were selected for SSOA and CPVA, respectively, and the efficacy of the procedure was similar in the two groups (77 vs 74%; log-rank test p = NS). In persistent AF, 6 and 26 patients underwent SSOA and CPVA, respectively, and greater efficacy was observed in the second group (17 vs 65%; log-rank test p = 0.004). Conclusions Selecting the ablation method according to patient characteristics achieved good results and reduced the overall amount of ablated atrial tissue in patients with paroxysmal AF. However, in persistent AF the SSOA technique showed very limited efficacy despite the previous patient selection and a CPVA-like procedure may be the appropriate choice in all cases.     

Effect of pulmonary vein isolation on the left-to-right atrial dominant frequency gradient in human atrial fibrillation

BACKGROUND: We previously demonstrated the existence of a left-to-right atrial dominant frequency gradient during paroxysmal but not persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) in humans. One possible mechanism of the left-to-right dominant frequency gradient involves the role of the pulmonary veins (PVs) in AF maintenance. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of PV isolation on the dominant frequency gradient and outcome after PV isolation. METHODS: Patients with either paroxysmal or persistent AF were studied. Recordings were made from catheters in the coronary sinus (CS), posterior right atrium (RA), and posterior left atrium (LA) during AF before and after PV isolation. Mean left-to-right dominant frequency gradient was measured before and after segmental PV isolation. Patients were followed for AF recurrence after PV isolation. RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients with paroxysmal (n = 15) or persistent (n = 12) AF were studied. In the paroxysmal group, baseline dominant frequency was greatest in the posterior LA with a significant left-to-right atrial dominant frequency gradient (posterior LA = 6.2 +/- 0.9 Hz, CS = 5.8 +/- 0.8 Hz, posterior RA = 5.4 +/- 0.9 Hz; P <.001). After PV isolation, there was no regional difference in dominant frequency (5.9 +/- 0.7 Hz vs 5.7 +/- 0.6 Hz vs 5.7 +/- 0.7 Hz, respectively; P = NS). In the persistent AF group, there was no overall difference in dominant frequency among sites before or after PV isolation (P = NS); however, patients with long-term freedom from AF after PV isolation had a higher left-to-right dominant frequency gradient compared with patients with recurrent AF (0.4 vs 0.1 Hz; P <.05). CONCLUSION: PV isolation results in a loss in the left-to-right dominant frequency gradient in patients with paroxysmal AF. This finding supports the critical role of PVs in the maintenance of ongoing paroxysmal AF. Patients with persistent AF and a baseline left-to-right dominant frequency gradient have a better success rate with PV isolation alone compared with patients without a dominant frequency gradient.     

Behavior of atrial ectopic beats before and after pulmonary vein isolation in patients with atrial fibrillation: A reduction in the number and arrhythmogenicity of ectopic firings

BACKGROUND: No studies evaluating in a quantitative manner the effect of pulmonary vein (PV) isolation on the behavior of atrial premature beats have been reported. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to reveal the behavior of atrial premature beats before and after PV isolation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS: In 108 patients free from AF following PV isolation, both the number of atrial premature beats and their coupling intervals before and following PV isolation were evaluated with periodic 24-hour ambulatory monitoring. RESULTS: After a successful PV isolation procedure (group 1, n = 78), the number of atrial premature beats significantly decreased with two distinct time courses: an acute reduction on the following day and a subsequent gradual decrease throughout the whole observation period. The mean atrial premature beat coupling interval at baseline was 420 +/- 30 ms, which was significantly prolonged to 560 +/- 100 ms at 3 months after PV isolation (P <.01). Although patients with AF recurrence after PV isolation (group 2, n = 30) had transiently depressed atrial premature beats shortly after the procedure, they recovered to the former level 3 months after PV isolation. Repeat PV isolation targeting the reconnected PVs successfully suppressed these residual atrial premature beats both in their number and the coupling interval in a manner similar to those in group 1. CONCLUSION: Successful PV isolation reduced the number of atrial premature beats with both rapid and gradual time courses. The residual atrial premature beats appeared less arrhythmogenic, with longer coupling intervals than those at baseline. AF recurrences after PV isolation were associated with increased atrial premature beat number and shortened coupling interval, which were depressed by reisolation of reconnected PVs.     

节段性肺静脉电隔离术治疗心房颤动的疗效及相关因素分析

目的探讨Lasso电极标测下节段性肺静脉电隔离术对心房颤动(房颤)的疗效及其影响因素。方法对120例(其中男性105例;平均年龄50.0±8.6岁)行节段性肺静脉电隔离术的患者(包括阵发性房颤99例,持续性房颤21例),分析其年龄、性别、房颤类型、左心房大小、房颤病史、左心室射血分数、合并高血压与首次术后疗效的关系。结果99例阵发性房颤中首次治愈52例,治愈率52.5%;21例持续性房颤中首次治愈6例,治愈率为28.5%。单因素分析示房颤首次术后复发与左心房扩大、持续性房颤及年龄显著相关;阵发性房颤再次术后治愈率有高于持续性房颤的趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P=0.094)。逻辑回归分析结果只有左心房扩大是首次术后房颤复发的独立危险因素。结论节段性肺静脉电隔离首次术后阵发性房颤治愈率可达50%左右。左心房扩大是房颤复发的独立危险因素,高龄及持续性房颤影响房颤的首次术后治愈率。     

EnSite-NavX 与CARTO系统引导对心房颤动环肺静脉消融术的初步比较

目的比较EnSite-NavX系统与CARTO系统引导进行环肺静脉消融术（CPVA）治疗心房颤动（房颤）的各自特点、CPVA技术参数和临床疗效的差别。方法75例阵发性或持续性房颤患者,随机分为EnSite—NavX（n=40）和CARTO（n=35）引导的环肺静脉消融术两组,房间隔穿刺后,重建左房三维结构和环肺静脉射频消融。对持续性房颤进行线性消融以改良左房基质。消融终点为完全肺静脉电隔离。结果74例顺利完成消融术。CARTO组的总操作时间和X线透视时间显著短于EnSite—NavX组（P=0．03、0．04）,左心房三维重建时间和X线透视时间两组差异无统计学意义。环肺静脉消融时,CARTO组的X线透视时间和操作时间显著短于EnSite-NavX组。EnSite．NavX组中14例（35％）房颤放电终止,多于CARTO组的5例（14％）,P=0．04。单纯环肺静脉消融EnSite-NavX组实现肺静脉电隔离26例（65％）,显著多于CARTO组的11例（31％）,P=0．004。平均随访7个月,EnSite—NavX组32例（80％）和CARTO组24例（69％）无房颤发作,P=0．06。CARTO组1例发生心包压塞,经开胸修补痊愈;1例发生肠系膜小动脉栓塞,经药物治疗痊愈。EnSite-NavX组1例出现血胸,经胸腔穿刺引流痊愈。两组均未见肺静脉狭窄。结论三维标测系统引导下的房颤环肺静脉消融术临床效果相似。     

经球囊超声消融肺静脉治疗阵发性心房颤动的临床评价

目的　对经球囊超声消融肺静脉治疗阵发性心房颤动的效果和安全性进行临床评价。方法　阵发性心房颤动患者 4 7例 ,症状明显且抗心律失常药物治疗无效。经球囊超声消融左上肺静脉、右上肺静脉和左下肺静脉的开口 ,消融终点为肺静脉电学隔离。结果　总计消融了 137支肺静脉 ,肺静脉电学隔离 95支 (6 9 3% )。 4 4例患者的随访时间为 3～ 19(11 7± 5 1)个月 ,其中 18例(4 0 9% )患者可以无需药物而维持窦性心律。并发症包括 2例右侧膈神经麻痹、4例一过性心电图下壁导联ST段抬高和 2例严重迷走神经反射 ,无肺静脉狭窄。结论　现阶段阵发性心房颤动肺静脉超声球囊消融治疗的临床疗效和安全性可以接受。进一步改进球囊设计和以高温度 (6 0～ 6 5℃ )在肺静脉开口部消融 ,有助于提高成功率 ,减少并发症。     

肺静脉电隔离对环肺静脉线性消融术效果的影响

目的:探讨肺静脉完全隔离与否对环肺静脉线性消融术治疗阵发性心房颤动(Af)效果的影响。方法:63例阵发性Af患者随机分为隔离肺静脉组(30例)和不隔离肺静脉组(33例)。所有患者均在三维电解剖系统指导下完成环左右肺静脉线性消融。在术前和术后均放置10极环状导管(Lasso)以标测各肺静脉电位情况,对隔离肺静脉组,如环肺静脉消融完成后仍残存肺静脉电位则补充进行节段性肺静脉隔离,而对不隔离肺静脉组环肺静脉消融完成后不作进一步处理。结果:环肺静脉消融完成后,不隔离肺静脉组33例患者中30例(90.9%)未达完全肺静脉隔离。隔离肺静脉组30例患者中26例(86.7%)未达完全肺静脉隔离,在行补充性节段消融后,隔离肺静脉组完全肺静脉电隔离率达96.7%(29/30)。平均随访(11±3)个月后,不隔离肺静脉组81.8%(27/33)的患者和隔离肺静脉组83.3%(25/30)的患者停用抗心律失常药物后无Af发作,2组间差异无统计学意义。结论:环肺静脉线性消融术用于治疗阵发性Af时,术中完全的肺静脉电隔离对于提高长期疗效并非必需。     

三维标测系统指导下环肺静脉消融治疗心房颤动

目的 探讨三维标测系统指导下环肺静脉消融治疗心房颤动的安全性和有效性.方法 阵发性心房颤动92例和持续性或永久性心房颤动36例,接受环肺静脉消融术.采用Carto电解剖标测系统,进行环肺静脉左心房线性消融,消融终点为肺静脉电隔离.手术结束时对心律仍为心房颤动者行同步直流电心脏复律.结果 完成"解剖学"环形消融线256条,其中58.6%达到电隔离肺静脉的终点,经寻找缝隙补充消融后最终248条(96.9%)消融线达到终点.手术时间(231±45)min、X线曝光时间(42±13)min和放电时间(66±17)min.术后随访平均10个月,无复发101例(78.9%).接受了再次手术15例,心内电生理检查证实14例有左心房-肺静脉传导,射频消融成功并随访30～270 d,两次射频消融术后总成功率为87.5%,其中阵发性心房颤动成功率为93.0%,持续性或永久性心房颤动为76.7%.并发症发生率为6.2%,包括心包填塞2例、小脑梗死2例、股静脉穿刺部位血肿1例和左侧大量血胸1例,经治疗后均痊愈.结论 以肺静脉电隔离为目标的环肺静脉消融术治疗心房颤动有效和安全.     

Direct comparison of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for characterization of posterior left atrial morphology

Objective Accumulating evidence points to the central importance of the posterior left atrium (PLA) for atrial fibrillation (AF). Catheter ablation intended to cure AF is increasingly practiced; performance and assessment of this procedure is enhanced by accurate imaging of PLA anatomy. Prior reports have suggested that both computed tomographic (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques provide accurate PLA images. These techniques have never been compared directly.Materials and methods Twenty patients referred for catheter ablation underwent preoperative imaging using both CT and MR. Each technique was used to create a multidimensional image of the PLA.Results Within patients, morphologic and dimensional PLA indices, including number of individual pulmonary venoatrial junctions, presence of ostial branches, circumference of each venoatrial junction, venoatrial junction “non-circularity”, and distance between ipsilateral superior and inferior venoatrial junctions, were well correlated.Conclusions CT and MR-based images of the PLA appear comparable. Technique selection should involve considerations of toxicity, tolerance, and local resources.Supported in part by an unrestricted grant from General Electric Healthcare.     

心房颤动消融术中肺静脉传导恢复的识别及再干预对疗效的影响

目的观察阵发性心房颤动(房颤)环肺静脉电隔离术(CPVI)中不同观察时间内肺静脉传导急性恢复的发生率,并评价再次电隔离术对于临床疗效的影响。方法入选阵发性房颤患者90例,其中男性51例,女性39例,平均年龄56·4±12·3(45～73)岁;随机分为三组行CPVI,组A实现肺静脉电隔离不予观察,组B电隔离后观察时间30min,组C电隔离后观察时间60min,评价肺静脉传导恢复发生率并对其再次行电隔离术。术后随访心电图和24小时动态心电图评价疗效。结果所有患者顺利完成消融术。组A平均手术时间显著短于组B和组C。肺静脉隔离时间和X线透视时间三组中每两组差异均无统计学意义。组B左肺静脉隔离后30min传导恢复8例(25%),60min电位恢复共10例(31·2%);右肺静脉隔离后30min传导恢复6例(18·8%)。组C左肺静脉隔离后30min传导恢复9例(30%),60min传导恢复共11例(36·7%);右肺静脉隔离后30min7例(23·3%)传导恢复,60min共8例(26·7%)传导恢复。平均随访6·7±2·3(4～9)个月,组A17例(60·7%)、组B27例(84·3%)、组C26例(86·7%)无房性快速性心律失常发作,P=0·04。结论环肺静脉电隔离术中肺静脉传导急性恢复率为30%左右,多数发生在肺静脉隔离后30min内,再次电隔离术有助于提高消融成功率。     

环肺静脉消融电隔离治疗持续性心房颤动的疗效观察

目的评价EnSite-NavX系统引导下环肺静脉消融电隔离结合左心房线性消融治疗持续性/永久性心房颤动(房颤)的安全性和疗效。方法入选2004年9月至2005年8月持续性/永久性房颤患者60例,男性43例,女性17例,平均年龄59.2±13.6(39~77)岁,平均房颤持续时间4±6年(6个月~24年)。左心房内径43.2±6.4(42~58)mm。在EnSite-NavX系统引导下行环肺静脉消融达到肺静脉电隔离,并进行左心房后壁和二尖瓣峡部线性消融。结果60例均顺利完成手术。平均手术时间170±34(150~240)min,X线透视时间23±10(12~45)min。环左肺静脉消融电隔离率为83.3%,环右肺静脉消融电隔离率为78.3%,其余病例结合节段性消融达到肺静脉电隔离。消融终止房颤7例;转变为房性心动过速(房速)/心房扑动(房扑)5例,其中2例消融终止。48例电转复成功,术后房扑/房速10例(16.7%),8例自愈,2例再次消融成功。术后平均随访6.5±3.2(4~11)个月,43例(71.7%)无房颤发作(其中18例服用抗心律失常药物)。并发症:股动脉假性动脉瘤1例,经保守治疗痊愈。结论EnSite-NavX系统引导下环肺静脉消融电隔离结合左心房线性消融治疗持续性/永久性房颤安全性好,疗效可以接受。