声学定量技术评价经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术对左房、右室功能的影响

用声学定量技术（ＡＱ）对３８例经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术（ＰＢＭＶ）患者术前与术后的左房、右室功能进行比较，结果表明：与术前比较，术后患者的左房射血分数（ＥＦ）、面积变化率（ＦＡＣ）及高峰充盈率（ＰＦＲ）显著增加．收缩及舒张末期面积（ＥＳＡ、ＥＤＡ）和容积（ＥＳＶ、ＥＤＶ）明显减小，而高峰射血率（ＰＥＲ）及高峰充盈时间（ＴＰＦＲ）则无显著性改变；术后患者的右室ＥＦ、ＦＡＣ、ＰＥＲ、ＰＦＥ均明显升高，ＥＳＡ、ＥＳＶ明显减小，但ＥＤＡ、ＥＤＶ及ＴＰＦＲ却无显著变化。表明：ＰＢＭＶ术后患者的左房、右室收缩及舒张功能均有不同程度的改善。     

核素心血池显像评价COPD并发肺心病右室功能

对１５例慢性阻塞性肺疾病（ＣＯＰＤ）并发肺心病患者进行核素心血池显像检查，并与右心导管测压作对照。结果显示：肺心病伴肺动脉高压组的右室射血分数（ＲＶＥＦ）较正常对照组和肺心病伴肺动脉压正常组均明显降低（Ｐ＜０．００１，Ｐ＜０．００１），右房舒张早期排空率（ＲＡＥＲ）和右室峰充盈率（ＲＶＰＦＲ）呈阶梯样降低，且ＲＡＥＲ和ＲＶＰＦＲ的下降出现在ＲＶＥＦ下降之前。提示右室舒张功能可能先于收缩功能受损。     

核素心血池显像评价COPD并发肺心病有室功能

对１５例慢性阻塞性肺疾病（ＣＯＰＤ）并发肺心病患者进行核素心血池显像检查，并与右心导管测压作对照。结果显示：肺心病伴肺动脉高压组的右室射血分数（ＲＶＥＦ）较正常对照组和肺心病伴肺动脉压正常组均明显降低（Ｐ＜０．００１，Ｐ＜０．００１），右房舒张早期排空率（ＲＡＥＲ）和右室峰充盈率（ＲＶＰＦＲ）呈阶梯样降低，且ＲＡＥＲ和ＲＶＰＦＲ的下降出现在ＲＶＥＦ下降之前。提示右室舒张功能可能先于收缩功能受损。     

急性心肌梗塞后左室重构变化的研究

应用二维多普勒超声心动图对６８例急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）患者的左室重构（ＬＶＲ）变化进行了观察。结果显示，心肌梗塞后ＬＶＲ早期（３～６周）左室舒张末内径（ＬＶＤｄ）、左室舒张末容积（ＥＤＶ）、左室收缩末容积（ＥＳＶ）、左室收缩期最大室壁应力（Ｅｄｂ）、左室收缩末期室壁应力（Ｅｓｂ）、平均室壁应力（ｍｅａｎｂ）、二尖瓣舒张晚期血流速度峰值（ＰＶＡ）、左房张力（ＬＡＴ）、左房射血力（ＬＡＦ）及峰值充盈速度（ＰＦＲ）显著增大（Ｐ＜０．０１－０．００１），射血分数（ＥＦ）、心输出量（ＣＯ）、左室收缩期圆周指数（ＬＶＳＣＩ）、平均周边纤维缩短速率（ＭＶＣＦ）、二尖瓣舒张早期血流速度峰值（ＰＶＥ）及ＰＶＡ／ＰＶＥ显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１－０．００１）。ＬＶＲ晚期（６－１２个月），ＥＤＶ、ＥＳＶ增加，ＥＦ、ＣＯ及ＬＶＳＣＩ降低（Ｐ＜０．００１）；与ＬＶＲ早期比较，ＰＶＥ、ＰＶＡ及ＬＡＦ无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。提示ＡＭＩ后ＬＶＲ的主要病因是梗塞区膨展、左室扩张、容量负荷及室壁应力增加，从而导致心肌梗塞并发症；ＥＳＶ、ＥＤＶ及ＥＦ可作为了解远期ＡＭＩ患者预后的最佳指标。     

慢性低氧性肺动脉高压的无创诊断

通过Ｓｗａｎ－Ｇａｎｚ导管，测定了３０例ＣＯＰＤ并肺心病患者的肺动脉压等血流动力学参数，同步行核素心功能、超声心动图、血气分析、肺功能等检查。结果发现肺动脉平均压（ｍＰＡＰ）与右室射血分数（ＲＶＥＦ）、残气／肺总量（ＲＶ／ＴＬＣ）、肺动脉直径（ＰＣＤ）、动脉血氧饱和度（ＳａＯ２）等均有显著相关性（Ｐ均＜０．０５）。通过逐步回归分析得到最优多元回归方程：Ｙ（ｍＰＡＰ）＝３．９０２－０．１０６ＲＶＥＦ＋０．０３６ＲＶ／ＴＬＣ＋０．２００ＰＡＤ－０．０５０ＳａＯ２。该多元回归方程可试用于临床低氧性肺动脉高压的无创诊断。     

急性心肌梗塞后左室重构的超声心动图随访研究

目的：应用超声心动图对９２例急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）患者的左室重构（ＬＶＲ）进行随访研究,以探讨ＬＶＲ衍变规律。方法：分别于ＬＶＲ早期（３～６周）及后期（６～１２个月）应用彩色多普勒血流显像仪测定左室舒张末内径（ＬＶＤｄ）、左室收缩期圆周指数（ＬＶＳＣＩ）、左室舒张末及收缩末容积（ＥＤＶ,ＥＳＶ）、射血分数（ＥＦ）、心输出量（ＣＯ）、室壁应力指数（Ｅｄｂ,Ｅｓｂ,ｍｅａｎ服ｂ）、平均周边纤维缩短速率（ＭＶＣＦ）、二尖瓣舒张早期及晚期血流速度峰值（ＰＶＥ,ＰＶＡ）、左房张力（ＬＡＴ）、左房射血为（ＬＡＦ）及峰值充盈速度（ＰＦＲ）进行分析。结果：ＡＭＩ后ＬＶＲ早期可出现ＬＶＤｄ、ＥＤＶ、ＥＳＶ、Ｅｄｂ、Ｅｓｂ、ｍｅａｎｂ、ＰＶＡ、ＰＶＡ／ＰＶＥ、ＬＡＴ、ＬＡＦ显著增大（Ｐ＜０．０１－０．００１）,ＰＦＲ、ＥＦ、ＣＯ、ＬＶＳＣＩ、ＭＶＣＦ、ＰＶＥ显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１—０．００１）;后期上述在室功能指标进一步减退,左房增力泵失代偿,左室畸形增加。结论：ＡＭＩ后ＬＶＲ的主要原因是梗塞区膨展、左室扩张、容量负荷及室壁应力增加,从而导致二尖瓣返流等并发症的出现。ＥＳＶ、ＥＤＶ及ＥＦ可作为了解远期预后的最佳指标。     

DETECTION OF CIRCULATING ANTIGEN OF CYSTICERCUS CELLULOSAE FORM CYSTICERCOSIS PATIENTS’ SERA WITH INHIBITIVE ELIS

ＤＥＴＥＣＴＩＯＮＯＦＣＩＲＣＵＬＡＴＩＮＧＡＮＴＩＧＥＮＯＦＣＹＳＴＩＣＥＲＣＵＳＣＥＬＬＵＬＯＳＡＥＦＲＯＭＣＹＳＴＩＣＥＲＣＯＳＩＳＰＡＴＩＥＮＴＳ’ＳＥＲＡＷＩＴＨＩＮＨＩＢＩＴＩＶＥＥＬＩＳＡＡＮＤＢＬＯＣＫＩＮＧＩＨＡＺｈａｏＸｕ一Ｄｏｎ...     

核心脏技术在稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者左心功能研究 …

目的 了解慢性阻塞性肺疾病（ＣＯＰＤ）患者稳定期左心功能的状况。方法 采用多门电路血池平衡法素心血管造影（ＭＧＢＰ）技术对４３例不同程度的ＣＯＰＤ患者及名肺功能正常者左室收缩功能和舒张功能进行综合评价。结果 左室射血分数（ＬＶＥＦ） 率（ＰＥＲ）、收缩期前１／３射血分数、１／３射血率;舒张末期到收缩末期的时间（ＴＥＳ）、收缩末期到高峰充盈时间（ＴＰＥ）、高峰充盈率（ＰＦＲ）、前１／３充盈分数、前１     

右心室起搏治疗肥厚梗阻型心肌病的临床及血液动力学研究

２０例肥厚梗阻型心肌病患者应用右室起搏治疗后显示收缩期二尖瓣前向运动（ＳＡＭ）及左室流出道（ＬＶＯＴ）血流速度显著减轻（Ｐ〈０．００１），ＬＶＯＴ明显增宽，左室舒张末压及ＬＶＯＴ压力阶差显著降低（Ｐ〈０．００１），心输出量及心脏指数明显增加，症状及心功能明显改善。提示右室起搏通过室间隔预先激动导致在收缩早、中期与左室后壁呈反向运动，使ＬＶＯＴ增宽、血流速度减慢，从而消除Ｖｅｎｔｕｒｉ氏效应及ＳＡＭ     

多巴酚丁胺和潘生丁负荷试验诊断冠心病的临床研究

为了寻找阳性率高的药物负荷试验，作者对冠心病（ＣＡＤ）组和可疑ＣＡＤ组共５１例患者，进行多巴酚丁胺（ＤＯＢ）和潘生丁（ＰＥＲ）负荷试验各１次，比较ＤＯＢ和ＰＥＲ负荷试验的阳性率。结果:ＤＯＢ与ＰＥＲ负荷试验对血压的影响无显著差异，但在心率、心律、心电图ＳＴ－Ｔ改变及主诉不适等有显著差异。ＤＯＢ和ＰＥＲ负荷试验的阳性率在ＣＡＤ组分别为７６．９％和５３．８％，可疑ＣＡＤ组分别为２６．３％和１５．８％。ＤＯＢ试验的阳性率显著优于ＰＥＲ试验，更接近运动试验。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.