保留髌骨型全膝关节置换术的中期疗效

目的评价膝关节退变性骨关节炎行保留髌骨型全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)后膝前痛发生率、临床功能及髌骨软骨退变等级对临床疗效的影响。方法回顾分析2006年2月至2009年2月采用保留髌骨型TKA治疗151例(151膝)膝关节退变性骨关节炎患者的临床资料。其中男59例,女92例;平均年龄72.3岁(56~82岁)。髌骨软骨退变等级采用Outerbridge分级标准、术后膝前痛采用VAS评分、临床功能采用美国膝关节学会评分(the knee society scale,KSS)和髌骨评分(Patellar scores,PS)。结果平均随访时间(6.4±1.8)年。所有患者切口达Ⅰ期愈合。髌骨软骨退变等级:Ⅰ级18例,Ⅱ级36例,Ⅲ级62例,Ⅳ级35例。末次随访时,6例(4.0%)患者有膝前疼痛,其中轻度疼痛4例,中度2例,无重度疼痛。患者平均KSS评分由术前(82.6±9.3)分提高到术后(169.8±13.2)分;患者平均PS由术前(10.5±3.3)分提高到术后(27.8±4.5)分。不同髌骨软骨退变不影响术后膝前痛发生率(χ2=0.42,P=0.94)、KSS评分(膝评分:F=1.83,P=20.14;功能评分:F=0.56,P=20.64)和PS评分(F=0.78,P=20.51)。结论膝关节退变性骨关节炎行保留髌骨型TKA术可取得满意的临床疗效,髌骨软骨退变等级不影响临床疗效。     

髌骨周围电灼去神经化对保留髌骨的全膝关节置换术膝前痛的Meta分析

目的 以Meta分析方法研究髌骨周围电灼去神经化对保留髌骨的全膝关节置换术（TKA）膝前痛和膝关节功能的影响.方法 检索关于保留髌骨行髌骨周围电灼去神经化TKA的相关文献,按照特定的纳入和排除标准筛选文献并提取相关数据,用Review Manager 5.0软件进行Meta 分析.结果共纳入四篇随机对照研究.分析表明髌骨周围电灼去神经化对保留髌骨的TKA患者术后膝前痛的发生率无影响[RR=0.76,95%CI （0.59,1.00）,P=0.05],但是可以改善其的Feller髌骨评分[MD=1.15,95%CI （0.74,1.55）,P〈0.01],KSS评分系统-膝关节评分[MD=1.30,95%CI （0.23,2.37）,P〈0.05]和KSS评分系统-膝关节功能评分[MD=1.45,95%CI （0.08,2.81）,P〈0.05].结论 在保留髌骨的全膝关节置换术中使用髌骨边缘电灼去神经化能改善术后膝前痛和膝关节功能.     

全膝关节置换术中髌骨面修整与髌骨置换的比较研究

目的比较全膝关节置换术髌骨面修整和髌骨置换的临床结果。方法2002年1月至12月对60例（60膝）行初次全膝关节置换术的骨性关节炎患者进行前瞻性、随机化研究。所有患者接受相同的后交叉韧带替代型全膝关节假体（PFC）,患者随机行髌骨面修整（髌骨面修整组）或髌骨置换（髌骨置换组）。58例患者平均随访54个月（40～60个月）,对其进行临床评价,包括膝关节协会评分（KSS）、膝关节活动度（ROM）、患者满意度和X线检查。结果两组患者KSS总评分（P=0．12）、KSS疼痛评分（P=0．90）、患者满意度（P=0．22）无明显差异;两组术后膝前痛的发生率均为10％亦无明显差异。两组ROM（P=0．028）和KSS功能评分（P=0．0098）差异有统计学意义。结论全膝关节置换术不论是髌骨面修整还是髌骨置换均能明显减轻疼痛和改善功能。术后膝前痛可能与假体设计和手术技术有关,并非与是否置换髌骨有关。     

全膝关节置换术中髌骨置换与髌骨成形对膝关节功能的影响

 目的 探讨髌骨置换与髌骨成形对全膝关节置换术后膝关节功能的影响。方法 对2010年8月至11月拟行全膝关节置换术的48例(69膝)膝关节骨关节炎患者进行随机分组,髌骨置换组24例(35膝)、髌骨成形组24例(34膝)。两组患者年龄、体重、身高、体重指数、美国膝关节协会(Knee Society Score,KSS)膝评分及功能评分、髌骨评分的差异均无统计学意义。比较两组术后6周、3个月、6个月、12个月、24个月的KSS膝评分及功能评分、髌骨评分、术后膝前痛发生率及影像学表现。结果 髌骨置换组20例(30膝)与髌骨成形组20例(29膝)获得随访。术后各时点两组KSS膝评分的差异无统计学意义;6个月以后髌骨置换组KSS功能评分高于髌骨成形组,12个月以后髌骨置换组髌骨评分高于髌骨成形组,差异有统计学意义。术后各时点髌骨置换组膝前痛发生率与髌骨成形组的差异有统计学意义。术后24个月髌骨置换组与髌骨成形组术后胫股角(174.25°±0.97°与173.63°±0.48°)、髌韧带比值(1.01±0.09与1.09±0.07)、髌骨倾斜角(4.58°±0.18°与4.41°±0.19°)、髌骨适合角(2.69°±4.15°与2.56°±3.72°)、髌骨移位距离[(1.53±1.34) mm与(1.68±1.23) mm]的差异均无统计学意义。结论 全膝关节置换术中行髌骨置换可以改善膝关节和髌骨功能,降低术后膝前痛的发生率。     

全膝关节置换术中髌骨置换与否对早期疗效及膝前痛的影响

 目的 探讨全膝关节置换术中髌骨置换与否对早期疗效及膝前痛发生率的影响。方法 2010年6月至2011年6月拟行全膝关节置换术患者100例,随机分为两组：髌骨置换组43例50膝,髌骨未置换组57例66膝。比较术后6个月、12个月两组患者的西安大略和麦克马斯特大学(West Ontario and McMaster Universities,WOMAC)骨关节炎指数、美国膝关节外科协会(Knee Surgery Society,KSS)膝评分和功能评分、膝前痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)。结果 髌骨置换组与髌骨未置换组患者术后膝前痛VAS评分均较术前明显降低,两组间VAS评分及膝前痛发生率的差异无统计学意义。WOMAC骨关节炎指数6个月分别为28.8±11.2和18.6±7.2、术后12个月分别为20.7±6.2和16.0±5.5,KSS膝评分6个月分别为(87.0±8.3)分和(90.9±7.2)分、术后12个月分别为(84.2±10.6)分和(88.8±9.2)分,KSS功能评分术后6个月分别为(86.6±21.6)分和(84.9±16.5)分、术后12个月分别为(85.2±16.4)分和(91.0±10.0)分,组间差异均无统计学意义。髌骨轴位X线片示髌骨与股骨假体滑车吻合度良好,无不稳及脱位表现。术后1年内无翻修、髌骨表面再置换病例。结论 全膝关节置换术对改善因骨关节炎或类风湿关节炎导致的膝关节疼痛、功能受限有效;髌骨置换与否对术后短期疗效及膝前痛发生率没有影响。     

髌骨置换与否对全膝关节置换术后疗效的影响

目的 探讨膝骨关节炎患者行全膝关节表面置换时髌骨置换与否对术后疗效及并发症发生的影响.方法 对2007年1月至2011年12月之间行人工全膝关节置换术的170例(237膝)骨关节炎患者,按髌骨置换(126膝)和未置换(111膝)分为2组.对术前和末次随访时两组的HSS评分、膝前痛评分、膝关节活动度、最大屈曲度数、屈曲畸形及手术时情况和患者满意度等进行对比分析.结果使用SPSS 17.0统计软件包进行统计学分析.结果 在170例(237膝)OA患者中161例(21 3膝)获得随访,平均随访时间(40.94±8.02)个月,置换组HSS评分由术前的(40.19±8.14)分增加到末次随访时的(87.45±6.00)分(P＜0.05),膝前痛评分由(4.13±1.08)分升高到(19.47±4.04)分(P＜0.05);未置换组HSS评分由(40.00±6.74)分上升到(88.93±4.92)分(P＜0.05),膝前痛评分由(3.58±2.26)分变化到(13.61±3.89)分(P＜0.05);患者满意度置换组为80.91％,未置换组为61.17％(P＜0.05).在HSS评分、膝关节活动度、最大屈曲度数、屈曲畸形等方面两组差异无统计学意义.而在膝前痛评分、患者满意度、手术时间、术中失血量等方面差异有统计学意义.结论 当膝关节骨关节炎患者进行全膝关节置换术时,若术前存在膝关节疼痛严重、患者期望较高、不适合长时间手术,应行髌骨置换.     

髌骨钻孔减压改善全膝关节置换术后膝前疼痛

目的探讨通过髌骨钻孔减压术改善全膝关节置换术(TKA)后膝前痛的临床疗效。方法将符合标准的113例行TKA的骨关节炎患者按数字法随机分为两组:54例为减压组,TKA术中联合髌骨钻孔减压术;59例为非减压组,仅施行TKA不联合髌骨钻孔减压术。术后观察两组患者切口愈合情况、相关并发症、KSS评分及膝前痛发生率。结果两组患者切口均一期愈合,无严重并发症发生,113例均获满12个月的完整随访。KSS评分:减压组术后明显高于非减压组;术后膝前痛的发生率明显低于非减压组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 TKA术中联合髌骨减压术可以在一定程度上改善膝关节KSS评分及降低术后膝前疼痛的发生率。     

股骨假体设计对保留髌骨全膝关节置换术后膝前痛的影响

目的探讨不同股骨假体设计对保留髌骨全膝关节置换术(totalkneearthroplasty,TKA)后膝前痛发生率及疼痛程度的影响。方法2002年1月15日～2月15日间,门诊共随访保留髌骨TKA后患者44例59膝,所有手术均于1998年10月～2001年10月间施行,术前诊断均为骨关节炎,术后随访3～40个月,平均19.1个月。依据目前较普遍认同的标准:股骨假体髌骨滑槽的深度、宽度、是否对称,髌骨滑槽的延伸范围,股骨假体前方向远端移行是否平滑等将股骨假体分为“髌骨友好”与“髌骨不友好”两组。病例排除的标准:(1)膝关节屈曲小于80°者;(2)X线影像提示存在股骨假体屈曲大于3°、股骨前方皮质切迹(notching)、髌骨高位或低位等外科操作失误者。按美国膝关节学会评分方法及患者自我感觉对疼痛发生率及疼痛程度进行量化分析。结果入选的40例51膝分属上述两组,“髌骨友好”组21膝,术后膝前痛评分平均为1.58(0～8)分;“髌骨不友好”组30膝,术后膝前痛评分平均为3.32(0～6)分,两组之间差异有非常显著性意义(t=4.642,P<0.01)。“髌骨友好”与“髌骨不友好”两组无膝前痛患者构成比分别为64%与9%,两组之间差异有非常显著性意义(χ2=15.457,P<0.01)。结论股骨假体设计的不同会直接影响保留髌骨TKA术后膝前痛的发生率及疼痛程度,行保留髌骨TKA     

髌骨软骨破坏程度对保留髌骨的全膝关节置换术疗效的影响

目的 探讨髌骨软骨破坏程度对保留髌骨的全膝关节置换术疗效的影响.方法 2002年1月至2006年5月行全膝关节置换术163例244膝,根据术中观察到的髌骨软骨破坏程度将患者分为轻度、中度、重度软骨破坏三组.所有手术均不置换髌骨.术后随访88例133膝,轻度组42膝,中度组43膝,重度组48膝.采用美国膝关节学会评分(Knee Society Score,KSS)系统(包括膝评分和膝功能评分)和膝前痛评分系统对三组疗效进行评估.结果 随访48～102个月,平均72个月.KSS膝评分和膝功能评分从术前(35.1±5.4)分和(19.2±9.8)分分别提高到(91.7±5.6)分和(83.7±17.5)分.三组KSS膝评分从术前(34.7±6.2)分、(36.5±5.2)分、(35.3±6.2)分分别提高至(92.6±4.5)分、(90.5±6.7)分、(91.9±5.9)分;膝功能评分从术前(14.2±8.6)分、(16.5±7.4)分、(17.0±7.5)分分别提高至(86.6±12.6)分、(82.0±17.2)分、(82.8±21.1)分.三组术后膝评分和膝功能评分的差异均无统计学意义.术后膝前痛的发生率为11.3%(15/133),轻度、中度、重度软骨破坏组分别为11.9%(5/42)、11.6%(5/43)、10.4%(5/48),差异无统计学意义.结论 全膝关节置换术后疗效及膝前痛的发生率与术前髌骨软骨破坏程度无关,髌骨软骨破坏程度不是全膝关节置换术中置换髌骨的可靠依据.

Abstract：

Objective To determine whether there was any correlation between the degree of degenerative changes in the patellar cartilage and the clinical outcome after TKA without patellar resurfacing.Methods A clinical study was performed on 133 knees of 88 patients that underwent TKA without patellar resurfacing from January 2002 to May 2006. According to the degenerative condition of the patellar cartilage,patients was classified as mild group, moderate group, and severe group. Pre- and post-operative evaluations were performed using the knee and function scores of the Knee Society Clinical Rating System (KSS) and Anterior Knee Pain Rating. Results The duration of follow-up was 72 months (range 48-102). The overall knee score of KSS in all patients were improved from 35.1±5.4 preoperatively to 91.7±5.6 postoperatively,and function score of KSS from 19.2±9.8 preoperatively to 83.7±17.5 postoperatively. The mean knee scores of KSS were improved from 34.7±6.2, 36.5±5.2 and 35.3±6.2 preoperatively to 92.6±4.5, 90.5±6.7 and 91.9±5.9 in mild, moderate, and severe group postoperatively, respectively. The mean function scores of KSS were improved from 14.2±8.6, 16.5±7.4 and 17.0±7.5 postoperatively to 86.6±12.6, 82.0±17.2 and 82.8±21.1 in mild, moderate, and severe group postoperatively, respectively. There was no difference among all groups with regard to the postoperative knee scores and function scores of KSS. The prevalence of anterior knee pain was 11.3% in all, and 11.9% in mild group, 11.6% in moderate group and 10.4% in severe group. There was no difference among all groups with regard to the anterior knee pain. Conclusion The clinical outcome and anterior knee pain after TKA without patellar resurfacing was not correlated with the severity of degenerative changes in the patellar cartilage. The degree of degenerative condition of the patellar cartilage is not indication for patellar resurfacing.     

膝关节骨关节炎患者初次全膝关节置换术中选择髌骨置换的Meta分析

目的探讨膝关节骨关节炎(OA)进行初次全膝关节置换术(TKA)中选择髌骨置换与否的疗效,评价两种不同治疗选择的差异。方法检索Medline、Embase、Cochranelibrary、CBM,收集膝关节OA行初次TKA术中髌骨置换与否的临床对照试验,提取数据分析,采用RevMan5.0.18进行Meta分析。结果纳入8个前瞻性随机对照试验,共822例手术,其中髌骨置换组373例,髌骨非置换组444例。髌骨置换与非置换组比较,前膝痛与KSS评分均无明显的统计学意义(P0.5),置换组的因髌股关节问题而再次手术率低于非置换组[RR=0.53,95%CI(0.29,0.96),P=0.04],但置换组再次手术的原因除了常见的前膝痛,还包括髌骨假体相关的并发症。结论膝关节OA的患者行初次TKA术中选择髌骨置换与否的前膝痛与KSS评分无明显的统计学意义,置换组的因髌股关节问题再次手术率低于非置换组,但置换组再次手术的复杂性大于非置换组。     

Patella resurfacing in posterior stabilised total knee arthroplasty: a follow-up study in 56 patients

Patellar resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remains controversial. This study evaluates the results of resurfacing and non-resurfacing of the patella. Fifty-six patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee were enrolled in a prospective randomised clinical trial using a posterior-stabilised TKA. Evaluations were done preoperatively and after 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months. Disease specific (Knee Society Score or KSS) and functional (patella-related activities) outcomes were measured. Patient satisfaction and anterior knee pain questionnaires were completed. No patients were lost to follow-up. No significant differences were found between groups with regard to the clinical part of the Knee Society score (KSS) not even in obese patients, the ability of performing daily activities involving the patellofemoral joint, and patient satisfaction. Significant differences were found regarding the functional section of the KSS, passive flexion, anterior knee pain and patellar tilt and subluxation. In conclusion, the authors believe that, for the implant studied, patellar resurfacing can be indicated.     

The efficacy of patellar decompression for improving anterior knee pain following total knee arthroplasty without patellar resurfacing

Background

Anterior knee pain remains common following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of patellar decompression via drilling for the treatment of anterior knee pain following TKA without patellar resurfacing.

Methods

A prospective cohort study was performed in 271 consecutive patients who underwent primary total knee replacement with patellar decompression (study group, n = 131) or without decompression (control group, n = 140). The patients were assessed according to the Knee Society rating, clinical anterior knee pain score, and British Orthopaedic Association patient-satisfaction score in each group. Each assessment was performed without the examiner knowing whether the patella had been decompressed. Radiographic evaluations were also performed according to the Knee Society scoring system for functional activity and our own severity grade system for patellofemoral articular change.

Results

There were no adverse events following patellar decompression. The overall prevalence of anterior knee pain was not significantly different between groups (p = 0.71). However, patients presenting pain over grade II after the operation in the study group were statistically low (p = 0.01). The overall postoperative knee scores were higher in the study group, but there were no significant differences between groups (p = 0.0731). Analyses of the radiographs revealed similar postoperative outcomes in both groups of knees.

Conclusions

As we observed significantly lower rates of anterior knee pain and no patellar complications following patellar decompression via drilling in TKA without patellar resurfacing, we recommend performing patellar decompression in cases of total knee replacement without patellar resurfacing.     

初次全膝关节置换术后膝前痛预防的研究进展

全膝关节置换术（total knee arthroplasty,TKA）是治疗终极膝关节病变的有效方法,能有效缓解疼痛,纠正畸形,改善功能,进而提高患者的生活质量.目前,患者的满意程度越来越被认为是评价TKA的一个重要因素.而膝前痛作为初次TKA后的常见并发症,是指发生于膝前或者髌骨周围的疼痛,这严重影响了患者膝关节功能的改善和其对手术的满意程度.因此,膝前痛的减轻成为TKA的重要目标.目前,认为膝前痛的主要机制是髌股关节的高接触应力造成的软骨下骨内压升高和并发于髌骨运行轨迹异常导致的髌骨周围软组织病变.近年来针对如何预防全膝关节置换术后膝前痛的发生进行了大量研究,但是由于各种各样的原因,至今为止不管是髌骨置换,保留髌骨行髌骨周围去神经化,还是活动平台体都不能取得确切而良好的效果.由此可见,初次TKA后膝前痛的防治仍然是一个棘手的问题.此问题的解决,需要对膝前痛发生原因、膝关节假体及髌股关节生物力学特性做进一步研究,并经过大规模的随机对照试验的论证.     

Patelloplasty versus traditional total knee arthroplasty for osteoarthritis

The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical effects of patelloplasty and traditional patellar management in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for osteoarthritis. A total of 152 patients with osteoarthritis treated with TKA between January 2004 and December 2005 were retrospectively studied. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: the patelloplasty group (group A; n=76) and the traditional treatment group (group B; n=76). Knee Society Score (KSS), Feller patellar score, Lonner patellar score, patient satisfaction, joint range of motion (ROM), and incidence of postoperative anterior knee pain were compared between the groups. Mean follow-up was 55 months (range, 48-71 months) for 132 patients, including 68 patients in group A and 64 in group B. Significant differences were found in KSS functional score, Feller patellar score, Lonner patellar score, and patient satisfaction, but no significant differences were found in ROM and total KSS score between the groups postoperatively. Group A obtained higher KSS scores and patient satisfaction than group B, with no significant difference in postoperative anterior knee pain. Postoperative radiographs revealed a significant difference in patellofemoral congruence between the groups. Patelloplasty relieves pain, enhances patient satisfaction, and improves function better than traditional patellar management in TKA with patellar nonresurfacing.