Endothelialization of the coils used to occlude a persistent ductus arteriosus: an angiographic study

To assess the endothelialization of the coils used to close a persistent ductus arteriosus (PDA), the present study comprised a review of the follow-up aortograms and pulmonary angiograms in 25 patients who underwent coil occlusion. The minimal diameter and the length of the PDA were measured prior to the procedure, and the shortest distance between the aortic end of the deployed coil and the aortic end of the PDA was measured after coil deployment. Evidence of endothelial coverage of the coil was sought on follow-up angiograms performed 6-24 (15+/-5) months later and the factors that determined the thickness of the endothelial coverage on the aortic end were investigated. Separation of the coil and the contrast column were detected at the aortic end in all cases and at the pulmonary end in 18 of 25 cases. The thickness of the separation ranged from 0.4 to 1.3 (0.7+/-0.2) mm at the aortic end and 0.3 to 0.8 (0.6+/-0.2) mm at the pulmonary end. The length of the ductus and of the ampulla had a significant positive correlation with the thickness of the aortic end separation. Apparent endothelial coverage of the coil was completed by 6 months after coil occlusion. Infective endocarditis or thromboembolism is an unlikely complication once endothelium covers the implanted coil.     

A Floating Thrombus After Retrograde Gianturco Coil Embolization of a Patent Ductus Arteriosus in an Adult—Detection by Transesophageal Echocardiography

The occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) by Gianturco coils has been performed in a growing number of patients since its introduction at the beginning of this decade. The procedure is considered to be effective and safe. Yet embolization of the coil into the pulmonary artery system and residual shunting are typical complications. In some cases a coil loop may protrude into the aortic or pulmonary artery lumen and thus may result in flow disturbances. We report a case of thrombus formation on an intraaortic coil loop after retrograde embolization of a PDA in an adult.     

Early reopening and recanalization after successful coil occlusion of the patent ductus arteriosus

Background Controversy exists regarding early reopening and recanalization after successful (complete) coil occlusion of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Methods Patients with successful PDA coil occlusion were reviewed with regard to PDA size and type, coil size, number of coils, and delivery technique. Follow-up echocardiograms at <24 hours, 6 months, and >12 months were reviewed for residual PDA shunt, left pulmonary artery (LPA) stenosis, and aortic obstruction. Results Successful coil occlusion was achieved in 94 patients. On the initial (<24 hours) echocardiogram, 76 of 92 (83%) had complete PDA occlusion, 5 of 92 (5%) had mild LPA stenosis, and no patient had aortic obstruction. Follow-up at 6 months was available in 70 patients, 57 with complete occlusion on the initial echocardiogram. PDA reopening was found in 3 of 57 patients (5%). Larger PDA diameter was associated with residual shunt (2.40 ± 0.40 mm versus 1.87 ± 0.53 mm; P <.01). Disagreement between the initial and 6-month echocardiogram was found in 11 of 70 patients (16%). Intermediate follow-up (median, 30 months; range, 12 months to 5.3 years) was available in 46 patients, 38 with complete occlusion on the 6-month echocardiogram. No patient (0 of 38) with a normal echocardiogram at 6 months developed recanalization, LPA stenosis, or aortic obstruction. Conclusion These data suggest that: (1) routine echocardiography immediately after PDA coil occlusion is unnecessary; (2) early PDA reopening is uncommon; and (3) PDA recanalization does not occur if complete echocardiographic closure is documented 6 months after coil occlusion. Additional follow-up examination in these patients may not be necessary. (Am Heart J 2002;143:889-93.)     

Transarterial occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus with Gianturco coils in pediatric patients: a preliminary result in central Taiwan.

OBJECTIVE: We wish to present the preliminary result of transarterial occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with Gianturco coils in pediatric patients in central Taiwan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We attempted occlusion of PDA with Gianturco coils in a total of 26 consecutive patients, 13 infants and 13 children, 23 female and three male, between July 1 1997 to September 30 1998. Median patient age was 2.57 years (from 0.25 to 14.02 years old). Median patient weight was 10.8 kg (4.0 to 36.0 kg). Premature babies with PDA, full-term babies who were less than three months old and patients who had other congenital heart disease were not included in this study. All PDAs were approached transarterially from the femoral artery. Coils were selected to provide a helical diameter that was twice or more the minimum ductus diameter and a length approximating five loops. In five patients who had a PDA diameter > or =3.5 mm, we used a snare technique to assist coil delivery beforehand, and to test coil stability, or to retrieve coil that had migrated to the pulmonary artery afterwards. Physical auscultation, chest radiographs and echocardiography with color Doppler were done in all patients within 24 h, and one, two, three, six and 12 months after coil occlusion. RESULTS: The median ductus minimum diameter was 2.3 mm (range, 1.0 to 4.7 mm). Fifteen patients had the megaphone type (type A), four had the window type (type B), five had the tubular type (type C), one had the aneurysmal type (type D) and one had the elongated conical type (type E). Twenty-one patients underwent single coil occlusion and five had multiple coils occlusion. Twenty-one patients had immediate angiographic closure of the ductus and disappearance of heart murmur at 15 min after the procedure. Dark-brown urine (hemoglobinuria) was found in one patient, 10 h after the first procedure, due to a mild residual ductal shunt. Two more coils were implanted in a second procedure that was performed within 24 h, and the ductus was completely occluded. The dark-brown urine regressed. At one month follow-up, four patients had mild residual ductal shunts, which were completely occluded by one more coil in three patients and by two more coils in the other patient. Malpositioned coils were deployed in five patients immediately after the procedure. In total, the closure rate at 15 min, within 24 h, and at one, two, three, six and 12 months were 81, 85, 85, 100, 100, 100 and 100%, respectively. In one year of follow-up, there was no instance of coil migration, ductus reopening or stenosis of the left pulmonary artery. CONCLUSIONS: Transarterial occlusion of PDA, with a Gianturco coil having approximately five loops, can be effectively achieved in patients with a minimum ductus diameter up to 4.7 mm. In patients with a ductus of more than 3.5 mm, the snare-assisted technique was employed advantageously to control coil delivery with accuracy and stability. Coil malposition or migration can be easily retrieved using a 10-mm Nitnol snare catheter. Hemoglobinuria, due to intravascular hemolysis, may regress within 24 h after the second attempt at coil implantation.     

Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus and aorto‐pulmonary vessels using non‐ferromagnetic Inconel MReye embolization coils

Objectives . We report the use of non‐ferromagnetic embolization coils for transcatheter PDA closure. Background . Transcatheter patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure has been performed for 40 years. A number of devices have been used with varying degrees of success. Gianturco embolization coils have been used frequently since 1992 with excellent results. These coils are a stainless steel alloy, and create an artifact when subsequent MRI imaging is performed. Methods . Eight patients underwent right and left heart catheterization and transcatheter PDA closure. Angiography displayed a PDA with left to right shunting. The minimum PDA diameter was measured. An Inconel MReye coil was implanted using standard retrograde technique. A postimplant angiogram was performed. Evaluations were performed the following morning and after 2 months. Results . The median age was 5.5 years, median weight was 24 kg. The PDA minimum diameter was 1.7 mm (range 1.4–2.4 mm), with a median Qp:Qs=1.33:1. In all patients, the PDA was completely immediately closed using one Inconel coil. Two patients also had a small aorto‐pulmonary collateral vessel that was occluded using a separate Inconel coil. All patients had follow‐up evaluation the following day; the PDA remained completely occluded and there was no obstruction of the pulmonary artery branches or descending aorta. Seven patients had subsequent follow‐up and echocardiograms; the PDA remained completely occluded. There were no complications. Conclusion . The Inconel MReye coil is safe and effective for coil occlusion of small PDA and aorto‐pulmonary vessels. Additional studies are needed to define the maximum vessel diameter for Inconel coil occlusion. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Reopening After Successful Coil Occlusion for Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Objectives. This study was performed to determine the frequency of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) reopening and the factors that may predict reopening after successful coil occlusion.Background. Transcatheter coil occlusion is a widely used and accepted method to close a PDA. After documented successful coil occlusion, we found PDAs that reopened. We hypothesized that specific factors are involved in those that reopened.Methods. All patients who underwent percutaneous transarterial PDA coil occlusion were studied. Successful coil occlusion was documented. PDA reopening was determined when Doppler-echocardiography (DE) performed after the procedure was negative for PDA flow but at follow-up demonstrated PDA shunting. Patients with a reopened PDA were compared with all other patients in evaluating independent variables.Results. Coil occlusion for PDA was attempted in 22 patients. Clinical success was achieved in 20 patients (91%), and DE was negative for PDA shunting in 19 patients (90%). At follow-up, five patients demonstrated reopening. The PDA minimal diameter was 1.4 ± 0.5 mm (mean ± SD) for the reopened group and 1.2 ± 0.7 mm for the other patients. The PDA length was 2.9 ± 1.9 mm for the reopened group and 7.1 ± 3.2 mm for all other patients. All those with type B PDA were in the reopened group. When independent variables were compared between groups, only PDA length and type B PDA predicted reopening (p < 0.05).Conclusions. PDA reopening may occur after successful coil occlusion. Short PDA length and type B PDA are associated with reopening. The data suggest that in such anatomy, alternative strategies to the current coil occlusion technique should be considered.     

Long-term outcome comparison between rashkind umbrella and gianturco coils occlusion in native patent ductus arteriosus

Background: The Rashkind Umbrella device has proven effective in closing small to moderate size patent ductus arteriosus. A comparable early occlusion rate was also seen in PDA occlusion using Gianturco coils. This study addresses the long-term outcome of both techniques in a single centre. Methods: Review was undertaken of 522 patients with PDA who underwent transcatheter occlusion before January 1997; 244 patients (mean: age 8.0±6.7 years, weight 21.8±12.9 kg, PDA size 3.2±1.0 mm) were intended to receive the Rashkind Umbrella device and the remaining 278 patients (mean: age 6.4±5.6 years, weight 18.6±11.2 kg, PDA size 2.5±1.0 mm) would receive Gianturco coils. Deployment failure occurred in 8 patients (3%) and 6 (2%) during the initial learning curve of the Rashkind Umbrella and Gianturco coil, respectively. In the Rashkind Umbrella group, haemolysis occurred in 6, device embolisation in 3, and 1 patient died from anaesthetic sequelae. Peripheral pulmonary embolisation of coils occurred in 7 patients and all were successfully retrieved. Results: Results were analysed from 228 and 258 patients who had successful Rashkind Umbrella device and Gianturco coil deployment respectively. All had completed at least 1 year follow-up. They were evaluated clinically for residual ductal murmur and echocardiographically for a residual ductal shunt and presence of pulmonary artery or aortic obstruction. The Rashkind Umbrella group had significantly higher residual shunt compared to the Gianturco coil group at various stages of follow-up (p<0.05), 40% v 22% at 24 hours, 29% v 7% at 3 months, 25% v 4% at 6 months and 22% v 3% at 1 year. In 57 patients, a reocclusion procedure during the study period was undertaken to effect immediate complete occlusion. Mild left pulmonary artery stenosis (velocity<2 m/s) was noted in 6 patients who had multiple coils and one who had a 17 mm Rashkind Umbrella device. Conclusions: Transcatheter occlusion of PDA using the Gianturco coil is safer and more effective than the Rashkind Umbrella device. It has become the first choice for treating small to moderate size native PDA at our institution.     

Safety and efficacy of using 0.052-inch Gianturco coil for closure of large ( > or = 4mm) patent ductus arteriosus

Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is now a well-established treatment alternative to surgery in many cardiology centers. Of all the methods used, transcatheter coil occlusion is the preferred therapy. For small PDA, the method using 0.038" Gianturco coils has proven safe and effective. However, this therapeutic strategy has encountered some difficulties with large PDA. This study provides an alternative strategy, using 0.052" Gianturco coil and complete closure of residual shunt with multiple coils to close large PDA. Fifteen patients underwent transcatheter coil occlusion of large ( > or = 4mm) patent ductus arteriosus. The intermediate success rate was 86.7%. There were four complications and only two patients had to be referred for surgery.     

Five-loop coil occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus prevents recurrence of shunt at follow-up.

Recent reports suggest reopening of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) after complete occlusion with three-loop Gianturco coils. We hypothesize that five-loop coils may produce a larger thrombus than three-loop coils, which will result in no or less probability of recanalization of PDA during follow-up. This study is designed to test this hypothesis. Follow-up echocardiographic and Doppler data of 30 patients who underwent five-loop coil occlusion of small to medium-sized PDA during a 33-month period ending December 1998 were examined. Thirty patients had no residual shunt on echo Doppler study on the day following the procedure and were followed for 6 to 30 months (median, 12) after coil implantation. At the last follow-up study, none of the patients had a residual shunt and left atrial size decreased. Careful pulsed, continuous wave, and color Doppler interrogation of left/main pulmonary artery junction and proximal descending aorta did not reveal any evidence for obstruction. The follow-up data suggest that complete occlusion of small- to medium-sized PDAs is feasible with five-loop coils without evidence for recanalization at a mean follow-up of 12 months. Much longer (2 to 5 years) follow-up data may be necessary to confirm these observations. We speculate that a greater degree of thrombosis is produced within the ductus by the five-loop coils, which in turn may be responsible for lack of shunt recurrence. We recommend use of five-loop instead of three-loop coils for transcatheter occlusion of small- to medium-sized PDAs.     

Advantages and disadvantages of coils for transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus

Different coils have been used to close the patient ductus arteriosus (PDA). In small- and moderate-sized PDA, coils are an adequate alternative to surgery and/or to other devices. The aim of the study is to review and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using coils (excluding PFM coils PFM Medical, Germany) to close PDA. Cambier was the first to successfully close a PDA using a Gianturco coil. To date, thousands of patients worldwide have undergone transcatheter closure of PDA using this or other types of coils. The use of coils is analyzed with regard to costs in comparison with other therapeutic modalities; techniques--anterograde, retrograde approach, selection of coil size--in relation to the size of the PDA and the available sizes of coils; efficacy of the rate of complete occlusion and the need for reocclusion; and safety in relation to embolization rate, other complications including hemolysis, left pulmonary artery LPA stenosis and coarctation. It is concluded that coils are a cheap alternative for the occlusion of PDA in the small-to-moderate PDA. The technique can be learned quite quickly, it has a high rate of complete occlusion, and has an acceptable rate of safety. The disadvantages include a moderate rate of coil embolization and of hemolysis in patients with residual shunt after coil occlusion in large PDAs. When more than one coil is used, the potential for developing LPA stenosis is high.     

Snare-assisted transcatheter coil occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus

Transcatheter occlusion of a small or moderate patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) using Gianturco coils is safe and effective. Several investigators have reported using different techniques with variable results. To eliminate the serious potential complications of inadvertent coil embolization to undesirable sites and to improve control of the coil throughout the procedure, a modified snare-assisted method with approach from the main pulmonary artery was developed. However, articles discussing this technique are still limited. Herein, we report our successful experience of the snare-assisted technique to occlude small or moderate PDAs in three children aged from 1 to 8 years old. We achieved immediate total occlusion in all three cases with no complications. All three patients were discharged the next day and there was no coil dislodgement, left pulmonary stenosis, or residual shunting during the follow-up period of up to 3 years. This technique had the advantages of safety, optimal positioning, and improved stability of coil implantation.     

Coil occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus.

BACKGROUND: Coils are the only devices available for transcatheter occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in Japan. Since April 1999, we have introduced a 0.052-inch Gianturco coil (0.052-inch coil) to close PDA >or=2.5 mm. METHODS AND RESULTS: A retrospective survey of the outcome of coil occlusions for PDA >or=2.5 mm before and after the 0.052-inch coil became available found that (1) the frequency of PDA >or=2.5 mm among all candidates for coil occlusion significantly increased after the availability of a 0.052-inch coil (p<0.01); (2) deployment complicated by migration (p<0.01), and prolonged procedure time (p<0.05) were significantly decreased after the introduction of the 0.052-inch coil. In a multivariate logistic regression model for uneventful deployment adjusted for age, pulmonary to systemic flow ratio, and use of a 0.052-inch coil, use of the 0.052-inch coil significantly decreased eventful deployment (p<0.05); and (3) successful deployment of a coil for PDA >or=4 mm significantly increased with the 0.052-inch coil (p<0.01). Complete occlusion was achieved once deployment was successful. CONCLUSION: Introduction of the 0.052-inch coil decreased complicated coil occlusion deployment for PDA >or=2.5 mm, and contributed to a better likelihood of coil occlusion for PDA >or=4 mm.     

The snare-assisted technique for transcatheter coil occlusion of moderate to large patent ductus arteriosus: immediate and intermediate results.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of using a snare-assisted technique to coil occlude the moderate to large size patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). BACKGROUND: Transcatheter occlusion of small PDAs using Gianturco coils is safe and effective. However, in larger size PDAs and/or those with short PDA length, the procedure still carries risks of coil embolization, incomplete occlusion and failure to implant the coil. METHODS: From January 1994 to June 1997, the records of 104 consecutive snare-assisted coil occlusions of moderate to large PDAs (minimum diameter >2.0 mm) were reviewed. Immediate and intermediate outcomes including complete and partial occlusion, failure to implant and complications were analyzed with respect to ductal type and size. RESULTS: Patient age ranged from 0.1 to 70.1 years (median 3.3 years). Minimum PDA diameter ranged from 2.1 to 6.8 mm (mean 3.0 +/- 0.9 mm). Angiographic types were A-62, B-13, C-6, D-14 and E-9. Using the snare-assisted technique, coil placement was successful in 104/104 patients (100%), irrespective of size or angiographic type. Immediate complete closure was observed in 73/104 (70.2%) and was related to smaller PDA size, but not to angiographic type. Complete closure was documented in 102/104 (98.1%) at 2- to 16-month follow-up. Successful closure was unrelated to PDA size or type. Coil embolization to the pulmonary artery occurred in 3/104 (2.9%) patients and was not related to PDA size or type. The need for multiple coils was found in 28/104 patients (26.9%), and was related to larger PDA size, but not to angiographic type. CONCLUSIONS: The snare-assisted delivery technique allows successful occlusion of moderate to large PDAs up to 6.8 mm, irrespective of angiographic type. This technique permits improved control and accuracy of coil placement, and facilitates delivery of multiple coils.     

Transcatheter closure of the patent ductus arteriosus in adults using the gianturco coil

Background and hypothesis: Although results of surgical ligation of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in the pediatric age group are excellent, surgical management of the adult with a PDA may be more problematic. The PDA that presents in adulthood may be calcified and friable, rendering simple ligation via a thoracotomy difficult, inadequate, and hazardous. Patch closure of the ductus arteriosus from either the aortic or pulmonary artery orifice using cardiopulmonary bypass or transient aortic cross-clamping is necessary but increases surgical risks. Furthermore, older patients with diseases unrelated to their PDA and patients with Down's syndrome may have higher risks with intubation, general anesthesia, and surgery. Early results of percutaneous transcatheter occlusion of the PDA with Gianturco coils performed under sedation and local anesthesia are promising. Methods: Six adults with mean age of 39.1 years (range 23.1–62.0 years) were found to have an isolated PDA with mean minimum diameter of 2.7 mm (range 1.0–5.0 mm) at cardiac catheterization. All underwent percutaneous transcatheter occulsion of the PDA using Gianturco coils. Results: Coil implantation was successful in all patients. There were no complications and all were discharged home within 24 hours. Complete ductal occlusion was seen immediately in 4 of 6 patients (67%) while 2 of 6 (33%) had small residual leaks. However, complete occlusion was achieved in all patients by 6 months following the procedure. Conclusion: Transcatheter occlusion of the PDA using coils is safe and efficacious in adults.     

Bioptome-assisted simultaneous delivery of multiple coils for occlusion of the large patent ductus arteriosus.

We describe a novel method that allows bioptome-assisted delivery of multiple Gianturco coils simultaneously for occlusion of the large patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Two or more coils were intertwined at one end and held by a bioptome (5.2 Fr) and pulled into a short introducer. The coils were then deployed in the PDA via a long sheath (7-11 Fr) previously placed across the duct via the femoral vein. Twelve patients (6 months to 64 years; median, 10.5 years) with large PDAs (4.7 +/- 1.3 mm; range, 3.1-8.4 mm; PA mean pressure, 40 +/- 17 mm Hg; pulse pressure 63 +/- 18 mm Hg) underwent bioptome-assisted occlusion with multiple coils at our institutions. The procedure was uneventful in nine patients (fluoroscopy time, 6-23 min) and prolonged in three patients (fluoroscopy time, 26, 72, and 120 min) because of dislodgment of the coil mass and embolization of an additional coil. Successful coil deployment was feasible in all patients. Three patients required repeat coil deployment for flow elimination (hemolysis occurred in two). Flow elimination was demonstrated on the last follow-up evaluation in all except two patients. One infant has developed significant left pulmonary artery stenosis. Bioptome-assisted PDA occlusion using multiple coils delivered simultaneously may be a promising alternative to devices for transcatheter closure of large PDAs. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;54:95-100.     

Angiographic and hemodynamic predictors for successful outcome of transcatheter occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus in infants less than 8 kilograms.

Transcatheter occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) using Gianturco coils (GCs) has been performed for the past decade. However, little has been written regarding anatomical and hemodynamic predictors for successful occlusion of the PDA in infants. This report is to evaluate the outcome of transcatheter occlusion of PDA in symptomatic infants less than 8 kg and to assess predictors of successful occlusion. Retrospective review of catheterization charts and cineangiograms of 42 symptomatic infants who underwent cardiac catheterization for attempted transcatheter occlusion of their PDA was conducted. The hemodynamic and angiographic data evaluated included the length/diameter (L/D) ratio, defined as the length divided by the narrowest diameter of the ductus arteriosus, and preocclusion pulmonary artery pressures. Thirty-one out of 42 patients (74%) had successful occlusion. Twenty-nine out of 42 infants had an L/D ratio > 3. Of these, 26 (90%) had successful occlusion of their PDA. Thirteen out of 42 patients had an L/D ratio < or = 3. Of these, 8 (62%) had unsuccessful occlusion. Complications encountered were transient loss of femoral arterial pulse (n = 6), coil embolization (n = 5), hemolysis (n = 2), and mild left pulmonary artery obstruction (n = 2). No permanent loss of femoral arterial pulse was noted. These complications resulted in no mortality and minimal morbidity. The L/D ratio was the strongest predictor of successful outcome, with an L/D ratio greater than 3.0 being more amenable to transcatheter occlusion (odds ratio of 4.6). Other predictors for success included lower preocclusion systolic, diastolic, and mean pulmonary artery pressure and smaller ductal diameter. Our conclusion was that infants less than 8 kg with an L/D ratio > 3.0 can safely and successfully undergo transcatheter occlusion of their PDA using transcatheter coils.     

Late coil migration due to thrombolysis after successful implantation of a coil for persistent ductus arteriosus.

Transcatheter coil occlusion of persistent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is now a widely accepted treatment for PDA. However, late complication might occur due to thrombolytic treatment during the interventional period. We discuss a case with late coil migration due to thrombolysis after successful implantation of a coil. It should be emphasized that early thrombus formation is important for successful closure of PDA shunt using coil.     

Percutaneous transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus: Initial experience of Sohag University

ObjectivesInitial experience with transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) using different types of devices is reported in Sohag University Hospital. We evaluated the outcome, complications, and also assessed the need of surgical backup for such interventional procedures.MethodsFrom March 2011 to September 2012, 51 patients who underwent transcatheter closure of PDA, were retrospectively identified and studied. Aortic angiogram was performed to evaluate the size, position, and shape of the duct for appropriately choosing the occluder device type and size. A second aortic angiogram was performed 10 min after device deployment. Echocardiography was repeated at intervals of 24 h, then at 1, 3, and 6 months after the procedure to assess complications. The PDA was closed by Amplatzer Duct Occluder (ADO) in 40 patients, Nit occlude PFM coil in five patients, Amplatzer muscular VSD in two patients and Detachable Cook coil in four patients .ResultsOf 51 cases, one patient had left pulmonary artery embolization of ADO that required surgical intervention. The PDA was successfully closed in 98.04% of the study population without any residual PDA shunting. All the patients were alive. Infants made up 29% of the total patients. 45 patients were children and six patients were adults.ConclusionOur initial results show that transcatheter occlusion of PDA using different types of devices is safe and effective with good midterm outcome alternative to surgery. Complications occurred in those with unfavorable duct anatomy and presence of pulmonary hypertension. Surgical backup was not important for such interventional procedures.     

Double-Helix Coil for Occlusion of Large Patent Ductus Arteriosus: Evaluation in a Chronic Lamb Model

Objectives. We sought to evaluate the efficacy and tissue reaction of a new miniature interventional device for occlusion of large patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in a neonatal lamb model.Background. A variety of devices are used to close PDAs by interventional measures. Spring coils found to have a high cumulative occlusion rate have thus far been limited to smaller PDAs because of the physical limitation of grip forces.Methods. Memory-shaped double-cone stainless steel coils with enhanced stiffness of the outer rings by a double-helix configuration were mounted on a titanium/nickel core wire. A snap-in mechanism attaches the coil to the delivery wire, allowing intravascular coil retrieval and repositioning. The system was placed through a 4F or 5F Teflon catheter. A chronic lamb model (n = 8) of PDA (>5 mm) was used in which ductus patency was secured by a protocol of repetitive angioplasty procedures. The animals were killed after 1 to 181 days, and the ductal region was examined by inspection as well as by light and electron microscopy.Results. Placement of the coils within the PDA was possible in all lambs. Before final detachment, the coils were retrieved or repositioned, or both, up to 12 times. In all but one animal the ductus was closed within 6 days after the procedure. The coils caused no infections or aortic and pulmonary artery obstruction. Histologic and electron microscopic studies revealed endothelial coverage of the implants but no foreign body reaction or local or systemic inflammation or erosion of the implant.Conclusions. The device effectively closed large PDAs in our model and may overcome the previous limitations of coils. Clinical trials are indicated.     

Changes in coil morphology following transcatheter coil occlusion of the patent ductus arteriosus using a modified snare technique.

We observed a decrease in length of the Gianturco coils following transcatheter occlusion of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Coil length was measured on chest radiograph within 24 hr of coil placement and compared to the length at the time of follow-up. Echocardiograms were also reviewed for evidence of duct recanalization. Twenty-seven patients met inclusion criteria. The median time to follow-up was 5 months (1--12 months). Twenty-four out of 27 (89%) patients had a decrease in coil length by 1.9 +/- 1.1 mm (P < 0.01). This was an average decrease of 16%. One patient had an increase in length and two patients had no change in coil length. Nineteen out of 27 patients had echocardiograms. Despite the change in coil length, there was no evidence of flow acceleration in the pulmonary artery or descending aorta. No patients had evidence of duct recanalization.