经尿道前列腺剜除加膀胱小切口治疗高龄大体积前列腺增生合并膀胱结石

目的 总结评价经尿道前列腺剜除后经膀胱卵圆钳取出治疗高危、大体积前列腺增生合并膀胱结石的临床疗效.方法 本组60例75岁以上大体积前列腺增生合并膀胱结石患者,均行经尿道前列腺剜除术后,卵圆钳经膀胱腺体及结石一期取出,回顾性分析其临床资料及随访情况.结果 患者年龄83.5±9.2(75 ～95)岁.经直肠B超测量前列腺大小为120.8±52.1(76 ～320)mL;合并膀胱结石长径3.47±1.2(1.7 ～6.0)cm;最大尿流率(5.4±2.1) ml/s、国际前列腺症状评分(30.7±4.2)分.60例手术均顺利完成,无中转开放术,无术中输血者;无闭孔神经反射、经尿道电切综合征(TURS)及死亡病例;手术时间50.9±15.3(40～85)min;术中出血30.3±10.5(20-100)mL.术后3个月复查尿流率、国际前列腺症状评分、生活质量评分均较术前明显改善;无尿失禁、迟发出血、尿道狭窄等发生.结论 经尿道前列腺剜除后经膀胱卵圆钳取出术治疗高龄大体积前列腺增生合并膀胱结石安全可行、效果肯定.     

经尿道前列腺电切术与经尿道前列腺剜除加腹部小切口术治疗大体积前列腺增生的疗效比较

目的 探讨经尿道前列腺剜除加腹部小切口腺体取出来治疗大体积前列腺增生是否存在优势.方法 选取体积大于80ml前列腺增生患者160例,随机分成A、B两组,每组80例,A组行经尿道前列腺剜除加腹部小切口腺体取出术.B组行经尿道前列腺电切术.分别比较二组手术时间、出血量、并发症发生情况和术后排尿情况. 结果 A组与B组的手术时间分别为58±16 min、135±17min,出血量为89±23nl,189±21.5ml.A组无一例发生前列腺电切综合征(TURS);B组4例出现程度不等TURS,上述项目经统计学处理,两组差异有显著意义(P＜0.05).结论 经尿道腔内剜除加下腹小切口腺体取出术结合了微创及开放手术的优势,在不明显增加创伤情况下,缩短了手术时间,减少术中出血和腺体残留,是治疗大体积前列腺增生的实用方法,有较好的临床推广意义的.     

前列腺电切加膀胱颈内切开治疗小前列腺增生

目的 探讨小体积良性前列腺增生治疗方法的选择。方法 回顾性分析45例小体积良性前列腺增生患者经尿道前列腺电切加膀胱颈内切开术治疗的临床资料。结果 术前IPSS评分23.3±4.8,Qmax(8.1±2.8)ml/s。术后IPSS6.9±3.5,Qmax(19.5±4.6)ml/s,无电切综合症发生。结论 小体积良性前列腺增生患者单纯TURP术、经尿道前列腺切开术或开放手术,术后膀胱颈挛缩发生率高,TURP加膀胱颈内切开是理想的选择。     

经尿道前列腺电切剜除术治疗大体积前列腺增生的疗效及优势评估

目的探讨经尿道前列腺电切剜除术治疗大体积前列腺增生(前列腺体积100ml)的临床疗效。方法将2017年1月至2018年1月纳入的200例大体积前列腺增生患者资料进行回顾性对比研究;根据治疗方法的不同将对象分为实验组和对照组,每组100例;观察组采用经尿道前列腺电切剜除术(TUERP),对照组采用耻骨上前列腺切除术,比较两组的治疗效果。结果 200例手术均取得成功,两组均未出现膀胱穿孔等严重并发症;并发症率比较观察组低于对照组(P0.05);观察组手术时间(82.1±15.5)分钟,对照组手术时间(70.5±10.7)分钟,两数据比较有统计学意义(t=6.159,P=0.000);观察组前列腺期切除重量(90.9±16.8)g,对照组前列腺切除重量(100.5±20.6)g,两数据比较有统计学意义(t=3.611,P=0.000);观察组住院时间(8.5±0.8)天,对照组住院时间(10.1±1.3)天,两数据比较有统计学意义(t=10.482,P=0.000);两组术后IPSS(前列腺症状评分)、QOLS(生活质量评分)及残余尿量(Postvoid residual urinne,PVR)比较均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论经尿道前列腺电切剜除术与开放手术治疗大体积前列腺增生均能取得满意的疗效,但经前者具有失血量少、术后恢复快的优势。     

经尿道前列腺剜除联合经膀胱前列腺旋切治疗大体积前列腺增生的效果

目的 分析经尿道前列腺剜除联合经膀胱前列腺旋切治疗大体积前列腺增生的效果。方法 选取我院于2015年1月至2018年1月间收治的110例大体积前列腺增生(100 ml)患者,根据手术方式的不同分为观察组和对照组,两组年龄、病程、前列腺体积等基线资料差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。其中观察组采用前列腺剜除联合经膀胱前列腺旋切手术治疗,对照组采用前列腺电切手术治疗,比较两组围手术期一般情况及术中、术后并发症情况,并比较拔管后24 h、术后1周、术后2周尿失禁发生率。结果 与对照组相比,观察组患者术中失血[(61±26)ml vs(90±33)ml]、手术时间[(63±16)min vs(80±20)min]、导尿管留置时间[(36±7)h vs(80±10)h]、术后膀胱冲洗时间[(13±3)h vs(23±3)h]明显减少,组织获取量[(59±9)g vs(46±7)g]增加,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组术中、术后并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05),拔除尿管后24 h、术后1周、术后2周两组尿失禁发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 经尿道前列腺剜除术联合经膀胱前列腺旋切治疗大体积前列腺增手术时间短,术中出血少,术中、术后并发症少,安全可行。     

等离子前列腺剜除联合经膀胱前列腺旋切治疗大体积前列腺增生

目的探讨经尿道等离子前列腺剜除术联合耻骨上经膀胱前列腺旋切治疗大体积前列腺增生的疗效及安全性。方法 2015年6~12月收治前列腺体积100 ml的良性前列腺增生28例,前列腺体积(112.6±9.8)ml,行等离子前列腺剜除,将腺体推入膀胱,扩大膀胱造瘘口,置入10 mm trocar,将10 mm妇科腹腔镜子宫肌瘤旋切器置入膀胱,以前列腺电切镜作为观察镜,用大抓钳钳夹旋切腺体并自trocar取出。结果 28例手术时间(85.8±26.5)min,其中前列腺剜除手术时间(38.3±11.3)min,旋切取出的手术时间(47.5±20.2)min。2例超声提示较多冲洗液外渗至耻骨后间隙,未予特殊处理。拔除尿管后2例暂时性压力性尿失禁,均在4周内恢复。术后随访3~6个月,无尿道狭窄,术后3个月IPSS评分(13.5±3.6)分。结论经尿道等离子前列腺剜除术联合耻骨上经膀胱前列腺旋切治疗大体积前列腺增生安全可行。     

经尿道等离子体电切加剜除术治疗BPH(附230例报告)

目的:探讨经尿道等离子体双极电切(TUPKVP)加剜除术治疗BPH的安全性和疗效.方法:回顾性分析经尿道等离子体双极电切加剜除术治疗BPH 230例临床资料.结果:手术操作45～150 min,术中平均失血(1004±20)ml.切除前列腺重量约12～90 g,平均(30±9)g.无经尿道前列腺电切综合征发生.23例(10%)术后膀胱痉挛;2例(0.8%)继发术后出血再次电凝止血.随访2～24个月,IPSS评分平均降至5分.无剩余尿.结论:经尿道等离子体前列腺电切术加剜除术具有安全性高、出血少,手术时间短、并发症少、疗效确切等优点.     

腔内整体剜除加耻骨上穿刺气膀胱下旋切在大体积前列腺增生治疗中的应用

目的:探讨经尿道腔内整体剜除加耻骨上穿刺气膀胱下旋切治疗大体积BPH的可行性、有效性和实用性。方法:应用尿道腔内整体剜除加耻骨上穿刺气膀胱下旋切治疗大体积BPH 26例,年龄62～85岁,前列腺体积80～165 ml。术中先用等离子电切环及镜鞘沿前列腺包膜剥离增生腺体,完整剜除后推入膀胱,前列腺窝彻底止血。耻骨上穿刺膀胱,插入旋切器,连接气腹机,在气膀胱下钳夹剜除的腺体,旋切成条状标本取出。结果:所有患者均顺利完成手术。手术时间32～54 min,平均41 min,术中出血量均少于60 ml。1例术后2 d内轻度水外渗,2例有轻微膀胱刺激征,术后2～4 d拔除膀胱造瘘管,6～9 d拔除导尿管。2例暂时性尿失禁,3～20 d后消失;23例获2～8个月随访。8例有射精史患者,均逆行射精,无尿道狭窄和其他并发症。手术前后国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)[(26.2±2.4)分vs(6.5±2.2)分]、生活质量评分(QOL)[(4.6±1.2)分vs(1.4±0.9)分]、最大尿流率(Qmax)[(5.8±1.0)ml/s vs(19.6±2.8)ml/s]比较差异均有统计学意义(P均﹤0.01)。结论:经尿道腔内整体剜除加膀胱穿刺旋切治疗大体积BPH可行,可缩短手术时间,安全而有效。     

经尿道前列腺腔内剜除法电切术治疗Ⅳ度良性前列腺增生安全性及疗效的研究

目的 研究经尿道前列腺腔内剜除法电切术(TUERP)治疗Ⅳ度良性前列腺增生(BPH)的安全性及疗效.方法 对35例Ⅳ度良性前列腺增生行TUERP,观察生命征、术野清晰度、手术时间、术后血红蛋白及血电解质、膀胱刺激征、继发出血、冲洗液转清时间,评价其手术安全性.随访术后排尿情况,3个月后评估国际前列腺症状评分(I-PSS)、生活质量评分(QOL),测定最大尿流率(Qmax),评价其疗效.结果 35例手术均顺利,生命征平稳,术野清晰,手术时间平均(102.3±25.6)min,血红蛋白无明显减少,电解质基本正常,无电切综合征发生.术后膀胱刺激征7例,继发性出血1例,冲洗液转清时间平均(28.5±9.7)h.术后排尿均通畅,压力性尿失禁5例,保守治疗后治愈.术后3个月I-PSS(5.6±1.8)分,QOL(1.1±0.9)分,Qmax(21.3±4.8)ml/s.无尿道狭窄、膀胱颈部挛缩发生.结论 TUERP是对经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)的改进,本法结合了TURP和开放性手术的优点,用于治疗Ⅳ度BPH手术安全,疗效满意.     

小体积前列腺增生致膀胱出口梗阻电切疗效观察

目的探讨小体积前列腺增生所致膀胱出口梗阻的电切疗效。方法回顾分析19例小体积前列腺增生,行经尿道电切术(TURP)和膀胱颈纤维环切开术(TUIBN)临床资料。结果术后随访,患者IPSS评分及最大尿流率(MFR)均有明显改善,无出血、尿失禁及后尿道狭窄等并发症发生。结论小体积前列腺增生开放手术较难剥离,行经尿道前列腺电切和膀胱颈纤维环切开术是治疗小体积前列腺增生所致膀胱出口梗阻的较理想的术式。     

Hazards and complications of endoscopic transurethral ureterolithotripsy and lithoextraction and means of prevention

Complications related to ureterolithotomy and ultrasonic ureterolithotripsy performed under the control of visual endoscope were analyzed in 86 ureterolithiasis patients, methods of their prevention discussed. All the aforementioned complications were distributed into three groups: inapplicability of surgery due to anatomic and functional defects of lower and upper urinary tracts, intraoperative, and postoperative complications. The commonest ones were ureteral abruption and perforation, acute pyelonephritis, temporary vesicoureteral reflux. Their control measures were considered as relative methods of treatment: immediate surgical intervention in case of ureteral abruption, renal catheterization in patients with insignificant ureteral perforation or acute pyelonephritis. Adequate ureteroscopy, careful consideration of pro- and contraindications, catheterization of renal pelvis and urinary bladder performed within 2-3 days after the surgery and adequate antibacterial therapy are the most decisive steps in the control of aforementioned complications.     

牙体牙弓颌骨阻力中心及其临床意义

牙体、牙弓及颌骨的阻力中心在正畸矫治力系统中具有重要的意义,也是正畸学领域争论较多的一个问题。Dermaut等研究表明,当力作用于物体阻力中心时,物体将发生平动,否则将发生平动和转动的复合运动。目前,国内外多数学者认为牙体、牙弓及颌骨存在阻力中心,但其位置存在争议。本文就牙体、牙弓及颌骨的阻力中心及其临床意义作一综述。     

Characterisation and differentiation of chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfibromas - presence and expression of collagen types I and II

AIM: Chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfiibromas are rare benign skeletal neoplasms with reported overlapping histology. Aim of this study was to analyse the biochemical composition of the matrix of these tumour entities in order to further characterise the cellular phenotypes of these neoplasms using typical cell biological marker genes. METHODS: The matrix compositions of chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfibromas were analyzed by HE-histology, histochemistry, and immunolocalization techniques. Cellular gene expression patterns were detected by mRNA in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Chondroblastomas are rich in collagen type I and show foci of an osteoid-like matrix, whereas collagen type II as a typical marker of chondrocytic differentiation was not detected in any of the specimens. Chondromyxoidfiibromas had foci of chondroid appearance with chondroblastic cellular differentiation characterised by collagen type II expression. CONCLUSION: These results characterise chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfiibromas as skeletal neoplasms that have a different biology and which can be distinguished by matrix protein expression products: collagen type II, the typical marker of chondroblast differentiation, could only be detected in chondromyxoidfibromas, but not in chondroblastomas. Thus, both neoplasms are clearly different on the cell biological level.     

Histochemical and contractile properties of striated muscles of urethra and levator ani of dogs and sheep

AIMS: To understand their possible importance in long- and short-term control of continence, some properties of the striated muscles of the urethra and pelvic floor (levator ani) of dogs and sheep were investigated, especially fiber types and contractile characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Striated muscles of urethra and levator ani of 29 male and 6 female dogs and 11 male and 6 female sheep were removed and cut into strips. Some strips were frozen and stained for ATPase at pH 9.4 and 4.3 for fiber typing; others were set up in an organ bath to study contractile responses to nerve stimulation. RESULTS: All muscles contained both type I (slow) and type II fibers, ranging from 97% type II in female greyhound urethra to 60% in female sheep levator ani. For each muscle, there were fewer type II muscles in sheep than in dog. The diameters of the urethral fibers were about 60% of the levator ani in dogs and 34% in sheep. Contraction of the urethral muscle was faster than for levator ani and declined to about 80% of the peak, 500 msec after the beginning of stimulation at 20 Hz. The levator ani contraction rose to a steady level as long as stimulation continued. CONCLUSIONS: Both the levator ani and urethral striated muscles contain slow and fast fiber types. The levator ani muscles are capable of sustained contraction with rapid onset which will produce long-term closure of the urethra. The circular urethral muscle contraction was faster but less well maintained.     

Incorporation and release of85Sr and14C-proline-hydroxyproline in mineral and collagen of bone and incisor teeth of growing rats

The extent to which exchange and reutilization processes of mineral tracers affect skeletal mineral accretion and resorption measurements was evaluated by comparing the rates of appearance and disappearance of⁸⁵Sr and¹⁴C-proline-hydroxyproline in bones and teeth in growing rats for 12 days following simultaneous parenteral injection of these tracers. Expressions for the relative rates of collagen synthesis and breakdown, which unlike mineral metabolism are considered not to be complicated by exchange phenomena, were based on¹⁴C-proline conversion to¹⁴C-hydroxyproline; the specific activity of the latter was determined. Both the mineral and the collagen specific activities reflected the rates and patterns of growth of the samples assayed; rapid growth and a short interval of time between formation and resorption of tissue in themetaphyseal bone which contains the cartilagineous growth plate, slow growth and an interval of time between formation and resorption of tissue indiaphyseal bone and incisor teeth which is longer than the 12 days of the experiment. However, in metaphyseal bone the specific activity collagen/mineral ratio dropped by one half during the 4–12 day interval in contrast to diaphyseal bone and incisor teeth in which no change in this ratio was observed during this period of time. The data indicate that collagen in the metaphyseal growth zone is removed by resorption before it has become fully mineralized, and that exchange is a relatively unimportant factor in the long term kinetics of bone mineral.

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Zusammenfassung Das Ausmaß, bis zu welchem Austausch- und Wiederverwendungsprozesse der mineralen Tracer die Messungen des mineralen Skelett-Auf- und Abbaues beeinflussen können, wurde ausgewertet; zu diesem Zweck wurde die Geschwindigkeit des Auftretens und Verschwindens von⁸⁵Sr und von¹⁴C-Prolin-Hydroxyprolin in Knochen und Zähnen von wachsenden Ratten während der 12 auf die simultane parenterale Injektion dieser Tracer folgenden Tage verglichen.Der Ausdruck für die relative Geschwindigkeit des Kollagen-Auf- und Abbaues, bei welchem im Gegensatz zum Mineralmetabolismus kein Mitwirken des Austauschphänomens vermutet wird, basiert auf der Umwandlung von¹⁴C-Prolin zu¹⁴C-Hydroxyprolin; die spezifische Aktivität des letzteren wurde bestimmt.Aus der spezifischen Aktivität des Minerals sowie jener des Kollagens konnten die Geschwindigkeit und die Art des Wachstums der untersuchten Proben ersehen werden, d.h.schnelles Wachstum und ein kurzes Zeitintervall zwischen Bildung und Resorption des Gewebes imKnochen der Metaphyse, die auch die knorpelige Wachstumsplatte enthält, und andererseitslangsames Wachstum und längeres Zeitintervall (länger als die 12 Tage des Experimentes) zwischen Bildung und Resorption des Gewebes imKnochen der Diaphyse und in den Schneidezähnen. Immerhin fiel die spezifische Aktivität des Kollagen/Mineral-Anteils im Knochen der Metaphyse während dem 4–12tägigen Zeitintervall auf die Hälfte, im Gegensatz zum Knochen der Diaphyse und der Schneidezähne, bei welchen während dieser Zeitspanne kein Unterschied in diesem Verhältnis beobachtet wurde.Diese Ergebnisse zeigen, daß Kollagen in der Wachstumszone der Metaphyse durch Resorption verschwindet, bevor es ganz mineralisiert ist, und daß der Austausch ein relativ unwichtiger Faktor in der Kinetik auf lange Sicht des Knochenminerals ist.