昂丹司琼鼻腔给药体外释放及体内相关性研究

目的 建立具有体内外相关性的鼻腔用昂丹司琼乳膏剂释放度测定方法.方法 采用透皮吸收测定昂丹司琼乳膏剂的体外释放度,考察鸡蛋皮内膜、鱼鳔、人造膜等不同膜及转速对释放度的影响.采用高效液相色谱法测定SD大鼠鼻腔给药后的血药浓度,通过Wagner-Nelson方程计算体内吸收速度.结果 不同透过膜对昂丹司琼乳膏剂的释放度影响...     

放射性标记脂质体在诊断显像中应用的技术和生物学问题

脂质体是由一个或多个脂质双层膜组成的人造生物降解微囊,它是转运选择性药物和控制药物释放的适当载体.在诊断显像中,它被用来携带放射性示踪剂、不透射线剂、顺磁化合物或作为声反射剂.本文介绍了脂质体的放射性标记及其在正常和异常组织中的生物学分布.     

微乳在药剂学上的应用

目的：综述近年来以微乳为载体的制剂在药剂学上的应用。方法：查阅近几年国内外有关的主要献资料分析评述。结果：根据药物的不同性质,分别制成水包油型和油包水型微乳,主要应用于注射、口服及透皮给药。结论：药物以微乳为载体,可以提高药物的溶解度,增加吸收,提高生物利用度。     

不同透皮吸收促进剂对扑热息痛体外经皮透过性影响的实验研究

 目的 研究透皮吸收促进剂对扑热息痛体外经皮渗透的影响.方法 采用Franz扩散池,用离体大鼠皮肤进行尿素、薄荷油、氮酮及油酸4种透皮吸收促进剂对扑热息痛体外经皮透过性影响的研究.结果 应用尿素、薄荷油、氮酮及油酸4种透皮吸收促进剂,药物的稳态流量与对照组比较均有提高 ,透过倍数分别为1.61、3.52、4.53 及14.89;药物的扩散系数分别提高1.21、1.31、 1.09及16.03倍,而尿素、薄荷油、氮酮的分配系数分别为1.33、2.69及4.16,油酸的分配系数略有下降.结论 4种透皮吸收促进剂中促透作用最强的为油酸,其机制主要为改变角质层的通透性,减低了药物经皮肤透过的阻力,提高了药物在皮肤角质层的扩散系数.     

利拉萘酯乳膏离体透皮速率评价

目的 研究利拉萘酯乳膏对小鼠皮肤和人体皮肤的渗透性.方法 采用符合美国药典标准的汉森全自动体外释放仪,研究药物在不同释放液中对人体皮肤和小鼠皮肤的透皮吸收作用,并通过乳膏透皮吸收残余量测定,验证实验结果.结果 实验结果显示,利拉萘酯对人体皮肤的透过作用大于鼠皮;其对人体离体皮肤最大渗透量占总给药量的0.014%,稳态流量J为0.148μg/cm2·h;乳膏释放8h后残余药量测定结果显示,有＞82%的药物滞留于皮肤表面.结论 利拉萘酯乳膏不易透过人体皮肤屏障,给药后绝大部分药物滞留于皮肤表面靶组织,利于其发挥局部治疗作用.     

药物经皮离子导入与皮肤电化学的研究进展

目的 综述药物经皮离子导人和人皮肤电化学的研究进展。方法 从药物经皮离子电导人所需条件、特点、技术原理、透皮途径和影响药物离子电导人的因素进行论述。结果 药物经皮离子电导人较药物被动经皮吸收有明显的优点，但需解决和研究的问题也很多。结论 药物经皮离子导人技术安全、有效，适用于局部和全身性给药治疗。     

戊二醛对长春新碱载体红细胞生物学特性的影响

目的 探讨控制长春新碱(VCR)载体红细胞体外药物释放,增强载体红细胞稳定性的方法和条件.方法 采用改良的低渗预膨胀-等渗重封闭法制备VCR载体红细胞,分别用0.16%和0.25%戊二醛溶液进行处理,同时将载体红细胞悬液与药量PBS混匀作为对照组.通过4℃保存定时提取上清液,以高效液相色谱法测定VCR含量,比较不同处理方式对VCR载体红细胞载药释放的影响,通过观察上清液可见溶血和细胞渗透脆性检测,比较各种方式处理后VCR载体红细胞的贮存稳定性和渗透脆性,并观察处理后VCR载体红细胞的形态变化.结果 各组VCR载体红细胞的载药累积释放均随时间延长而逐渐增大.与对照组相比,.25%戊二醛溶液处理组载药累积释放下降了71.67%±4.20%,稳定贮存时间由5天延长至21天,差异有显著性(P＜0.01),渗透脆性和细胞形态无明显改变;0.16%戊二醛溶液处理组载药累积释放无明显变化,稳定贮存时间增加至7.5天,而渗透脆性有所增大.结论 0.25%戊二醛溶液对人源VCR载体红细胞具有较好的细胞膜封闭和稳定作用.     

盐酸二甲双胍壳聚糖-海藻酸钠缓释微囊的制备及性能研究

目的 制备盐酸二甲双胍壳聚糖-海藻酸钠缓释微囊并探索其性能.方法 以壳聚糖和海藻酸钠为囊材,利用复凝聚法将盐酸二甲双胍微囊化.以微囊的药物包封率为制备工艺优化指标,用转篮法测定其体外溶出速率.结果 通过正交实验得出微囊的最佳制备工艺条件为:壳聚糖浓度0.2%,成囊pH 4.5,成囊温度45℃,搅拌速度200r/min.微囊的溶出释放性能实验显示,该载药微囊的累积释放速度远低于市售缓释片剂,在20h左右达到75%左右的最高累积释放值.结论 以最佳制备工艺条件制备含药微囊重现性好、工艺稳定、吸水溶胀性好,体外溶出实验显示具有较好的缓释作用.     

挥发性促透剂对L-肉碱体外经皮渗透的影响

目的 考察薄荷油、冰片等中药挥发性促透剂对L-肉碱体外经皮渗透的影响.方法 使用改良Franz体外透皮装置,采用反相高效液相色潽法检测接收液中L-肉碱的浓度并计算药物的透皮累积透过量,考察不同浓度的薄荷油、冰片等挥发性促透剂对L-肉碱的促透作用.结果 薄荷油和低浓度的冰片均能够提高L-肉碱的透皮效率,但高浓度的冰片降低...     

口服降钙素微粒制备工艺的研究

目的:制备口服降钙素微粒给药系统.方法:选用氨基酸环合脱水、环二聚化的方法合成二酮哌嗪,以二酮哌嗪作为包裹材料采用固化凝聚法制备降钙素微粒,通过正交设计筛选降钙素微粒的制备工艺,并对其物理形态、体外释放进行了研究.结果:微粒的物理性质稳定,在水溶液中的分散性好,平均粒径1～3μm,药物回收率74%,微球主药含量1.36%,体外释放符合零级方程.结论:此微粒系统在低pH条件下稳定,在生理环境中可溶解,可作为在胃液中不稳定药物特别是蛋白质和多肽类药物口服给药载体.     

Glutamine supplementation in vitro and in vivo,in exercise and in immunodepression

In situations of stress, such as clinical trauma, starvation or prolonged, strenuous exercise, the concentration of glutamine in the blood is decreased, often substantially. In endurance athletes this decrease occurs concomitantly with relatively transient immunodepression. Glutamine is used as a fuel by some cells of the immune system. Provision of glutamine or a glutamine precursor, such as branched chain amino acids, has been seen to have a beneficial effect on gut function, on morbidity and mortality, and on some aspects of immune cell function in clinical studies. It has also been seen to decrease the self-reported incidence of illness in endurance athletes. So far, there is no firm evidence as to precisely which aspect of the immune system is affected by glutamine feeding during the transient immunodepression that occurs after prolonged, strenuous exercise. However, there is increasing evidence that neutrophils may be implicated. Other aspects of glutamine and glutamine supplementation are also addressed.     

Temporal changes in the oxidation state in in vitro blood

The rates at which the paramagnetic compounds deoxyhemoglobin (Hb) and methemoglobin (MHb) form in vivo within an area of hemorrhage are unknown. The present experiment establishes the baseline concentrations and rates of change in paramagnetic hemoglobin concentrations, as well as the pH in normal heparinized and clotted human blood maintained in vitro at 37 degrees C under anaerobic conditions over 30 hours. There was a moderate increase in Hb concentration in normal heparinized blood (average increase was 15.5%, rate = 0.50%/hour) and a slight increase in MHb concentration in the heparinized blood and clots (average increase was 1.4%, rate = 0.044%/hour). A second experiment was done to verify the activity of the RBC systems responsible for maintaining the hemoglobin molecule in the reduced state. Conversion of MHb to Hb in these samples proceeded at a rate of 5.6%/hour. In a third experiment, blood from 11 normal subjects maintained at 4 degrees C 25 degrees C was analyzed for MHb concentration over the course of 28 days. The level of MHb formation remained in the range of normal for at least 11 days in all subjects. The authors conclude that at basal conditions created in vitro, the blood levels of both Hb and MHb remain at relatively low levels. Therefore, if the accumulation of Hb and/or MHb occurs in acute in vivo hematomas it must be driven by intrinsic tissue factors.     

Carcinoma in situ in cryptorchid testes in post-pubertal patients]

The pathohistologic analysis of testis sections of 37 postpuberty patients with different types of cryptorchism is performed. The tissue samples were taken during orchiopehy, fixed in Bouin's solution and treated by the standard histologic techniques. The morphologic criteria are presented for identification of the presence of the so called carcinoma in situ cells found in two cases. Besides, in 13 patients rare, mainly single, atypical germinative cells were found in a smaller number of the seminiferous tubules. It has been concluded that the presence of carcinoma in situ cells in undescended testes of some patients and considering the simple way of sampling, lack of complications and high reliability of the diagnostic procedure, it is absolutely justified to take routine biopsy of testes during orchiopexy in each postpuberty and perhaps prepuberty patient.     

我国医用辐射防护研究概况

医学放射学技术的迅速发展及介入放射学在临床广泛应用，使更多的人受到电离辐射的照射，同时也促进了医疗照射防护工作的发展。文中重点综述了我国医用辐射防护工作者近年来在Ｘ射线ＣＴ的医疗照射防护、对介入放射学工作者的剂量监测以及应用医疗照射防护体系，降低医疗照射剂量等方面所作出的成绩和研究进展     

Hepatic steatosis in obesity in children

The fatty liver infiltrations of the children are not uncommon and are often seen in particular diseases, mainly related to intoxication or metabolic diseases. The authors reported a case of heterogeneous fatty liver infiltration due to obesity with a good evolution after a hypocaloric diet.