胰腺占位性疾病行超声内镜细针穿刺术结果分析

目的 探讨超声内镜细针穿刺术(EUS-FNA)在常规影像学检查中发现的不明原因胰腺占位的诊断价值.方法 选择南京医科大学鼓楼医院因胰腺占位原因待查住院病例,筛选出所有进一步接受超声内镜细针穿刺术检查的病例,总结资料完整的共94例.回顾性分析胰腺占位性病变的临床表现、EUS病变大小及部位、EUS表现特点、病理结果分析、最终病因分布、EUS-FNA对此类疾病的诊断价值. 结果 胰腺占位病变位于胰头的55例,位于胰体17例,位于胰尾22例.病变最小0.93cm×0.91cm,最大7.50cm×6.40cm,平均3.49cm×2.78cm.EUS-FNA检查病理结果阳性并明确诊断的7 1例,阳性率75.5％,之后选择手术并术后病理诊断22例.最终确诊的病例87例,分析病因分布为胰腺癌37例,胰腺黏液性囊腺瘤13例,胰腺实性假乳头状肿瘤5例,慢性胰腺炎6例,神经内分泌肿瘤7例,胰腺黏液性囊腺癌5例,浆液性囊腺瘤4例,自身免疫性胰腺炎3例,胰腺导管内乳头状黏液瘤2例,胰腺囊肿3例,胰腺结核2例.结论 胰腺占位性病变的明确诊断是消化科的难点,EUS-FNA对于胰腺占位性疾病尤其是胰腺相关恶性疾病是安全有效的重要诊断手段.     

内镜超声引导下细针穿刺活检术对胰腺占位病变的诊断价值

目的 探讨内镜超声引导下细针穿刺活检术（EUS-FNA）对胰腺占位病变的诊断价值.方法 收集2009-05～2011-06因胰腺占位病变行EUS-FNA病人16例,回顾性总结分析EUS-FNA病理诊断的阳性率及穿刺活检的安全性.结果 EUS-FNA病理结果中,腺癌8例,假性乳头瘤状1例,胰腺导管内乳头状黏液瘤（IPMT）1例,炎性6例,阳性检出率为62.5%.其中4例行手术治疗,手术结果与EUS-FNA结果符合3例,符合率为75%.结论 EUS-FNA对胰腺占位的定性诊断具有较高的准确性及安全性.     

超声内镜引导下细针穿刺活检术鉴别胰腺囊性病变良恶性的价值

目的:探讨超声内镜引导下细针穿刺活检术(EUS-FNA)鉴别胰腺囊性病变良恶性的价值。方法:搜集2013年1月~2014年12月行EUS-FNA检查的15例胰腺囊性病变的临床资料,比较单纯超声内镜(EUS)、EUS-FNA鉴别胰腺囊性病变良恶性的准确率、敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值。结果:15例患者抽取囊液均足够行细胞学、CEA、淀粉酶检查,4例有实性组织的病变均抽吸组织行病理检查,单纯EUS鉴别胰腺囊性病变良恶性的准确率、敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为66.7%(10/15)、75.0%(6/8)、57.1%(4/7)、66.7%(6/9)、66.7%(4/6);EUS-FNA鉴别胰腺囊性病变良恶性的准确率、敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为80%(12/15)、87.5%(7/8)、71.4%(5/7)、77.8%(7/9)、83.3%(5/6);伴有实性成分的胰腺囊性病变EUS-FNA鉴别其良恶性准确率为100%(4/4);15例患者术后均未发生并发症。结论:EUS-FNA对胰腺囊性病变良恶性的鉴别有较高的价值,对伴有实性成分的胰腺囊性病变诊断价值更高。     

超声内镜引导下胰腺肿瘤穿刺活检的临床应用

目的探讨超声内镜引导下细针穿刺活检术(EUS-FNA)诊断和鉴别诊断胰腺肿瘤的价值。方法采用Olympus GF-UM30P穿刺超声内镜对62例胰腺肿瘤进行细针穿刺活检检查,而后将采集到的标本送病理检查。结果62例胰腺肿瘤中胰腺癌36例,胰管内肿瘤7例,假性囊肿8例,囊腺瘤5例,淋巴瘤3例,炎性假瘤2例,转移性淋巴瘤1例。经EUS-FNA 56例获得成功,其中穿刺成功的实性病灶均获得满意的细胞学和组织学标本,良恶性肿瘤穿刺成功率分别为100%、90%,诊断准确率为100%、87%。仅1例发生急性胰腺炎。结论EUS-FNA诊断胰腺肿瘤的准确率高,穿刺成功率高,且并发症极低,值得在临床推广。     

良、恶性IPMN临床病理特征及MRI对其诊断价值分析

目的 分析良、恶性胰腺导管内乳头状粘液性肿瘤(IPMN)临床病理特征及MRI对其诊断价值.方法 选取本院2016年1月至2019年10月本院收治的21例IPMN患者作为研究对象,比较良、恶性IPMN的临床因素;以病理诊断为"金标准",分析MRI检查良、恶性IPMN的诊断准确率及良、恶性IPMN的影像学征象.结果 恶性I...     

超声内镜引导下细针穿刺抽吸术对胰腺占位的诊断价值分析

目的 探讨超声内镜引导下细针穿刺抽吸术（EUS-FNA）对胰腺占位性病变的诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析2021年2月—2022年1月于连云港市第一人民医院行超声内镜检查并行EUS-FNA患者病历资料,包括穿刺病理结果,病灶部位、性质、直径,穿刺后患者临床表现,血常规及淀粉酶情况。结果 共有20例纳入研究,其中实性占位15例,囊性占位5例。实性占位中恶性肿瘤10例,异型细胞4例,非肿瘤1例;囊性病变中恶性2例。胰腺占位病变中总的准确率是85.00%,敏感性83.33%,特异性100.00%。其中,实性占位中诊断准确率86.67%,敏感性85.71%,特异性100.00%;囊性占位诊断准确率60.00%,敏感性66.67%,特异性100.00%。病灶部位及直径大小与穿刺阳性率无明显关系。术后患者血淀粉酶升高1例,经治疗后好转,无出血、穿孔、感染等并发症。结论 超声内镜引导下细针穿刺抽吸术是诊断胰腺占位性病变准确且安全的方法。     

造影增强超声内镜联合超声内镜引导下细针抽吸术对胰腺占位的诊断价值

目的 探讨造影增强超声内镜(CE-EUS)联合超声内镜引导下细针抽吸术(EUS-FNA)对胰腺占位的诊断价值。 方法 回顾性分析2017年1月~2020年12月175例胰腺占位患者的临床资料,以手术、穿刺病理或随访结果为金标准,符合入组要求的患者有132例,其中行增强CT和/或增强MRI检查组有55例,行EUS检查组有40例,行CE-EUS联合EUS-FNA组有37例,比较三种检查方式在诊断胰腺占位中的价值。 结果 55例胰腺占位行增强CT和/或增强MRI检查结果显示良性13例,恶性42例,敏感度79.49%(31/39)、特异度56.25%(9/16)、阳性预测值81.58%(31/38)、阴性预测值52.94%(9/17)、准确率72.73%(40/55);40例胰腺占位行EUS检查显示结果良性13例,恶性27例,敏感度80.00%(24/30)、特异度60.00%(6/10)、阳性预测值85.71%(24/28)、阴性预测值50.00%(6/12)、准确率75.00%(30/40);37例胰腺占位行CE-EUS联合EUS-FNA检查结果显示良性14例,恶性23例,敏感度93.94%(31/33)、特异度75.00%(3/4)、阳性预测值96.87%(31/32)、阴性预测值60.00%(3/5)、准确率91.89%(34/37)。胰腺癌在CE-EUS下主要表现为不均匀的点状或棒状的低增强模式,在CE-EUS引导下选择在低增强区域行FNA,可提高穿刺的阳性率。 结论 CE-EUS联合EUS-FNA可提高胰腺占位诊断的准确率,值得临床推广。     

检测Mesothelin蛋白表达对胰腺细针穿刺标本的诊断价值

目的探讨检测mesothelin蛋白表达对内镜超声引导下胰腺细针穿刺(EUS-FNA)标本的诊断价值.方法采集27例胰腺实性占位病变患者的EUS-FNA标本,采用EnVision免疫组织化学方法检测mesothelin蛋白的表达情况,并与细胞学检查结果及最后确诊结果进行比较.结果在27例患者中,最终诊断为胰腺癌19例,良性病变8例.其中,细胞学检查恶性的10例患者最后均确诊为胰腺癌;细胞学检查可疑恶性或见到异型细胞的11例患者中,有7例最后确诊为胰腺癌,4例为良性病变;细胞学检查良性的6例患者中,有2例最后确诊为胰腺癌,4例为良性病变.在19例确诊为胰腺癌的患者中,有14例mesothelin蛋白免疫组织化学染色呈阳性(敏感性73.7%);而在8例良性病变标本中,有7例mesothelin蛋白染色呈阴性(特异性87.5%).7例细胞学检查可疑而最后确诊为胰腺癌的患者中,5例有mesothelin蛋白表达(敏感性71.4%,特异性75%),4例最终确诊良性病变的可疑恶性病例中有1例mesothelin蛋白染色呈阳性.结论mesothelin在EUS-FNA标本中的表达有较高的特异性,检测mesothelin的表达对鉴别诊断细胞学检查可疑恶性病例具有一定价值.     

超声内镜在诊断消化系统神经内分泌肿瘤中的作用

目的 探讨超声内镜(EUS)在诊断消化系统神经内分泌肿瘤的价值.方法 对确诊为消化系统神经内分泌肿瘤的16例患者临床资料进行回顾性分析,探讨其EUS表现,并与传统影像学诊断方法进行比较,了解其诊断价值.结果 共16例神经内分泌肿瘤,7例(43.8％)神经内分泌肿瘤发生在胰腺:肿瘤位于胰腺头部2例,胰腺体部2例,胰腺尾部2例,胰腺头部-体部交界处1例;EUS特点:边界清楚,圆形或类圆形的低回声肿块,其内部回声可均匀或不均匀,部分可在肿块周边发现晕环样改变(不连续的高回声边缘).6例(37.5％)发生在直肠(平均距肛门5.5 cm),EUS特点:起源于黏膜或黏膜下层的回声均匀的低回声肿块.2例(12.5％)发生胃部,EUS特点:起源于黏膜层或黏膜下层,内部回声均匀或不均匀的等或低回声病变.1例(6.2％)发生在左肾上腺,EUS特点:内见分隔带的无回声影,壁厚,回声较高.所有患者最终均经病理确诊为神经内分泌肿瘤,其中有7例经手术后得到确诊,3例经内镜下黏膜剥离术得到确诊,2例经EUS-FNA得到确诊,2例经EMR得到确诊,术前EUS诊断正确率为93.7％.结论 EUS可用于胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的术前定位、诊断和指导消化道类癌的内镜下治疗,并通过EUS-FNA提取病理组织进行细胞学诊断,优于传统的影像学方法,是消化系统神经内分泌肿瘤的重要诊断手段.     

血清肿瘤标志物在胰腺良恶性占位病变鉴别诊断中的作用评估

目的 全面评价4种肿瘤标志物(CEA、CA19-9、CA242、CA50)检测在胰腺良恶性占位病变鉴别诊断中的价值.方法 通过对胰腺癌患者和胰腺良性病变患者的血清肿瘤标志物CEA、CA19-9、CA242、CA50检测结果进行分析,同时对结果进行统计学检验.结果 4种血清肿瘤标志物对鉴别胰腺良恶性占位病变均有一定的临床意义,其中CA19-9的综合诊断能力较强.如果寻找到新的更为特异、敏感的胰腺癌血清肿瘤标志物并联合CA19-9检测,结合影像学和其他辅助检查,则胰腺占位性病变的鉴别诊断水平有望进一步提高.结论 血清肿瘤标志物在胰腺良恶性占位病变鉴别诊断中有着重要的临床应用价值.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.