国产酚嘧啶等药物驱治鞭虫的疗效观察

人体鞭虫的感染率一般较低,但某些地区高于蛔虫感染率,为常见的寄生虫病。驱治鞭虫远较驱治钩虫、蛔虫困难,大多驱虫药物只能达到10～20％的虫卵阴转率。自甲苯咪唑问世以后,可以将驱治鞭虫的阴转率提高到50～80％。国外在1976年又有Oxantel(酚嘧啶)驱治鞭虫疗效很好的报道。1980年7～9月和1982年6～10月,我们用上海医药工业研究院合成的酚嘧啶及杭州第一制药厂用酚嘧啶和噻嘧啶合成的双色片,在江苏省连云港港口人群中进行治疗观察,现报道如下:     

噻嘧啶二日疗法与三日疗法的疗效观察(摘要)

用噻嘧啶二日疗法或三日疗法观察驱肠道线虫的疗效。结果表明：治疗钩虫感染528例，驱虫阴转率三日疗法为94.6％、二日疗法为81.3％，提示噻嘧啶驱钩虫三日疗法优于二日疗法（x~2+21.6，P＜0.01）；治疗蛔虫感染536例，驱虫阴转率三日疗法为92.6％、二日疗法为90.8％，说明噻嘧啶驱蛔虫三日疗法与二日疗法差异无显著性（x~2=0.9553。P＞0.05），亦说明单纯蛔虫感染者只需二日疗法就可达到满意效果；治疗鞭虫感染227例，驱虫阴转率三日疗法为     

间酚嘧啶-噻嘧啶复合片驱治鞭虫、钩虫及蛔虫的疗效观察

驱治鞭虫新药间酚嘧啶(Oxantelpamoate)由上海医药工业研究院和杭州第一制药厂于1979年试制成功,并经有关单位作药理及临床试验,证明效果良好。但间酚嘧啶仅能驱除鞭虫,在推广使用上受到限制。今杭州第一制药厂又制成间酚嘧啶-噻嘧啶复合片(以下简称间-噻复合片)以求能同时驱治鞭、钩、蛔虫。我室于1982年春季结合教学工作用该药试治一批学生,同时用单一的间酚嘧啶、噻嘧啶作对照,现将结果报告如下。     

酚嘧啶和噻嘧啶混合片驱治鞭虫的疗效观察

自1976年国外报道用Oxantel驱治鞭虫后,我国也合成了酚嘧啶(Oxantel),驱鞭效果较为理想(1～6)。但该药对蛔、钩虫等疗效较差,混合感染时常需伍用其它药物。1982年6～10月我们用杭州第一制药厂生产的酚嘧啶和噻嘧啶(Pyrantel)双色混合片在连云港港口小学进行了治疗观察,并与酚嘧啶、甲苯咪唑的疗效进行比较,现报道如下。 方法 一、治疗对象 (一)治疗前后均用塑料圆管法作粪     

噻嘧啶和丙硫咪唑及驱虫乐单剂顿服法治疗肠道线虫感染的效果

本文采用噻嘧啶和丙硫咪唑及驱虫乐单剂顿服法治疗肠道线虫感染,钩虫卵阴转率分别为64.3％、66.5％和72％,虫卵减少率为85.66％、82.36％和87.68％;蛔虫卵阴转率依次为100％、99.01％和100％;鞭虫卵阴转率分别为23.97％、30.87％,和31.29％。服药后均未发生严重不良反应     

丙硫咪唑、复方甲苯咪唑和噻嘧啶治疗肠道线虫混合感染的效果

<正> 钩虫、蛔虫、鞭虫和蛲虫等肠道线虫的混合感染在我省农村甚为普遍,感染率很高,严重危害群众的健康。丙硫咪唑、复方甲苯咪唑和噻嘧啶均为广谱驱肠道线虫的新药。作者于1986年12月至1987年3月在含山县褒山乡用该三种药物作了治疗肠道线虫混合感染的比较观察。现报告如下。 对 象 和 方 法 一、治疗对象 对肠道寄生虫普查中阳性     

复方噻嘧啶、复方甲苯咪唑及丙硫咪唑驱除肠道线虫效果比较

复方噻嘧啶、复方甲苯咪唑及丙硫咪唑药物对驱除肠道线虫均有良好的效果。为了比较上述药物对钩虫、蛔虫、鞭虫,特别对美洲钩虫的驱虫效果,我们于1985年10～12月在金华进行了疗效比较观察,现将结果报告如下。经查金华县蒋堂乡钩虫感染阳性者     

噻嘧啶及左旋咪唑驱钩虫疗效观察

笔者等于2001年3-5月在台儿庄区农村分别应用单剂噻嘧啶及左旋咪唑驱钩虫治疗。粪检钩虫卯阳性者161例，其中服噻嘧啶组81例(有68例伴蛔虫感染，70例伴鞭虫感染)，单次剂量为12～14岁0．9g，15～18岁1．2g；服盐酸左旋咪唑组80例(有71例伴蛔虫感染，66例伴鞭虫感染)，单次剂量为12～14岁100mg，16-18岁125mg，均于下午3—4时半空腹服药。次日检查药物的不良反应，10天后用饱和盐水漂浮法复查粪便，以比较两药的疗效。     

国产酚嘧啶与噻嘧啶复合片治疗肠道线虫感染的效果观察

酚嘧啶治疗鞭虫感染的效果较好，但对蛔虫和钩虫等肠道线虫治疗无效，而噻嘧啶的作用与前者相反。故于1982年，由杭州第一制药厂合成酚嘧啶与噻嘧啶复合片（Oxante1pyrantel Pamoate）（下称复     

噻乙吡啶、噻嘧啶、甲苯咪唑、哌哔嗪驱蛔效果和毒性反应的比较观察

噻乙毗啶(Thienpydin)是七十年初代国内报导的又一种广谱驱肠道线虫药,1972年由西南医药工业研究所引进合成。据报导该药对驱除钩虫,蛲虫,蛔虫均有较好疗效,为进一步取得其驱蛔资料,用噻嘧啶与该药作对比性驱蛔效果观察。甲苯咪唑是一种广谱驱虫药;为寻求其驱蛔的有效剂量及疗程,用(口派)哔嗪与其作对比性驱蛔效果观察。为深讨哪一种药物驱除蛔虫为优,并且对蛔虫感染者仅有较低的毒性,我们于1979年12月至1980年1月在本院用上述四种药物驱除蛔虫,共作798例,资料完整的有439例,现将439例观察结果报导如下供参考。     

丙硫苯咪唑和甲苯咪唑体内杀钩虫卵与治疗肠道线虫病的对比观察

以丙硫苯咪唑200mg、Bid、连续三d与甲苯咪唑200mg、Bid、连续三d分别治疗钩虫感染者12例和10例。丙硫苯咪唑治后第1天幼虫发育率为0.25％,治后第2—5d均无虫卵发育为幼虫。甲苯咪唑治后第1天幼虫发育率为16.23%,治后第2d幼虫发育率为21.13%,治后第3—5d亦无虫卵发育为幼虫。另外以丙硫苯咪唑400mg和甲苯咪唑400mg单剂分别治疗钩虫感染者65例和58例。其中钩虫卵阴转率有显著意义     

Albendazole in the treatment of goehelminth infections in children

Children with mixed helminthic infections between the ages of 2 and 14 years, from a slum area, were treated with two regimes of albendazole. A majority of children had moderate to heavy infections with Trichuris trichiura (greater than 70%) and Ascaris lumbricoides (greater than 84%). Children treated with a single 400 mg dose of albendazole showed a very good response in ascariasis with 100% cure rate irrespective of the severity of infection. In Trichuriasis (n = 40), a cure rate of 50% was observed in mild infections, but only a reduction in the egg counts of 60% and 57% respectively were observed in moderate and heavy infections. Only 10 patients with Necator americanus infections were treated with the single dose, and the cure rate in mild infections was satisfactory (86%), with an overall egg reduction rate of 95%. In 47 children included in the multiple dose regime (200 mg daily x 3 days), the cure rates in trichuriasis were, 82%, 66%, and 37% respectively in mild, moderate, and heavy infections. The egg reduction rate was 98% in all degrees of infection in trichuriasis. The cure rate in ascariasis, with the multiple dose regime was similar to that of the single dose, with 100% egg reduction, irrespective of the severity of infection.     

Mebendazole in the treatment of helminthiasis.

Mebendazole, a new broad-spectrum anthelmintic, was used to treat patients with nematode infections--ascariasis, trichuriasis and hookworm. The dosage for adults was 100 mg twice daily for 3 days and for children, 50 mg twice daily for 3 days. Pretreatment and post-treatment egg counts on stool specimens showed that after mebendazole there was a reduction of over 99% in egg count per gram of stool in all three types of infection. The overall cure rates for the infections were as follows: Ascaris lumbricoides, 86.8% (59/68); Trichuris trichiura, 86.0% (37/43); and hookworm, 85.7% (24/28). The drug was equally effective in light and heavy infections. No important side effect was noted with this drug. It is suggested that mebendazole is the drug of choice for trichuriasis and mixed nematode infection.     

杭州市区幼儿园儿童蛲虫感染调查及卫生宣教在预防蛲虫感染中的作用探讨

为了解杭州市区幼儿园儿童蛲虫感染情况及卫生宣教在预防蛲虫感染中的作用。方法：1996年7～10月对杭州市区29所幼儿园2263名儿童．用透明胶纸法进行蛲虫卵检查。结果：蛲虫卵阳性197名，感染率为8．7％．其中男性感染率为9．8％、女性为7．4％．并将蛲虫卵阳性者分成两组：甲组50名．每人1次口服阿苯哒唑200mg，乙组76名．除服药外加卫生宣教．2个月后复查，阴转率甲组为80．0％，乙组为92．1％．经统计学处理两者差别有显著性。结论：卫生宣教在预防蛲虫感染中有一定的作用。     

Liver enzymes derangement and the influence of diet in animals given oral albendazole

Background:

Albendazole is used as an anthelmintic in the treatment of some parasitic infections. This study determined how the effects of albendazole on liver enzymes are influenced by diet.

Materials and Method:

Thirty adult male Wistar rats of mean weight 304.12 ± 11.34 g were randomly grouped into five: Group A: Control, was given rat pellets and water only; Group B received 15 mg/kg/d of albendazole while fasting; Group C received 15 mg/kg/d of albendazole with fatty meal; Group D received 15 mg/kg/d of albendazole with normal diet (rat pellets); and, Group E received 30 mg/kg/d of albendazole with normal diet (rat pellets); they were given orally for 3 consecutive days. The animals were sacrificed thereafter and blood samples obtained for quantitative study of the serum activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP).

Results:

Significant elevation in the serum levels of the transaminases especially in animals which were on their normal diet (rat pellets), while ALP was either reduced or increased based on dietary factors.

Conclusions:

Oral administration of albendazole before meal or with a fatty diet could help limit severe elevation of liver enzymes associated with its use, while still ensuring optimal efficacy.     

不同药物治疗尿螨病的疗效观察

目的:探讨不同药物对尿螨病的治疗效果。方法:将69例尿螨病患者随机分组,分别用吡喹酮、丙硫眯唑、甲硝哒唑、伊维菌素4种药物进行治疗,双盲法观察疗效。结果:吡喹酮、丙硫咪唑、甲硝哒唑、伊维菌素4种药物对尿螨病的治愈率依次为13.33％(2/15)、6.67％(1/5)、20.00％(3/1 5)、83.33％(20/24)。结论:伊维菌素是治疗尿螨病的一种较理想药物,具有临床推广应用价值。     

血压灵的降压作用及其降压机理研究

麻醉犬静脉给血压灵5mg/kg,平均动脉压降低33.12%,降压作用持续4～5小时。本品50mg/kg分别给麻醉犬、大鼠及猫灌胃,其血压分别降低22.54%、26.38%及28.95%,作用均持续5～7小时。在常压清醒大鼠,以血压灵100mg/kg灌胃,每日2次,连续3天,其血压降低15.13%,持续48小时。以同等剂量给清醒原发性高血压大鼠灌胃,每天2次,连续6天,其血压降低14.31%降压作用持续72小时。本品降压作用部位在中枢,其轻度α受体阻断作用及直接舒血管作用可能也参与降压作用。     

Evaluation of a new antihelminthic for trichuriasis, hookworm, and stronglyloidiasis.

Mebendazole was tested in a double-blind trial for its efficacy in the treatment and control of enteric helminths. One hundred and twenty-two children from a community near the Gulf of Carpentaria, and from a community in Cape York Peninsula in northern Queensland were divided into two equal groups to receive a course of either mebendazole or placebo after the identification of one or more intestinal helminths in a single pretreatment specimen of faeces. Between the tenth and twentieth days after a four-day course of treatment, three specimens of faeces were collected from each child. Mebendazole cured trichuriasis in 75% of cases, and over-all egg reduction rate was 96%. The drug also cured hookworm in 13 out of 15 cases and Strongyloides sterocoralis infestation in 14 out of 21 cases. Mebendazole was ineffective against Hymenolepis nana. No cases of Ascaris lumbricoides infestation were present. No side effects or adverse reactions to the drug were noted and patient acceptance was excellent. Mebendazole appears to be a safe drug for use in the treatment of human parasitic intestinal nematode infestations, and should be especially useful in the treatment and control of trichuriasis.     

Cyclosporine A in treatment of membranous lupus nephropathy

Objective To investigate retrospectively the efficacy of cyclosporine A (CsA) in the treatment of membranous lupus nephropathy (MLN).Methods Twenty-four patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and biopsy-proven MLN were treated with CsA in combination with prednisone. CsA was given at a starting dosage of 5 mg·kg-1·d-1 for 3 months, with a 1mg·kg-1·d-1 reduction every month and then maintained at a dosage of 2 mg·kg-1·d-1. The dosage of oral prednisone differed from person to person according to levels of extra-renal activity. Clinical efficacy and adverse reactions were retrospectively analyzed. Complete remission was defined as having a urinary proteinuria level (Upr) of &lt;0.4 g/d, and normal serum albumin and serum creatinine (SCr) levels, without SLE activity. Partial remission was defined as having a UPr decrement &gt;50% of baseline value and a serum albumin value of 30-35 g/L, without SLE activity. No response was defined as having a Upr decrement &lt;50% of baseline value and &gt;2.0 g/d, or as a deterioration of renal function, or as having active SLE. Results One patient could no longer undergo follow-up, and the other 23 patients were treated with CsA and followed up for 6-36 months (mean 16.8±8.4 months). The mean starting dosage of CsA was 4.7±0.5) mg·kg-1·d-1 and the trough level of the whole blood CsA was 248±110) μg/L. Twelve patients (52.2%) achieved complete remission, 10 patients (43.3%) achieved partial remission after CsA treatment, and one patient showed no response. At different CsA treatment timepoint, the complete remission rates were 17.4% (3rd month), 21.7% (6th month), 40% (12thmonth), 88.9% (18th month) and 100% (24th month) respectively. SCr elevation, when within a normal limit was not observed in most patients during early CsA administration, and at the end of the follow-up all the patients had a normal SCr. Relapse occurred in 33.3% of the patients after withdrawing CsA for 4-24 months. No chronic CsA renal toxicity was observed in 4 patients who had a repeat renal biopsy after CsA treatment for 6-24 months. Conclusions CsA could be regarded as an effective therapy for patients with membranous lupus nephropathy, but its adverse effects, especially its nephrotoxicity, should be carefully monitored during CsA treatment.