Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting for a patient with anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the pulmonary artery.

We report on a case of a 70-year-old chronic hemodialysis patient. He presented with anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ARCAPA) and severe left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) stenosis, which supplied collateral flow to the right coronary artery (RCA). The patient complained of myocardial ischemic symptoms during routine hemodialysis. We performed off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) surgery and ligation of the origin of the ARCAPA. Previous reports described that the myocardial ischemia was a rare complication with the ARCAPA patients. However, this case required coronary revascularization because of the atherosclerotic LAD stenosis as a collateral source of the RCA.     

Anomalous origin of the pulmonary artery from the right coronary artery

A 5-year-old boy who had an anomalous origin of a stenotic pulmonary artery from the right coronary artery with ventricular septal defect and pulmonary atresia is reported. The diagnosis was made at operation. Successful repair was achieved for the complex anomaly by using a pulmonary artery homograft as a conduit and closing the ventricular septal defect.     

Anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the pulmonary artery

A case of anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the pulmonary artery in a 73-year-old man is presented. The patient had been suffering from chronic heart failure with mitral and tricuspid regurgitation and atrial fibrillation for two years. Surgical repair was performed successfully, including ligation of the right coronary artery and coronary arterial bypass with a radial artery graft.     

Anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the pulmonary artery.

Three patients with anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the pulmonary artery are presented together with a review of the 14 patients with this anomaly previously reported. One of the current patients is the youngest to be diagnosed before operation and the youngest to undergo corrective operation. Although the lesion is usually asymptomatic, it may contribute to sudden death. The only suggestive physical finding is a continuous murmur with diastolic accentuation, which is present only in some patients. There are no diagnostic electrocardiographic or chest roentgenographic changes. Diagnosis is made best by selective left coronary arteriography showing retrograde filling of the right coronary artery from collateral vessels. Operative repair should consist either of direct reimplantation of the proximal right coronary artery into the aortic root or of saphenous vein bypass graft to the coronary artery with ligation of its origin. Operation is recommended when the lesion is recognized.     

Right coronary translocation for anomalous origin of right coronary artery from the left coronary sinus

We describe right coronary translocation as a simplified surgical procedure for right coronary artery arising from the left sinus with an intramural course. At surgery, the right coronary artery was transected, distal to the intramural segment and subsequently anastomosed to the ascending aorta above the right coronary sinus. This translocation was performed in four consecutive patients with good early and medium-term results. This technique of right coronary translocation is an alternative strategy to coronary artery bypass or the unroofing technique.     

Two cases of anomalous origin of LAD from right coronary artery requiring coronary artery bypass

We experienced two cases with anomalous origin of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) from the proximal right coronary artery requiring coronary artery bypass grafting. A 66-yr old female with a long history of angina and a positive stress test had the anomalous artery coursing anterior to the right ventricular outflow tract. A 42-yr old male with worsening angina after an anteroseptal myocardial infarction had the anomalous artery running between the great vessels. Both patients underwent left internal mammary artery-to-LAD bypass on the beating heart with complete resolution of ischemic symptoms.Isolated coronary artery anomaly is an uncommon disease (0.6-1.2%) in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. An anomalous origin of the LAD from the proximal right coronary artery (RCA) or the right sinus of Valsalva (RSV) is very rare, found in 1.2-6.1% of all coronary anomalies. This coronary anomaly has been considered potentially serious but functionally unimportant. We report two cases of anomalous LAD from the proximal RCA resulting in anterior wall ischemia which was effectively treated by coronary artery bypass surgery.     

Heart transplant for anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery

Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery is a congenital coronary artery malformation most commonly present in infancy. A variety of surgical procedures have been described to achieve physiological correction of the coronary flow abnormalities. These techniques are effective as long as there is potential for myocardial recovery. However the sequelae of chronic myocardial ischemia that characterize this entity often irreversibly damage the heart and preclude correction and palliation of the native anomaly. In this type of setting, heart transplantation is a realistic option. Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) occasionally presents in adulthood. Anatomic repair with a two coronary artery system may not be optimal in patients presenting with ischemic cardiomyopathy. We report an adult patient with platelet factor 4 (PF4) antibodies who underwent orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) for ALCAPA.     

左冠状动脉起源于肺动脉的外科治疗

目的　探讨左冠状动脉起源于肺动脉的术前诊断、手术治疗的术式和疗效。　方法　1991年 8月～ 1999年 3月 ,8例患者进行了手术治疗 ,其中 7例采用肺动脉内隧道成形术 ,1例采用冠状动脉旁路移植术 ,1例患者合并二尖瓣关闭不全 ,同时进行了二尖瓣成形术。术前进行了心电图、心脏超声和心导管、心脏造影等全面检查。术后随访 7例 ,随访时间平均 (4 6 8± 10 7)个月。　结果　 8例患者无住院死亡和严重并发症 ,7例随访无晚期死亡 ,1例患者因肺动脉内隧道缝线撕脱 ,导致主动脉 主肺动脉瘘 ,二次手术修补成功。随访患者NYHA心功能Ⅰ级 ,LVED平均 (4 6 4± 3 7)mm ,较术前平均 (5 4 4± 2 8)mm明显减少 (P <0 0 1) ,EF值 (6 9 4± 2 3) %较术前 (5 9 6± 2 8) %明显提高(P <0 0 5 )。　结论　左冠状动脉起源于肺动脉是一种较为罕见的先天性心脏病 ,治疗的主要原则为重建 2支冠状动脉系统并处理好合并病变。肺动脉内隧道矫治方法 ,简便易行 ,疗效满意     

Aortopulmonary window with anomalous origin of the right coronary artery

We report a case of an aortopulmonary window with a right coronary artery arising from the pulmonary trunk. This exceedingly rare anomaly with anomalous coronary artery presented without myocardial ischemia owing to the aortopulmonary window. The correct diagnosis was made by angiography and a successful surgical correction was performed.     

Echocardiographic assessment of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery

Transthoracic echocardiography of a 4-month-old boy with heart failure revealed poor left ventricular contractility with severe mitral regurgitation. Deformation analysis revealed significantly decreased circumferential strain in the anterior and anteroseptal segments. Furthermore, post-systolic shortening was evident in the anterior and lateral segments. The pulmonary arterial short-axis view showed that the left coronary artery originated from the pulmonary artery and color Doppler flow mapping showed retrograde flow in the left coronary artery. These findings were quite helpful for concluding the anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery.     

儿童冠状动脉异常起源于肺总动脉的外科治疗

目的　总结小儿冠状动脉异常起源于肺总动脉进行重建双冠状动脉系统的外科治疗经验。方法　 4例中 3例施行了改良肺动脉内隧道加人造主 肺动脉窗术 ,另 1例行冠状动脉移植术。其中 1例术中同时行房间隔缺损修补术和二尖瓣成形术。手术时平均年龄为 10岁。结果　平均体外循环 91min ,主动脉阻断 5 6min。无住院和远期并发症死亡病例。随访 1～ 3年 ,冠状动脉血流通畅 ,心功能正常 [射血分数 (EF) (6 6± 8) % ,心室缩短分数 (FS) (40± 5 ) % ,NYHAI级 ]。结论　尽早根据冠状动脉异常起源于肺总动脉不同解剖类型 ,采用不同方法重建双冠状动脉系统矫治术的治疗效果佳 ;适宜的心肌保护是手术成败关键之一。     

AP window and anomalous origin of right coronary artery from the window.

Aortopulmonary window (APW) is a rare malformation. We recently operated on a child with APW, ventricular septal defect, right aortic arch, and anomalous right coronary artery from the APW. This patient also had a chromosomal abnormality. He underwent the repair of this complex lesion in a staged operation.     

Repair of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery arising from right pulmonary artery with rolled-conduit-extended reimplantation in an adult

The left coronary artery arising from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a rare congenital anomaly. It causes high mortality if untreated in childhood. Only 10% to 15% of patients reach adulthood. We report a successful repair of ALCAPA in an adult with a rolled-conduit-extended-reimplantation technique. The procedure is easily applicable and has technical advantages for creating a longer and wider conduit and may decrease bleeding.     

Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the right pulmonary artery.

A previously unknown coronary artery anomaly is reported: origin of the left coronary artery from the right pulmonary artery. This unusual anomaly can probably be explained by the theory of dual embryonic development of the coronary arteries from angioblastic buds in the truncus arteriosus. It is thought that these buds anastomose with a capillary network that is developing on the surface of the ventricles. Complete repair of this lesion with restoration of a two-coronary artery system was accomplished in a 10-month-old baby. The coronary artery was detached from the pulmonary artery, with a button of pulmonary artery being retained around the coronary artery ostium. Direct systemic arterial flow to the left coronary artery was established by anastomosis of the left coronary to the right subclavian artery.     

Surgical treatment for anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery.

Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery carries a poor prognosis; most patients die early in life from myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure. During a 12-year period at the Texas Heart Institute, 13 patients with this congenital malformation ranging in age from 1 to 24 years underwent operation. The anomalous coronary artery was sutured or ligated, or both, close to the pulmonary artery in 3 patients, 2 before 1965. Aortocoronary bypass was performed in the remaining 10 patients, using an autogenous saphenous vein graft in 9 and a Dacron tube in 1. More recently a distal end-to-side anastomosis has been employed and is not the preferred method. If necessary, a pump oxygenator may be used to complete the procedure. The only death was that of the first patient in the series who underwent ligation of the left coronary artery and mitral annuloplasty for severe mitral insufficiency; Of the 12 patients available for long-term follow-up study, all but 1 were asymptomatic. Follow-up angiographic studies showed the graft to be patent in 7 patients; the longest period of graft patency was 8 years. Definitive operative therapy is preferable to simple ligation because it eliminates the left-to-right shunt from the right coronary artery to the pulmonary artery and establishes a double coronary artery system.     

Four cases of the anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery

We report perioperative management of 4 patients with anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery. This report involves with 3 infant cases and an adult. Two infants underwent coronary reimplantation procedure and Takeuchi's method was performed on the other infant. In all infant cases, mitral valve plasty was performed to correct mitral regurgitation secondary to papillary muscle dysfunction. The adult patient underwent CABG with ligation of LCA. General anesthesia was performed with high doses of fentanyl in all cases. We employed a relatively high PaCO2 and low FIO2 in order to maintain a high pulmonary vascular resistance. It aims to decrease the incidence of left to right shunt. We used epinephrine to wean one infant and the adult from cardiopulmonary bypass. Perioperative course was uneventful with the use of catecholamines and high doses of vasodilators for left ventricular dysfunction and coronary perfusion under mechanical ventilation.     

Correction of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary trunk

The article describes a successful operation for hemodynamic correction of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary trunk which was carried out for the first time in the Soviet Union. Experience in such operations according to the data in world literature is analysed. The authors point out the peculiarities of recognizing anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary trunk in "asymptomatic" patients with no classical manifestations of the anomaly.