胃癌的螺旋CT分析诊断

目的探讨胃癌的螺旋CT诊断价值。方法回顾分析38例经病理证实胃癌的螺旋CT表现。结果20例肿瘤累及浆膜层,8例肿瘤突破浆膜层,10例肿瘤向外侵犯并转移。结论螺旋CT可显示胃癌大小、形态,与周围组织关系及淋巴结的转移。对胃癌的术前分期评估及选择治疗方法具有较高价值。     

64排螺旋CT在鉴别胃黏液腺癌和非黏液腺癌中的价值

目的探讨64排螺旋CT在鉴别胃黏液腺癌和非黏液腺癌中的价值。方法搜集2006年6月至2007年6月,术前在放射科作64排螺旋CT检查,又经住院手术证实的资料齐全的68例胃癌病例,其中黏液腺癌组18例,非黏液腺癌组50例。回顾性分析2组病例在肿瘤原发部位（近侧/远侧胃壁）、胃壁厚度、病灶大小、肿瘤强化方式（分层/不分层）、强化程度（明显/不明显）、浆膜侵犯等方面的差异。结果94%的胃黏液腺癌病例胃壁明显增厚,主要表现为胃壁中层低密度,而非黏液腺癌胃壁增厚者占72%,主要为较高密度的内层或全胃壁;胃黏液腺癌组中,83%的病例显示分层强化,11%的病例强化明显,而非黏液腺癌组有76%的病例表现单层强化,60%的病例强化明显;胃黏液腺癌比胃非黏液腺癌更容易出现对浆膜的侵犯（89%vs64%）;以上的组间比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。在肿瘤的原发部位或病灶大小方面,胃黏液腺癌与胃非黏液腺癌的组间没有明显差异。结论64排螺旋CT能够较为准确地观察肿瘤胃壁的增厚、强化分层和瘤体内的黏液低密度区,有利于鉴别胃黏液腺癌和非黏液腺癌。     

多排螺旋CT在诊断胃癌侵犯胃裸区中的价值

目的研究胃癌侵犯胃裸区(gastric bare area，GBA)的CT表现和解剖基础，探讨多排螺旋CT在诊断中的价值。方法回顾性分析196例连续性胃癌病例的CT资料，其中GBA受累56例(28．6％)，按解剖部位分为近侧胃癌(proximal gastric cancer，PGC)组和远侧胃癌(distal gastric cancer，DGC)组。观察胃癌侵犯GBA的CT表现特征，比较PGC组和DGC组胃癌侵犯GBA的出现率差异。结果56例中．有46例表现为GBA内软组织肿块。10例表现为结节状淋巴结。胃癌侵犯GBA病例的CT征象有：GBA增宽，胃壁与膈肌之问的薄层脂肪间隙中断或消失；GBA内可见不均匀强化的软组织密度肿块或类圆形淋巴结；左膈脚及胃膈韧带不规则增厚并与肿瘤分界不清；膈下腹膜后问隙淋巴结肿大。PGC组中。胃癌侵犯GBA的出现率为70．0％(42／60)，而在DGC组仅为10．3％(14／136)。两者问差异有显著性意义(P=0．025)。结论PGC侵犯GBA的出现率高于DGC。胃癌侵犯GBA有一定的CT表现特征。多排螺旋CT在术前评价GBA受侵和淋巴结转移方面具有重要价值。     

结直肠充气螺旋 CT对结直肠癌术前分期的诊断价值

目的探讨结直肠充气螺旋CT扫描对结直肠癌术前分期的诊断价值。方法从1998年8月至2002年12月,对术前64例经结肠镜活检证实的结直肠癌患者进行结直肠充气,然后行螺旋CT扫描,采用Dukes分期法,将螺旋CT分期结果与手术和病理结果对照。结果结直肠充气螺旋CT图像能清晰地显示全部结直肠肿块,对浆膜层浸润的敏感性为95.2%(40/42),特异性为40.9%(9/22),准确性为76.6%(49/64);判断淋巴结有无转移的敏感性为75.0%(15/20),特异性为90.9%(40/44),准确性为85.9%(55/64);总的分期准确性为64.1%。结论结直肠充气螺旋CT对结直肠癌术前分期有一定的诊断价值和局限性。     

低张水充盈薄层螺旋CT增强扫描对胃癌的诊断价值

目的:探讨低张水充盈薄层螺旋CT增强扫描对胃癌的诊断价值。方法:对32例胃癌患者进行低张气钡双对比造影及低张水充盈薄层螺旋CT增强扫描,并与术后病理相对照。结果:胃癌的CT表现主要有:胃壁增厚、显著增强的软组织肿块、胃内不规则充盈缺损、胃腔狭窄、淋巴结及远处脏器转移、邻近脏器侵犯。肿瘤门脉期增强较动脉期显著。低张水充盈薄层螺为CT增强扫描对胃癌的检出率为100％,对胃癌TNM分期准确率为82％。结论:低张水充盈薄层螺旋CT增强扫描对胃癌的诊断和分期有重要价值,准确性明显高于其他检查方法。     

CT三维重建对胃癌术后复发的诊断意义

目的探讨CT三维重建技术对胃癌术后复发的诊断意义。方法对哈尔滨医科大学附属第三医院2004年12月至2008年12月期间经手术或临床证实的39例胃癌根治术后复发的患者行多层螺旋CT扫描,在工作站进行三维重建,用CT轴位图像和三维后处理图像分别对胃癌术后复发患者进行诊断。结果 CT轴位图像和三维后处理图像对病变形态、侵犯范围、淋巴结转移及远处转移情况的检出率分别为82.1%(23/28)和100%(28/28),62.5%(10/16)和93.8%(15/16),66.7%(10/15)和93.3%(14/15),87.5%(7/8)和87.5%(7/8)。结论 CT三维重建对于增厚胃壁垂直厚度的测量、周围组织的浸润情况的观察及对淋巴结整体形态的变化可更直观、立体地进行诊断,对于胃癌术后复发的诊断优于单纯轴位图像,为复发肿瘤进一步治疗提供资料。     

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进展期胃癌行CT检查,尤其是多层螺旋CT检查可以了解胃癌的腔内外侵犯范围、淋巴结转移和远处器官转移等情况,对胃癌的术前分期有较大的帮助,已成为当前术前检查的常用方法。本文通过正常胃和进展期胃癌的CT表现进行对比阐述,以提高临床医师对胃癌CT征象的认识。1胃的正常CT表现1.1胃壁的厚度正常胃壁的厚度与胃的充盈程度有关,胃腔充盈良好时,胃壁厚约2～5mm,胃腔充盈不良时,胃壁厚度可达10mm。贲门和胃窦部较胃体部的胃壁稍厚,判断胃壁是否增厚必须结合胃腔的充盈情况和部位(图1)。在胃的多期扫描中,因各期的扫描时间不同,胃腔的充盈在…     

进展期胃癌术前CT与手术结果的对比研究

目的探讨CT检查对进展期胃癌手术可切除性的术前评估价值。方法回顾性分析对比93例进展期胃癌的CT表现及手术治疗的相关资料。结果胃底贲门癌23例,胃体部癌59例,胃窦部癌11例。肿瘤肿块最大者直径1.5～11cm。93例胃癌均显示胃壁有不同程度的增厚,部分胃壁有软组织肿块形成,黏膜面有溃疡形成,胃腔及贲门狭窄,贲门管壁增厚,食道下段受累以及周围组织器官侵犯等。CT对进展期胃癌的定位、定性诊断与胃镜活检和/或手术病理符合率高,肿瘤检出率可达100%。手术前判断为可切除组的手术切除率达93.3%;不宜手术切除组病例的不能切除率为75.0%。结论胃癌术前CT诊断具有重要临床意义,CT对肿瘤的可切除性评估有较高的参考价值,值得推广应用。     

64-MSCT增强扫描评价胃癌患者术前临床TNM分期的价值

目的探讨64排螺旋CT(64-MSCT)增强扫描评价胃癌患者术前临床TNM分期的价值。方法选取2016-07—2019-01间在林州市肿瘤医院接受根治手术的200例胃癌患者,术前均经胃镜及病理检查确诊。以术后病理TNM分期为“金标准”,评价术前64-MSCT增强扫描对胃癌患者临床TNM分期的价值。结果术前64-MSCT增强扫描临床TNM分期中,T、N、M的准确率分别为82.00%、73.00%和97.00%。M的准确率高于T和N分期(P<0.05),且一致性极好(Kappa=0.905,P<0.001)。结论术前64-MSCT增强扫描评估胃癌患者的临床TNM分期准确率较高,对远处转移判断与病理诊断具有高度一致性,有助于临床医师制定治疗方案。     

能谱CT多参数成像预测胃癌淋巴结转移的应用价值

目的探讨能谱CT多参数成像预测胃癌淋巴结转移的应用价值。方法采用回顾性病例对照研究方法。收集2014年1月至2017年6月郑州大学第一附属医院收治的86例胃癌病人的临床病理资料;男53例,女33例;中位年龄为53岁,年龄范围为22~87岁。所有病人采用能谱CT行腹部常规平扫和能谱动静脉期增强扫描检查,在后处理工作站对平扫图像、动静脉期70 keV单能量图像、动静脉期碘基图像进行分析。观察指标:(1)胃癌淋巴结转移情况。(2)胃癌淋巴结转移影响因素分析。(3)特殊病例介绍。计数资料以绝对数表示。单因素分析采用χ²检验或秩和检验。多因素分析采用Logistic回归模型。结果(1)胃癌淋巴结转移情况:86例病人中,64例伴淋巴结转移,22例无淋巴结转移。(2)胃癌淋巴结转移影响因素分析。单因素分析结果显示:肿瘤生长方式、肿瘤长径、瘤周脂肪浸润、动脉期CT值、静脉期CT值、静脉期碘基值是影响胃癌淋巴结转移的相关因素(χ²=6.753,Z=-3.180,χ²=7.649,Z=-2.051、-2.971、-2.547,P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示:瘤周脂肪浸润,静脉期碘基值[>12且≤16(100μg/cm³)、>16(100μg/cm³)]是胃癌淋巴结转移的独立影响因素(优势比=13.154,3.761、7.583,95%可信区间为2.597~66.620,1.893~8.572、4.769~16.692,P<0.05)。(3)特殊病例介绍。病例1:男,46岁。术前能谱CT增强检查结果示胃窦占位性病变伴淋巴结肿大。能谱CT增强检查动脉期70 keV单能量和碘基图像,原发灶层面横断位图像显示胃窦部胃壁明显增厚,轻中度强化,浆膜面及周围脂肪间隙清晰,伴胃体小弯侧淋巴结肿大。能谱CT增强检查动脉期70 keV单能量和碘基图像,幽门下层面横断位图像显示幽门下淋巴结肿大。能谱CT增强检查静脉期70 keV单能量和碘基图像,原发灶层面横断位图像显示胃窦部病灶分层强化,黏膜面明显强化,病灶黏膜面高碘基值。CT检查诊断为胃窦部胃癌伴淋巴结转移,无浆膜面及瘤周脂肪浸润。术后组织病理学检查结果示胃窦部中分化腺癌,浸润至肌层,合并淋巴结转移。病例2:男,53岁。术前能谱CT增强检查结果示胃体小弯侧胃癌伴淋巴结肿大。能谱CT增强检查动脉期70 keV单能量和碘基图像,原发灶层面横断位图像显示胃体小弯侧胃壁不均匀增厚,中度强化,瘤周脂肪间隙模糊,浆膜面模糊,伴胃体小弯侧多发淋巴结肿大。能谱CT增强检查静脉期70 keV单能量横断位图像显示胃体小弯侧病灶,胃体小弯侧肿大淋巴结分界不清晰,瘤周脂肪间隙模糊。能谱CT增强检查动脉期70 keV单能量腹腔干层面横断位图像显示脾动脉旁淋巴结肿大,周边环形明显强化,中央坏死成分无强化。CT检查诊断为胃体小弯侧胃癌伴淋巴结转移,合并浆膜面侵犯及瘤周脂肪浸润。术后组织病理学检查结果示胃体小弯侧低分化腺癌,浸润至浆膜层,伴淋巴结转移。结论瘤周脂肪浸润、静脉期碘基值是胃癌淋巴结转移的独立影响因素。     

胃癌哨兵淋巴结位置分布及其转移相关因素

目的　探讨胃癌哨兵淋巴结位置分布规律以及导致其转移的相关因素。方法　调查2 7例单个转移淋巴结、80例单组转移淋巴结的位置分布 ,比较单个转移淋巴结和 111例无转移淋巴结病人的临床病理参数。结果　 2 7个单个转移淋巴结中有 2 5个位于第 1站 ,跳跃转移 2个 ;2 1例胃下区、胃中区癌哨兵淋巴结中 16个在第 3、4组 ,6例胃上区癌哨兵淋巴结中 3个位于第 1组。pT3 期胃癌哨兵淋巴结转移的危险性高于pT1胃癌 ,比数比 (OR)为 4 92 6 (P <0 0 1) ,胃上区癌比胃下区癌哨兵淋巴结更易发生转移 (OR =4 381,P <0 0 5 ) ,早期胃癌哨兵淋巴结的转移危险性低于BorrmannⅠ型胃癌 (OR =0 0 82 ,P <0 0 5 )。结论　胃癌哨兵淋巴结多位于肿瘤附近 ,跳跃转移少见 ;肿瘤侵犯深度以及所在部位与哨兵淋巴结发生转移有关 ,利用胃癌哨兵淋巴结可以指导胃癌淋巴结切除范围的选择     

进展期胃近端癌联合脾脏切除87例报告

目的　通过研究进展期胃近端癌淋巴结转移情况及相关因素 ,阐述合理的手术方法。方法　回顾性分析我院 1995年 4月～ 2 0 0 1年 4月行根治性全胃切除的胃近端癌联合脾脏切除手术87例 ,探讨联合脾脏切除的指征。结果　进展期胃小弯近端癌No⑩～ 淋巴结转移率 7.2 % (2 /2 8) ,大弯侧及胃底部癌转移率明显增高 ,分别是 43.6 % (7/ 39)和 45 % (9/ 2 0 ) ,有明显差异 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　进展期胃近端癌联合脾脏切除 ,小弯侧癌应根据肿瘤大小、浸润深度、淋巴结转移情况进行分析 ;大弯侧及胃底部进展期癌如有根治可能应联合脾脏切除为宜。     

Preoperative evaluation of gastric adenocarcinomas: comparison of CT results with surgical and patholgic results

PURPOSE: The objective of our study was to reassess the value of CT scan in the preoperative evaluation of gastric adenocarcinoma, using surgical and pathologic findings as the reference standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-five patients who had preoperative CT scan for gastric carcinoma were retrospectively included in the study. Images were analyzed by two readers working in consensus with respect to tumor detection, tumor location, depth of invasion, involvement of adjacent organs, lymph node involvement and presence of peritoneal carcinomatosis. RESULTS: Gastric tumor was visible in 91% of cases. Accurate tumor localization was obtained in 50% of cases. Depth of tumor penetration was correctly evaluated in 40% of the cases. Evaluation of regional and distant lymph node metastases was correct in 54% and 64% of cases, respectively. Peritoneal carcinomatosis was depicted in 17% of cases. CONCLUSION: CT scan allows detection of gastric adenocarcinoma in the majority of cases. However, this technique markedly underscores the extent of gastric adenocarcinoma. Therefore, CT scan should not be used to determine the preoperative staging of gastric adenocarcinoma.     

Are gastric metastases of renal cell carcinoma really rare? A case report and systematic review of the literature

IntroductionRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents above 3 % of all cancers. At diagnosis, above 25 % of patients with RCC present an advanced disease. Gastric metastasis of RCC is associated with poor outcome. We report the case of a patient treated for a gastric metastasis of RCC and we conducted a systematic review of the literature to report all published cases of RCC patients with gastric metastasis.Case presentationIn December 2010, a 61-year-old man was treated by open partial nephrectomy for a localized right clear cell RCC. In September 2018, a metachronous gastric metastasis was found on CT scan. The lesion was located on the lesser curvature of the stomach, measuring 4.5 cm long axis. No other secondary lesions were identified. A laparoscopic wedge resection, converted to laparotomy was performed. Two years later, in September 2020, a CT scan was performed, revealing a 17 mm adenopathy behind the hepatic hilum and a surgical management was performed, including a lymph node dissection of the hepatic hilum and the hepatic artery. Actually, he remains healthy.Clinical discussion and conclusionOur systematic review suggests that solitary gastric metastasis of RCC are scarce. In comparison of patients with multiple metastatic sites, the median survival of patients with solitary gastric metastasis is longer.     

早期胃癌淋巴结转移与临床病理因素关系的临床研究

目的 探讨早期胃癌淋巴结转移规律,为合理选择治疗方案提供参考.方法 选择2005年10月至2011年10月间收治271例早期胃癌手术患者.结果 单因素分析及多因素分析结果均提示,肿瘤大小、病理学分类及浸润深度与淋巴结转移密切相关.通过对淋巴结转移率的进一步分析发现,当肿瘤浸润至黏膜层时,对于＜3.0 cm且病理学分类为分化型的患者并未出现淋巴结转移;同样在＜2.0 cm病理学分类为未分化型的患者中也未出现淋巴结转移;而当肿瘤浸润至黏膜下层时,所有分类中均存在淋巴结转移.结论 建议早期胃癌患者通过术前超声胃镜及病理筛选选择合适的手术方式,并严格把握内镜切除术治疗指征.     

Expression of Liver–Intestine Cadherin and Its Correlation with Lymph Node Metastasis in Gastric Cancer: Can It Predict N Stage Preoperatively?

Background Reliable method to predict lymph node metastasis is not yet available. In the present study, therefore, we examined LI-cadherin expression in human gastric cancer and attempted to find its relationship with clinicopathologic data, especially with lymph node metastasis. We also analyzed the expression in preoperative biopsy specimen to uncover its possibility of prognostication for lymph node metastasis. Methods The paired preoperative endoscopic biopsy and postoperative resected specimens from 208 patients who had surgically been treated for gastric cancer were retrospectively analyzed immunohistochemically for expression of LI-cadherin. Results There were 47 (22.6%) and 161 (77.4%) tumors which had positive and negative LI-cadherin expression, respectively. LI-cadherin expression was significantly correlated with tumor histology and lymph node metastasis: Furthermore, reduced expression of LI-cadherin was closely associated with tumor progression and lymph node metastasis in human gastric carcinoma. LI-cadherin expressions in both resected tumor and preoperative endoscopic tissues were found to be independent factors associated with lymph node metastasis. Conclusions There is a close association between reduced expression of LI-cadherin and lymph node metastasis in human gastric cancer. Immunohistochemical study of LI-cadherin is relatively simple compared to sentinel node navigation surgery, and it could be a practical prediction method for lymph node metastasis in patients with this malignancy.     

Lymph node metastasis at the splenic hilum in proximal gastric cancer

We performed splenectomy on patients with macroscopic advanced gastric cancer located at the proximal part of the stomach to achieve complete D2 lymphadenectomy. The aim of this study was to clarify the survival benefit of splenectomy in the treatment of gastric cancer. The clinical records of 225 patients who underwent total gastrectomy with splenectomy for gastric cancers involving the proximal part of the stomach were analyzed retrospectively. Nodal involvement at the splenic hilum (no. 10) was detected in 47 cases (20.9%). All of these cases were macroscopically diagnosed as positive for serosal invasion or regional lymph node metastasis at the time of surgery. In considering the lymphatic pathway from the primary tumor to no. 10 lymph nodes, metastasis at lymph nodes along the lesser curvature (no. 3), the short gastric vessels, or the gastroepiploic vessels (no. 4) may be good indicators of no. 10 lymph node metastasis. The overall survival of 47 patients with positive no. 10 lymph nodes was extremely poor. However, when curative surgery was performed, the survival of no. 10 positive patients was not different from that of no. 10 negative patients. Thus, for patients with advanced gastric cancer located in the proximal part of the stomach, D2 lymphadenectomy with splenectomy is recommended when patients show macroscopic evidence of serosal invaded tumor with regional lymph node metastasis.     

极微小胃癌临床病理特征及治疗的探讨

目的 探讨极微小胃癌的临床病理学特点.方法 对2004年1月至2008年6月浙江大学医学院附属第二医院收治的296例早期胃癌患者中肿瘤直径≤10 mm的34例早期胃癌的临床病理资料进行回顾性分析,将其中5例直径≤2 mm的早期胃癌(极微小胃癌组)与29例直径在2～10 mm的早期胃癌(对照组)进行分组比较研究. 结果极微小胃癌占同期早期胃癌病例的2%;黏膜内癌在极微小胃癌组和对照组中分别占100%和45%;高、中分化型腺癌在极微小胃癌组和对照组分别占100%和55%;极微小胃癌组淋巴结转移率为0,对照组为3%;极微小胃癌组和对照组均未见脉管浸润;极微小胃癌组和对照组肿瘤表层部与浸润部病理组织学一致率分别为100%(5/5)和86%.结论 极微小胃癌常局限于黏膜内,组织学类型比较单一,以高、中分化腺癌为主,不伴淋巴结转移及脉管浸润,浸润部与表层部组织学分化程度较一致.极微小胃癌是内镜治疗的良好适应证.     

胃癌术后复发及其相关因素分析

目的探讨胃癌术后复发的形式及影响胃癌术后复发的独立因素。方法总结分析225例胃癌患者根治性手术后肿瘤复发的情况,并采用Logistic多因素回归分析,对可能影响胃癌术后复发的15个临床病理因素和治疗措施进行分析。结果胃癌术后复发率为37.3%(84/225),其中腹膜复发47.6%(40/84),血源性转移复发33.3%(28/84),区域局部复发15.5%(13/84),远处淋巴结转移复发3.6%(3/84)。术后2年内复发者75.0%(63/84),2年后复发者25.0%(21/84)。Logistic多因素回归分析显示:影响胃癌患者术后复发的独立因素依次为T、N分级,术后早期腹腔化疗;影响术后腹膜复发的独立因素依次为T分级,肿瘤大体分型,术后早期腹腔化疗;影响术后血源性转移复发的独立因素依次为T、N分级,术前区域性动脉灌注化疗;影响术后区域局部复发的独立因素依次为病期,肿瘤部位,肿瘤大体分型。结论胃癌术后复发大部分发生在术后2年内,以腹膜复发和血源性复发常见。T、N分级和术后早期腹腔化疗是影响胃癌术后复发的独立因素。