不同压力二氧化碳气腹对腹腔镜胃癌根治术患者肝肾功能的影响

目的研究不同压力CO_2气腹对腹腔镜胃癌根治术患者肝肾功能的影响。方法择期行腹腔镜胃癌根治术患者60例,年龄40~65岁,采用随机数字表法将患者分为三组,每组20例。L组、M组和H组的气腹压力分别为6~8、9~11和12~14mm Hg。检测气腹前(T_1)、气腹后1h(T_2)、2h(T_3)、停止气腹后1h(T_4)、24h(T_5)静脉血N-乙酰-β-D氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)、半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C(Cys-C)、谷丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)和尿量;记录T_1~T_4时动脉血pH、PaCO_2和PaO_2。结果 T_1~T_5时三组患者ALT、AST、Cr、BUN变化差异无统计学意义。T_2~T_5时H组和M组患者NAG和Cys-C明显高于L组(P0.05),尿量明显少于L组(P0.05)。与L组比较,T_2~T_4时H组和M组PaCO_2明显增高(P0.05)。结论气腹压力6~8mm Hg可减轻CO_2气腹对患者肝肾功能的损伤。     

腹腔镜手术中不同气腹压力对老年患者血流动力学及血气的影响

目的观察不同气腹压力对老年患者腹腔镜中血流动力学和动脉血气的影响。方法 65岁以上择期行腹腔镜直肠癌根治术的老年患者30例,随机均分为两组,术中分别采用气腹压10 mm Hg(L组)和14 mm Hg(H组)。分别于气腹前15 min(T0)、平卧位气腹后15 min(T1)、气腹并体位改变后15 min(T2)、30 min(T3)、60 min(T4)、120 min(T5)、气腹结束并平卧位后15 min(T6)记录MAP、CVP、肺动脉楔压(PCWP)、肺平均动脉压(MPAP)、CO,计算CI、体循环阻力(SVR)、肺循环阻力(PVR),抽取动脉血测定pH、PaCO2、PaO2。结果与T0时比较,两组患者在T1~T5时MAP、CVP、PCWP、MPAP、PaCO2显著升高(P<0.01),pH明显下降(P<0.05);T1时CI和PVR明显下降(P<0.01),SVR明显升高(P<0.01);T2时CI和PVR明显升高(P<0.01),SVR明显下降(P<0.01)。T2~T5时,H组MAP、CVP、PCWP、MPAP显著高于、HR显著快于L组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论腹腔镜手术中气腹压14...     

不同气腹压对腹腔镜直肠癌根治术患者术后恢复的影响研究

目的探讨腹腔镜直肠癌根治术中维持不同气腹压对患者术后发生静脉血栓、胃肠道不适症状等的影响。方法将本院96例行腹腔镜直肠癌根治术的患者随机分为A组(CO_2气腹压维持在9 mm Hg)、B组(CO_2气腹压维持在12 mm Hg)、C组(CO_2气腹压维持在15 mm Hg),每组各32例。对比三组手术相关指标及术后恢复状况(手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴结清扫数目、术后排气时间、禁食时间、住院时间)、动脉血气指标【p H值、动脉血二氧化碳分压(Pa CO_2)、HCO_3~-】、下肢深静脉血流动力学(股静脉直径、流速、血流量),观察术后并发症发生率。结果三组间手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴结清扫数目差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。随着气腹压力增加,术后排气时间、禁食时间及住院时间延长,三组间差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);Pa CO_2、HCO_3~-呈升高趋势,p H值呈降低趋势,三组间差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);股静脉直径呈增大趋势,股静脉平均流速、血流量呈降低趋势,三组间差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);恶心呕吐、腹泻、肠麻痹发生率有增加趋势(均P0.05)。B组、C组下肢深静脉血栓发生率高于A组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论低CO_2气腹压(9 mm Hg)用于腹腔镜直肠癌根治术安全可行,而且有利于促进患者术后恢复,减少胃肠道不适症状及下肢深静脉血栓发生。     

腹腔镜手术时CO2气腹和体位对老年直肠癌患者循环功能的影响

目的探索腹腔镜手术中CO2气腹和头低足高体位对老年直肠癌患者循环功能的影响。方法回顾性分析48例老年直肠癌患者在麻醉前(T1),麻醉后(T2),建立气腹后(T3),摆放头低足高位后(T4),手术开始后30(T5)、60(T6)、90(T7)及120 min(T8)时的(HR)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、平均动脉压(MAP)、心输出量(CO)、心脏指数(CI)、中心静脉压(CVP)、p H、动脉血氧分压(Pa O2)及动脉血CO2分压(Pa CO2)资料,探索腹腔镜手术中CO2气腹和头低足高体位对老年直肠癌患者循环功能的影响。结果重复测量资料的方差分析结果显示,HR、SBP、DBP、MAP、CO、CI、p H、Pa O2及Pa CO2的时间效应均无统计学意义(P>0.05);而CVP的时间效应具有统计学意义(P<0.05),与T1和T2时间点比较,T7和T8时间点的CVP值均较高(P<0.05)。结论对于老年直肠癌患者实施腹腔镜手术时,患者的CVP随着手术时间的延长会逐渐升高,但积极做好术前评估和基础疾病的治疗控制、加强围手术期管理后,腹腔镜手术对于老年直肠癌患者是比较安全的。     

腹腔镜手术中头低脚高体位气腹建立后对冠状动脉血流量的影响分析

目的探讨头低脚高的体位处理对腹腔镜手术期间气腹建立后冠状动脉血流量的影响。方法选取2015年4月至2016年3月行腹腔镜手术的患者56例作为研究对象,根据体位的不同分为头低脚高组(A组,28例)和头高脚低组(B组,28例)。比较两组患者在气腹前(T0)、气腹后10 min(T1)、体位改变后5 min(T2)、10 min(T3)及20 min(T4)各时间点的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、呼气末二氧化碳分压(P_(et)CO_2)及冠状动脉左前降支(LAD)的直径及血流量。应用SPSS 17.0软件对所有临床数据进行统计学分析,体位改变后各时间点HR、MAP、P_(et)CO_2、LAD变化、血流动力学指标、手术时间以均数±标准差(±s)的形式表示,组间比较采用t检验;计数资料以n(%)的形式表示,采用χ~2检验;以P0.05表示差异有统计学意义。结果与气腹前(T0)时间点相比,两组患者的T1、T2、T3、T4时间点的HR、MAP、P_(et)CO_2、LAD直径和血流量均显著下降(P0.05);与气腹后10 min(T1)时间点相比,A组患者的T2、T3、T4时间点的P_(et)CO_2及LAD直径和血流量显著下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论腹腔镜手术时头低脚高体位可对患者的冠状动脉的血流量产生影响,临床应加强监护。     

比较腹腔镜胆囊切除术气腹压力对老年与年轻患者血流动力学的影响

目的 比较腹腔镜胆囊切除术中气腹压力对老人及年轻人血流动力学的影响.方法 40例ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级择期行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的患者,其中20例20～45岁(Y组),20例65～75岁(L组),两组患者均采用同一全凭静脉麻醉方法,气腹压力设置为12 mm Hg.应用LIFEGARDTM ICG监测仪,进行血流动力学评估.分别记录气腹前5 min(T0)、气腹后5 min(T1)、10 min(T2)、放气后5 min(T3)的HR、MAP、心脏指数(CI)、外周血管阻力(SVR).结果 与T0时比较,T1、T2时两组MAP、SVR均显著升高(P＜0.01),CI均明显下降(P＜0.01),T3时两组MAP、CI、SVR、HR恢复到T0时;T1、T2时L组HR明显快于,CI明显低于,MAP及SVR明显高于Y组(P＜0.05).结论 腹腔镜胆囊切除术中同样的气腹压力对老年人血流动力学的影响更明显.     

右美托咪定对腹腔镜胃癌根治术老年患者脑氧饱和度和术后认知功能的影响

观察右美托咪定对腹腔镜胃癌根治术老年患者局部脑氧饱和度(r SO_2)和术后认知功能的影响。选择行腹腔镜胃癌根治术的64例老年患者作为研究对象,随机分为右美组(右美托咪定组)和对照组,每组32例。右美组泵入右美托咪定0.4μg/(kg·h),10 min后将泵注速度调整为0.2μg/kg·h),泵注维持直至手术结束前30 min;对照组泵注等容量的0.9%氯化钠溶液。使用Covidien脑氧与区域监测系统监测局部r SO_2。记录患者入室时(T1)、全身麻醉插管后(T2)、气腹60 min(T3)和苏醒(T4)时的动脉血二氧化碳分压(Pa CO_2)、动脉氧分压(Pa O_2)、心率、平均动脉压(MAP)和r SO_2。组间各时间点观察指标比较差异无统计学意义。组内比较:T3、T4时刻,两组Pa CO_2、r SO_2明显高于T1时刻(P0.05)。右美组2例患者(6.67%)发生术后认知功能障碍(POCD),对照组8例患者(26.67%)发生POCD(P0.05)。右美托咪定不会进一步导致行腹腔镜胃癌根治术的老年患者r SO_2的升高,但能减少患者POCD的发生。     

低气腹压辅助悬吊式腹腔镜在老年胆囊切除术中的应用研究

目的探讨低气腹压辅助悬吊式腹腔镜在老年胆囊切除术中的应用价值。方法将2015年8月~2017年7月150例65岁及以上腹腔镜胆囊切除术随机分为气腹组(气腹压13~15 mm Hg)、无气腹组、低压悬吊1组(10~12 mm Hg)、低压悬吊2组(7~9 mm Hg)、低压悬吊3组(4~6 mm Hg),各组均为30例。监测气腹形成后5 min、20 min以及气腹放尽后5min心率、收缩压、呼气末CO_2分压、气道压力,记录手术时间,术前、术后2 h和8 h抽血检测D-乳酸、二胺氧化酶(DAO)。结果低压悬吊3组心率和收缩压变化较气腹组更小(P0.05)。低压悬吊3组气道压力及呼气末CO_2分压明显低于气腹组(P0.05)。手术时间无气腹组显著长于气腹组和3个低压悬吊组(P0.05),低压悬吊3组与气腹组之间无显著性差异(P0.05)。D-乳酸、二胺氧化酶各组之间无显著差异(P0.05)。结论与传统气腹腹腔镜手术相比,低气腹压(4~6mm Hg)辅助悬吊式腹腔镜手术对循环和呼吸功能的影响更小;与无气腹悬吊式腹腔镜手术相比,低气腹压(4~6 mm Hg)辅助悬吊式腹腔镜手术可以缩短手术时间,减少术中出血量。低气腹压(4~6 mm Hg)辅助悬吊式腹腔镜手术值得在老年患者胆囊切除术中推广应用。     

腹腔镜手术不同气腹压力对 IL-1β，IL-6和TNF-α的影响

目的：探讨腹腔镜手术不同压力CO2气腹对患者机体的IL-1β,IL-6和TNF-α的影响。方法2010年10月～2012年6月择期腹腔镜手术90例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,按病例时间分为10、12、15 mm Hg组。麻醉诱导成功后,3组分别以10、12和15 mm Hg气腹压力建立CO2气腹进行手术,分别于麻醉成功后（ T0）、气腹建立后（ T1）、摆放手术体位前（ T2）、手术完毕气腹消除后（T3）、术后24 h（T4）采集外周静脉血,测定白细胞介素1β（IL-1β）,白细胞介素6（IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子α（ TNF-α）水平,以及血流动力学指标并对测定结果进行统计学分析。结果组间比较：3组患者不同时点MAP、HR、PET CO2均无统计学差异（P＞0．05）;组内比较：3组患者不同时点 MAP、HR有显著差异（P＜0．05）,PETCO2无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。组间比较：3组患者T1～T3时点IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α均有统计学差异（ P＜0．05）;组内比较：3组IL-1β在T1、T2时点与T0比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,10、12 mm Hg组不同时点IL-6无统计学差异（P＞0．05）,15 mm Hg组在T1、T2、T3时点IL-6显著高于T0时点（P＜0．05）,12、15 mm Hg组TNF-αT1、T2、T3时点与T0比较有统计学差异（P＜0．05）,10 mm Hg组仅T0与T1时点有显著差异（ P＜0．05）。结论腹腔镜手术时气腹压力较小的应激反应较轻,以10 mm Hg为宜。     

呼气末正压通气对二氧化碳气腹病人动脉血氧合的影响

目的观察腹腔镜手术期间呼气末正压通气(PEEP)对二氧化碳气腹病人动脉血氧合及血液动力学的影响。方法20例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级经腹腔镜肾上腺肿块、输尿管上段结石及肾切除的病人,随机均分为P组和C组。50%氧气混合空气机械通气,P组予以5cmH2O的PEEP,C组无PEEP。观察建立二氧化碳气腹前(T0)、气腹后10min(T1)、30min(T2)、1h(T3)和2h(T4)的PaO2、PaCO2、HR及MAP。结果P组气腹期间PaO2有上升趋势,而C组呈下降趋势,气腹后1hC组显著低于P组(P<0.05)。两组MAP和HR波动均未超过11%。结论腹腔镜手术期间PEEP能促进动脉血氧合,对循环影响较小。     

CO2气腹对中老年直肠癌行腹腔镜手术患者呼吸和循环系统的影响

摘要为保证中老年直肠癌腹腔镜手术的安全,观测CO2气腹对呼吸和循环系统的影响,选择50例中老年择期行直肠癌腹腔镜手术患者,术中采用气管插管静脉复合结合连续硬膜外麻醉。行腹腔镜手术时,监测心率（HR）、平均动脉血压（MAP）、心电图（ECG）、呼吸频率（RR）、潮气量（VT）、气道压力（PAw）、血氧饱和度（SPO2）、呼气末二氧化碳分压（PetCO2）、动脉血氧分压（PaO2）、动脉二氧化碳分压（PaCO2）。结果显示,患者行CO2气腹前各项指标均在正常范围,CO2气腹后5min、15min的HR增快,MAP、PAw、PETCO2、PaCO2均升高。结果表明,CO2气腹对中老年直肠癌腹腔镜手术者呼吸、循环系统影响很大,因此,术中必须严密监测,备好抢救药品,对中老年合并心肺疾病者更应注意。     

长时间CO2气腹和Trendelenburg体位对中老年患者直肠癌根治术中脑氧饱和度的影响

目的评估腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术中长时间CO2气腹和Trendelenburg体位对中老年患者脑氧饱和度(rSO2)的影响。方法选择拟行腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术患者38例,男19例,女19例,年龄45~80岁,BMI 18~25kg/m2,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。根据年龄分为两组:45~64岁为中年组(M组),65~80岁为老年组(O组)。两组均常规全麻插管,记录诱导结束后10 min(T0)、Trendelenburg体位后30 min(T1)、1 h(T2)和2 h(T3)的HR、MAP、PETCO2、PaCO2、PaO2、rSO2等。采用Pearson检验分析rSO2与年龄的相关性。记录术后3 d内急性脑卒中和术后谵妄(POD)等神经系统相关不良反应的发生情况。结果与T0时比较,T1-T3时两组rSO2均明显升高(P<0.05)。T0时M组rSO2明显高于O组(P<0.05)。不同时点两组HR、MAP、PETCO2、PaCO2、PaO2差异无统计学意义。T0时rSO2与年龄呈明显负相关(r=-0.650,P<0.05)。T1、T2时rSO2与年龄未见明显相关性。T3时rSO2和年龄之间呈明显正相关(r=0.488,P<0.05)。两组术后无一例急性脑卒中和POD等神经系统相关不良反应发生。结论在需要Trendelenburg体位的腹腔镜手术中,尤其对于老年患者,应该加强rSO2监测,避免脑氧供氧需失衡带来的神经系统并发症。     

小型猪腹腔镜手术中不同气腹压力对循环功能的影响

目的研究小型猪普通外科腹腔镜手术中不同气腹压力对循环功能的影响,以选择适宜的气腹压完成腹腔镜手术。 方法选择24只25~30 kg巴马小型猪,随机分为A、B、C、D共4组,分别以10、13、15、17 mmHg（1.330、1.729、1.995、2.261 kPa）的气腹压进行腹腔镜实验手术,于不同时间点对心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）、动脉血液气体及酸碱分析指标进行监测。 结果A组的MAP无显著变化,B组在气腹建立30 min和180 min时显著升高,C、D组则在气腹建立30 min后呈显著降低趋势,各时间点的组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;4组HR在气腹后均呈逐渐升高趋势,且气腹压力越大,影响越明显;气腹开始至60 min内,4组的氧分压（PaO₂）几乎无明显变化,120 min时A、C、D组降低（P<0.05）;二氧化碳分压（PaCO₂）在气腹后均有升高,血液酸碱度也随之降低,组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。 结论在25~30 kg的小型猪普通外科腹腔镜手术模型中,既要保证手术视野,又要降低气腹对机体循环功能的影响,气腹压力的选择以10~13 mmHg为宜,不应超过15 mmHg。     

不同时点减压对重症急性胰腺炎合并腹高压猪模型血流动力学和氧代谢的影响

目的 评价不同时点减压对重症急性胰腺炎合并腹高压模型猪血流动力学和氧代谢的影响.方法 将18只家猪进行麻醉、气管切开后接呼吸机辅助呼吸,使用含5%牛磺胆酸钠和0.5%胰蛋白酶生理盐水(1 ml/kg)胰管内注射制作重症急性胰腺炎模型.其中12只关腹后采用氮气气腹法制作25 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)腹高压模型,随机平均分为两组,一组腹高压持续6 h后减压(6 h组),另一组腹高压持续9 h后减压(9 h组);另外6只归为重症急性胰腺炎组.置入动脉导管和Swan-Ganz导管动态监测3组模型猪的心率(Hr)、平均动脉压(MAP)、心排血量(CO)、中心静脉压(CVP)、肺动脉嵌压(PAWP)等血流动力学指标,并行血气分析检查计算氧输送量(DO2)、氧耗量(VO2).持续24h观察不同时点减压对上述指标的影响.结果 6 h组减压后血流动力学指标与重症急性胰腺炎组相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);9 h组减压后Hr、CO、MAP和CVP与另两组相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).血气分析结果显示,6 h组减压后与重症急性胰腺炎组相比,氧分压(PO2)、中心静脉血氧饱和度(ScvO2)、DO2无明显差异(P＞0.05).9 h组减压3 h后PO2、ScvO2及DO2仍低于另外两组(P均＜0.05).6 h、9 h组与重症急性胰腺炎组相比,VO2在6 h时升高更明显(P＜0.05);随后VO2均呈下降趋势,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 腹高压持续9 h后减压对重症急性胰腺炎合并腹高压模型猪的血流动力学及氧代谢产生明显影响.及时采用合适的方式减轻、解除腹高压是重症急性胰腺炎治疗的重要环节之一.

Abstract：

Objective To assess the effect of decompression in different time on systemic hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism in a 24 h lasting porcine model of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) incorporating intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH). Methods Following baseline registrations, SAP was induced in all 18 animals. A N2 pneumoperitoneum was used to increase the intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) to 25 mmHg(1 mmHg =0. 133 kPa) in 12 of 18 SAP animals. After 6 hours,decompression was applied in 6 of these 12 pigs and the other 6 animals received decompression at 9 h since the induction of IAH. The investigation period was 24 h. Heart rate(HR), cardiac output(CO), central venous pressure (CVP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulmonary arterial wedge pressure(PAWP) were continuously recorded with the aid of Swan-Ganz catheter and electrocardiography monitor; Oxygen partial pressure of artery (PaO2),carbondioxide partial pressure of artery (PaCO2) and central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2)were measured by blood-gas analysis. Besides that, systemic oxygen delivery (DO2)and systemic oxygen consumption(VO2)were calculated according to blood-gas analysis in arterial and central venous blood.Results After decompression, HR, CO, MAP, CVP, PAWP, PaO2 and DO2 showed no significant differences in the 6 h group when compared to SAP pigs. In the 9 h group,however,CO decreased significantly and HR,CVP, PAWP increased significantly after decompression than SAP only animals (all P ＜ 0. 05). PaO2, ScvO2 and DO2 showed lower after 3 h of decompression compared with another two groups. VO2 increased higher in I AH groups during 6 h of experiment than SAP pigs (all P ＜ 0. 05). Then VO2 showed a trend to fall and no differences in three groups. Conclusions There are remarkable and relatively irreversible effects on global hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism in response to the decompression in different time after sustained IAH with the underlying condition of SAP. The results of this study are in favor of a decompression in patients of SAP with IAH in early time.     

Haemodynamic changes during low-pressure carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum in young children

BACKGROUND: Both mechanical and pharmacological effects may contribute to the haemodynamic consequences of carbon dioxide (CO2) pneumoperitoneum. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the haemodynamic effects of low-pressure pneumoperitoneum [intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) 5 mmHg] in young children (< 3 years). METHODS: Thirteen children, aged 6-36 months, ASA physical status I-III, who were scheduled for laparoscopic fundoplication for gastro-oesophageal reflux were investigated in the head-up position (10 degrees ). Noninvasive thoracic electrical bioimpedance cardiac index (CI), stroke volume index (SVI), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) were recorded, together with PetCO2 and PaCO2 at five time points: before insufflation, 20, 35 and 70 min after start of CO2 insufflation and 12 min after desufflation. During insufflation, minute ventilation was not adjusted and the IAP was maintained at 5 mmHg. RESULTS: During insufflation, PetCO2 increased from 29 +/- 4 to 37 +/- 5 mmHg (P < 0.001) and PaCO2 increased from 31 +/- 4 to 39 +/- 5 mmHg (P < 0.01). CI increased from 2.39 +/- 0.86 to 2.92 +/- 0.94 l x min-1 x m2 (P < 0.01), HR increased from 108 +/- 10 to 126 +/- 22 b x min-1 (P < 0.01), MAP increased from 52 +/- 10 to 63 +/- 9 (P < 0.05) and PIP increased from 16 +/- 3 to 18 +/- 3 cm H2O (P < 0.001). There were no changes in SVI and arterial oxygen saturation. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that low-pressure CO2 pneumoperitoneum (with IAPs not exceeding 5 mmHg) for laparoscopic fundoplication in infants and children does not decrease their cardiac index.     

不同气腹压条件下腹腔镜胆囊摘除术患者血流动力学的变化

目的观察不同气腹条件下腹腔镜胆囊摘除术患者的血流动力学变化,旨在为腔镜手术探索合适的气腹压力。方法 60例择期行腹腔镜胆囊摘除术患者随机分为Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组,每组30例。Ⅰ组患者术中设定气腹压1.46～1.59kpa,Ⅱ组患者术中设定气腹压为1.06～1.20kpa。采用flotrac/vigileo心排血量监护系统分别观察气腹前(T0)、气腹后10min(T1)、30min(T2)和放气后10min(T3)患者的MAP、HR、PETCO2、心输血量(CO)、心脏指数(CI)、和气道压(Ppeak)等指标。结果 T1、T2时两组患者MAP、PETCO2、Ppeak、CO、CI明显高于、HR明显快于T0时(P<0.05),且Ⅰ组明显高于和快于Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。结论在腹腔镜胆囊摘除术中采用flotrac/vigileo心排血量监护系统监测及时提供可靠依据,提高了腹腔镜手术安全性。     

右旋美托咪啶对老年腹腔镜手术患者围手术期应激状态及麻醉质量的影响

目的:评价持续输注右旋美托咪啶对老年腹腔镜手术患者围手术期应激状态及麻醉质量的影响。方法:选择拟行腹腔镜手术的老年患者120例,采用随机数字表法,随机分为对照组(C组,n=60)与右旋美托咪啶组(D组,n=60)。D组麻醉诱导前10 min静脉持续输注右旋美托咪啶0.3μg.kg-1.h-1至手术结束,C组以相同速率静脉输注等容量生理盐水。术中维持BIS值40～50,呼气末二氧化碳分压(PETCO2)维持在35～45 mmHg,CO2气腹压力维持在10～13 mmHg。手术结束前20 min停止所有麻醉药物,术毕连接PCIA送入苏醒室。记录患者麻醉诱导前(T0)、气管插管时(T1)、气腹后10 min(T2)、术毕(T3)、拔管即刻(T4)的MAP、HR、SPO2,同时测定血浆去甲肾上腺素(NE)、血糖(GLU)、血浆皮质醇(Cor)浓度;记录患者麻醉时间、气腹时间、拔管时间、患者术后不良反应及拔管后10 min术后疼痛Prince-Henry评分等。结果:两组患者气腹时间、麻醉时间、拔管时间及Prince-Henry评分等指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与T0相比,两组患者T1～T4时MAP、HR及血NE、GLU、Cor均升高(P<0.05),尤以T2时HR、GLU、Cor升高为著(P<0.01);与C组相比,D组T1～T4时HR及血GLU、Cor均显著降低(P<0.05);术后不良反应等亦显著降低(P<0.05)。结论:持续输注右旋美托咪啶可合理控制老年腹腔镜手术患者围手术期应激反应,减少术后并发症,提高麻醉质量。     

腹腔高压对急性坏死性胰腺炎血流动力学影响的动物实验研究

目的 评价腹腔高压状态对急性坏死性胰腺炎模型猪血流动力学的影响.方法 在12只家猪胰管内注射含5%牛磺胆酸钠和0.5%胰蛋白酶的生理盐水1 ml/kg,制作急性坏死性胰腺炎模型.模型随机分为两组(n=6),一组采用氮气气腹法制作30 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)腹腔高压模型,持续12 h(腹腔高压组);另一组未暴露于腹腔高压(胰腺炎组).利用动脉导管和血流导向气囊导管动态监测平均动脉压、心排血量、中心静脉压、肺动脉压、肺动脉楔压等血流动力学指标并行血气分析检查.观察腹腔高压对胰腺炎猪血流动力学的影响.结果 腹腔高压组1只猪在造模后11 h死亡,另11只持续观察12 h.与胰腺炎组相比,腹腔高压组在3、6和12 h时,心率、中心静脉压、平均肺动脉压和肺动脉楔压上升;12 h时心排血量、平均动脉压明显下降(P均<0.05).制模前两组气道峰压无差异,制模后腹腔高压组气道峰压在6 h和12 h时分别达(50.2±3.1)cmH2O(1 cmH2P=0.098 kPa)和(49.8±0.9)cmH2O,明显高于胰腺炎组(P<0.01).腹腔高压组6 h和12 h时的pH值、氧分压、中心静脉血氧饱和度及碱剩余较胰腺炎组明显下降,血乳酸和二氧化碳分压则明显上升(P均<0.05).结论 腹腔高压对急性坏死性胰腺炎模型猪的血流动力学产生明显影响,及时采用合适的方式减轻、解除腹腔高压是胰腺炎治疗的重要环节之一.

Abstract：

Objective To assess the effect of infra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) on hemodynamics of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) in porcine model. Methods Following baseline registrations, SAP was induced in 12 animals. The N2 pneumoperitoneum was used to increase the intra-abdominal pressure to 30 mmHg (1 mmHg = 0. 133 kPa) in 6 of 12 SAP animals thereafter and keep constant during the experiment. The investigation period was 12 h. Heart rate, cardiac output (CO), central venous pressure (CVP) , mean arterial pressure and pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP)were continuously measured with the aid of balloon tipped flow-directed catheter and electrocardiography monitor. Oxygen partial pressure of artery (PaO2) , carbon dioxide partial pressure of artery (PaCO2) , ScvO2, base excess (BE) , and blood lactic acid (LAC) were measured by acid-base analysis. Results In the IAH group, CO decreased significantly at 12 h, CVP and PAWP increased significantly at 3 h, 6 h and 12 h compared with SAP group (all P < 0. 05). Peak inspiration pressure increased immediately after pneumoperitoneum in the IAH group, to (50. 2±3. 1) cmH2O(1 cmH2O =0. 098 kPa) and (49. 8±0. 9) cmH2O at 6 h and 12 h respectively. The pH, PaO2, ScvO2 and BE showed a tendency to fall in the IAH group. PaCO2 and LAC were increased significantly in the IAH group (all P < 0. 05). Conclusions There were remarkable and relatively irreversible effects on global hemodynamics in response to sustained IAH of 12 h with the underlying condition of SAP. Abdominal decompression is beneficial for patients of SAP with IAH.     

Physiologic effects of pneumoperitoneum in adults with sickle cell disease undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (A case control study)

BACKGROUND: Many studies have demonstrated the adverse consequences of pneumoperitoneum. However, few studies have examined the physiologic effects of pneumoperitoneum in adults with sickle cell disease (SCD) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). METHODS: 60 ASA 1-capital PE, Cyrillic capital PE, Cyrillic patients, with cholelithiasis, scheduled for elective LC were allocated into two equal groups: group 1, normal patients without SCD (control group), and group 2, patients with SCD. The perioperative parameters of 30 SCD patients matched by age and sex to the 30 members of the non-sickler control group who underwent cholecystectomy were assessed. Study parameters (in the two groups) included heart rate (HR) per minute, mean blood pressure (MAP, mmHg), PETCO(2), and O(2) saturation (SpO(2)) at the following intervals: before induction of anesthesia in the supine position (all except PETCO(2)), after anesthesia and before CO(2) insufflations in the supine position, 15, 30, 45, 60 min after CO(2) insufflations in the anti-Trendelenburg position, at the end of CO(2) exsufflation in the supine position and 5 min after the end of CO(2) exsufflation in the supine position. Arterial blood gases, to measure pH, PaCO(2), and PaO(2), were determined after induction of anesthesia and before CO(2) insufflation in the supine position, then 30 min after CO(2) insufflations in the anti-Trendelenburg position, and 5 min after the end of CO(2) exsufflation in the supine position. Statistical significance was established at the p < 0.05 level. RESULTS: Induction of anesthesia produced a significant increase in HR in both groups. CO(2) insufflations led to an additional increase in HR and persisted till abdominal deflation. After CO(2) insufflations, MAP significantly increased from the baseline at 15, 30, 45, and 60 min, and just before deflation in the anti-Trendelenburg position. CO(2) insufflations led to a significant increase in end-tidal CO(2) (ETCO(2)) in the study groups, reaching a maximum level just before abdominal deflation in the anti-Trendelenburg position. Regarding SpO(2) and PaO(2), there were insignificant changes in the two study groups throughout the procedure. In group 2, none of the patients experienced vaso-occlusive crises or other SCD- related complications. CONCLUSION: This study proved the safety of LC in patients with SCD and cholelithiasis, and that they can tolerate the physiological effects of pneumoperitoneum as non-SCD adults.     

Arterial carbon dioxide markedly increases during diagnostic laparoscopy in portal hypertensive children

Several factors are responsible for hypercarbia during laparoscopic procedures. This study was undertaken because we observed a sudden increase in PaCO(2) in children with portal hypertension (PHT), which was unusual in healthy children undergoing laparoscopic procedures. Fifty-seven children underwent laparoscopic procedures under general anesthesia and were mechanically ventilated. Arterial blood samples were obtained 5 min after intubation (T(0)), 15 min and 30 min after CO(2) pneumoperitoneum (T(15) and T(30)), 5 min after desufflation (T(end)), and 10 min after extubation (T(ext)) for blood gas analysis. The changes in PaCO(2), pH, and ETCO(2) were statistically significant during the study periods in both groups (P < 0.05). The percentage of PaCO(2) increase between T(0) and T(15) was 11.5% and 20.1%, respectively, in the control group and the PHT group (P < 0.05). This increase reached 36.8% at T(30) in the PHT group, whereas the control group had a 17.2% increase (P < 0.05). ETCO(2) presented similar changes. The variability in base excess, bicarbonate, PaO(2), arterial oxygen saturation, and SpO(2) was not significant in either group (P > 0.05). The PaCO(2) increased remarkably in children with PHT undergoing laparoscopy, with no difference in intrahepatic or extrahepatic origin. Limiting the duration of CO(2) pneumoperitoneum and intraabdominal pressure and adjusting ventilatory variables to accommodate hypercarbia are of the utmost importance for such cases. IMPLICATIONS: We compared children with portal hypertension with systemically healthy children during laparoscopy. The increase in arterial and end-tidal CO(2) was remarkable in children with portal hypertension, regardless of bicarbonate changes. Managing ventilation to accommodate hypercarbia is of the utmost importance for such cases.