原发性闭角型青光眼的出生顺序分析

目的分析原发性闭角型青光眼（primary angle closure glaucoma,PACG）患者的出生顺序效应,探讨环境因素及遗传因素与PACG的关系.方法应用Greenwood-Yule和Haldane-Smith的出生顺序方法,对来自复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院的200例PACG患者以及18例同胞患者进行出生顺序研究.结果Greenwood法分析结果显示,出生顺序为1～3的子代中PACG患者实际分布大于期望分布,而出生较晚的子代中则实际分布小于期望分布,提示PACG多发生于出生较早的子代.Haldane法结果显示,∑6A实际值为3 310,∑6A期望值为3 610,两者相差两个标准差（S=121.91）以上,且有统计学差异,进一步提示PACG同出生顺序有关,且出生顺序越早越容易发生PACG.结论PACG的发生与出生顺序有关,好发于出生顺序较早的个体.     

2001-2004年3842例新生HBsAg携带情况调查

目的调查入校新生血清乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)携带情况。方法2001~2004年新生3842人,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清HBsAg。结果3842名新生中,HBsAg阳性123例(3.2%)。2001级男生(5.9%)HBsAg阳性率高于女生(1.9%,Ρ<0.05);2002级男生(4.3%)和女生(2.8%)HBsAg阳性率无显著差异(P>0.05);2003级男生HBsAg阳性率(6.8%)高于女生(1.8%,P<0.001);2004级男生HBsAg阳性率(5.6%)与女生(2.8%)比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。各年级之间以及不同出生年份新生HBsAg阳性率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论对HBsAg阴性新生接种乙肝疫苗,降低乙肝表面抗原携带率是必要的。     

广西隆安县HBsAg与原发性肝癌家系调查研究

目的探讨广西隆安县不同家系人群HBsAg与原发性肝癌的关系。方法采用以先证者为基础的家系调查方法,根据先证者血清HBsAg检测结果和患肝癌情况,将先证者为HBsAg(+)肝癌患者的家系成员定为HBsAg(+)的肝癌组(A组),根据1∶1的匹配原则,从本村屯中选择HBsAg(+)的非肝癌及HBsAg(-)的非肝癌作为先证者调查家系成员,分别组成HBsAg(+)的非肝癌组为B组,HBsAg(-)的非肝癌组为C组。对3组先证者的一级、二级亲属进行肝癌患病情况调查,同时用ELISA法检测其HBsAg。结果 3组共调查42个家系778名家族成员,共采得血液标本246人份。HBsAg阳性率为38.62%(95/246),肝癌发病率为8.74%(68/778)。A组、B组、C组中,组内一级、二级亲属HBsAg阳性率比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05);A组、B组内肝癌发病率一级亲属显著高于二级亲属(P均<0.05);C组内一、二级亲属肝癌发病率均差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3组间HBsAg阳性率和肝癌发病率差异均有统计学意义(P<均0.01),A、B组HBsAg阳性率高于C组(P<0.01),A组肝癌发病率高于B、C组(P<0.01)。结论先证者为HBsAg(+)且患肝癌的家系成员是HBV感染及肝癌发生的高危人群,要注意接种乙肝疫苗及预防肝癌发生。     

延边地区HLA-A rs3132682位点与肝癌易感性的关系

目的 探讨基因HLA-A rs3132682的单核苷酸多态性与肝癌发病风险的关系。方法 选择延边地区291例肝癌患者为实验组,另选健康人272例为对照组,通过病例对照研究方法进行研究。利用MassARRAY SNPS质谱法检测两位点的基因型及等位基因分布频率。通过非条件Logistic回归计算比值比(OR)及95%可信区间(CI),评估携带不同基因型人群发生肝癌的风险度。结果 HLA-A rs3132682位点包括G和C两种等位基因,GG、GC和CC基因型;在HLA-A rs3132682位点中校正混杂因素后,经非条件Logistic回归分析,与携带GG基因型人群相比,携带CC基因型人群与患肝癌风险有明显相关性(P<0.05)。分层分析显示：与携带CG+GG基因型人群相比,携带CC基因型朝鲜族人群增加3.331倍肝癌患病风险。结论 HLA-A rs3132682位点单核苷酸多态性与延边地区患肝癌风险存在明显相关性。     

肝组织石蜡切片中乙型肝炎表面抗原的检测及其形态学和结构的观察

1963年Blumberg氏发现“澳大利亚抗原”,1969年确定了它与乙型肝炎的关系,1972年由世界卫生组织建议改称为乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)。近年的研究证实,长期被测出携带HBsAg者,均患有慢性活动性肝炎或肝硬化。另外有许多作者报告,肝癌病例的HBsAg检出率是高的。国内对肝癌病人和健康人也做了大量的对照检测工作,认为乙型肝炎病毒与慢性肝炎,肝癌的发生、发展似有一定的联系,并发现肝硬化和肝癌患者及HBsAg携带     

乙肝病毒感染不同阶段血清HBsAg定量值及其与HBV DNA水平和年龄的相关性

目的 研究未经抗病毒治疗干预的慢性乙肝病毒(HBV)感染不同阶段血清乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)定量值的特点及其与血清HBV DNA水平和年龄的相关性.方法 收集564例未经抗病毒治疗的慢性HBV感染者血清,分为6组:慢性HBV携带65例,非活动性HBsAg携带164例,e抗原(HBeAg)阳性慢性乙型肝炎171例,HBeAg阴性慢性乙型肝炎74例,HBeAg阳性乙肝肝硬化42例,HBeAg阴性乙肝肝硬化48例.采用微粒子化学发光法检测HBsAg定量值,荧光PCR定量法检测血清HBV DNA水平.结果 慢性HBV携带、HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎、HBeAg阴性慢性乙型肝炎、非活动性HBsAg携带、HBeAg阴性肝硬化和HBeAg阳性肝硬化6组的血清HBsAg定量值依次下降,其中位数分别为:4.71(3.71 ～5.31)、4.04(2.45 ～ 5.22)、3.50(2.68 ～4.43)、3.34(1.38 ～4.37)、3.25(1.85 ～3.88)和3.15(2.51 ～3.92) lgIU/mL,6组间比较差异有统计学意义(x2=263.0,P＜0.001).总慢性HBV感染者(非活动性HBsAg携带者除外)的HBsAg与HBV DNA呈正相关(r=0.719,P＜0.001),总慢性HBV感染者的HBsAg与年龄呈负相关(r=-0.397,P＜0.001).年龄均＞40岁的非活动性HBsAg携带与HBeAg阴性慢性乙型肝炎两组HBsAg定量值的差异有统计学意义(Z=-3.783,P＜0.001),区分两组的HBsAg定量临界值为3.29 lgIU/mL.结论 慢性HBV感染不同阶段的HBsAg定量值不同;血清HBsAg定量值与血清HBV DNA水平及年龄相关;HB sAg定量值是预测年龄＞40岁的非活动性HBsAg携带是否发展为HBeAg阴性慢性乙型肝炎的重要指标.     

胰腺癌和原发性肝癌组织中HBVDNA原位杂交的研究

目的研究胰腺癌和肝癌组织HBVDNA状况及其病因学意义.方法51例胰腺癌和37例肝癌手术切除标本经10.0%福尔马林固定后常规制作石蜡包埋切片,HBVDNA染色方法为原位杂交法.结果16例胰腺癌(31.4%)HBVDNA阳性,阳性病例血清HBsAg均阳性;28例肝癌(75.6%)HBVDNA阳性,阳性病例AFP值阳性率及肝硬化程度明显地高于阴性病例,HBVDNA与胰腺癌和肝癌其他临床病理特征无明显关系.结论HBV感染除与肝癌发生密切相关外,也可能是胰腺癌发生的一个重要致癌因素.     

Study on the Relationship Between HBsAg and Primary Hepatic Carcinoma Based on the Analysis of the Family Pedigree in Longan County,Guangxi

目的 探讨广西隆安县不同家系人群HBsAg与原发性肝癌的关系.方法 采用以先证者为基础的家系调查方法,根据先证者血清HBsAg检测结果和患肝癌情况,将先证者为HBsAg(+)肝癌患者的家系成员定为HBsAg(+)的肝癌组(A组),根据1:1的匹配原则,从本村屯中选择HBsAg(+)的非肝癌及HBsAg(-)的非肝癌作为先证者调查家系成员,分别组成HBsAg(+)的非肝癌组为B组,HBsAg(-)的非肝癌组为C组.对3组先证者的一级、二级亲属进行肝癌患病情况调查,同时用ELISA法检测其HBsAg.结果 3组共调查42个家系778名家族成员,共采得血液标本246人份.HBsAg阳性率为38.62%(95/246),肝癌发病率为8.74%(68/778).A组、B组、C组中,组内一级、二级亲属HBsAg阳性率比较差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05);A组、B组内肝癌发病率一级亲属显著高于二级亲属(P均＜0.05);C组内一、二级亲属肝癌发病率均差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).3组间HBsAg阳性率和肝癌发病率差异均有统计学意义(P＜均0.01),A、B组HBsAg阳性率高于C组(P＜0.01),A组肝癌发病率高于B、C组(P＜0.01).结论 先证者为HBsAg(+)且患肝癌的家系成员是HBV感染及肝癌发生的高危人群,要注意接种乙肝疫苗及预防肝癌发生.     

乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原携带者队列前瞻性研究在肝癌发生发展中的意义

目的：研究定期随访乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原（HBsAg)携带者队列在肝癌发生中的病因学和临床意义。方法：在肝癌高发区,对HBsAg携带的744人和相应的HBsAg阴性的895人进行了8年3个月的前瞻性随访观察,同时建立血清库和进行详细的个人史调查。结果：（1）HBsAg阳性组年平均肝癌发生率为177．29／10万,高于HBsAg阴性组的69．53／10万,相对危险度为16．93,两组差异有非常显著意义（P＜0．01）。其他肿瘤两组间差异无显著意义（P＞0．05）。（2）个人史调查结果提示,发生肝炎到诊断肝癌的平均时间为14．5年,中位时间13年;肝硬化到诊断肝癌的平均时间为6．4年,中位时间5．5年。（3）肝癌患者较差的经济状况,长期饮酒、吸烟,曾患肝病与慢性胃肠道疾病以及肝癌家属史均高于非肝癌组（P＜0．001）,其他的个人嗜好、生活史、疾病史及家属史两组间差异无显著意义（P＞0．05）。（4）前瞻队列中发现的肝癌患者手术切除率（16．44％）及1年生存率（31．51％）均明显高于当地就诊肝癌患者（分别为8．7％、9．7％,P＜0．001）。结论：乙型肝炎病毒与肝癌发生密切相关;男性、年龄在20－60岁之间、HBsAg携带及／或有肝病史、家属肝癌史者,是肝癌的高危险人群。用甲胎蛋白测定结合B型超声检查定期随访,能使肝癌病人获得早期发现,明显提高疗效。     

血清抗-HBcIgM测定的临床应用价值探讨

采用ELISA双夹心法检测患者及健康人220例血清抗-HBcIgM。结果阳性率在HB患者中为78.8％,HA患者为阴性,原发性肝癌患者为60.0％,慢性HBsAg携带者为38.9％,献血员为3.4％;在HBsAg阳性与阴性HB患者中分别为78.8％与78.6％(P>0.05)。本文还通过血清抗-HBcIgM的检测对HB的诊断及鉴别诊断,供血员的筛选及肝癌的病因研究等价值作了讨论。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.