原发性干燥综合征肺部CT表现及临床意义

目的 探讨原发性干燥综合征(pSS)患者肺部CT表现及临床意义.方法 回顾性分析68例pSS患者肺部CT图像,观察各种病变的分布特征.用CT视觉评分方法定量分析肺内病变,并用二分类非条件Logistic回归分析探讨与pSS患者肺动脉高压(PAH)、抗SSB抗体阳性的关系.结果 68例pSS患者PAH 13例(19％),抗SSB抗体阳性25例(37％),肺部CT表现正常13例(19％),小叶间隔增厚、磨玻璃影、小叶内间质增厚在本组病例中出现的频率较高(＞40％).肺内病变分布具有周围分布、下肺分布为主的特点.小叶间隔增厚、囊性变与pSS患者PAH相关(OR=1.780、2.513,P＜0.05),囊性变与患者抗SSB抗体阳性有明显相关性(OR=10.530,P＜0.05).结论 肺部CT可以定量分析pSS肺损害的程度,并能为临床治疗及预后提供帮助.     

结缔组织病的肺部HRCT表现

目的评价结缔组织病肺部病变的HRCT表现。方法分析144例临床确诊为结缔组织病的肺部HRCT表现，观察病变的异常表现及分布特点。结果144例结缔组织病的肺部HRCT最常见异常表现为小叶间隔增厚（107例，74．3％）、胸膜病变（88例，61．1％）、磨玻璃密度影（65例，45．1％）、胸膜下线（49例，34．0％）；而蜂窝样变、心包病变最少见。肺内病变主要分布在下肺区、外周部。在RA、SLE、PM—DM二组间，小结节样影更常见于SLE（37．8％，P=0．003）。结论HRCT是评价结缔组织病肺部损害的敏感方法，对指导临床治疗、判断预后有重要价值。     

112例SARS急性期的X线和CT表现特征分析

经临床诊断的SARS病例112例,男43例,女69例,年龄范围16-82岁,平均年龄35岁。所有患者在发病后1周内均行胸部X线检查,22例同时行胸部CT扫描。结果:112例患者在发病早期最常见的影像学表现为斑片状磨玻璃影(胸片79.5％、CT 81.8％)和磨玻璃影与不规则实变或肉芽肿样病变的混合影(胸片分别为21.4％和14.％、CT分别为45.5％和27.3％)。病灶多位于中下叶(70.9％)并呈外周分布(69％)。CT可见其他改变包括小叶内间隔和小叶间隔增厚(即碎石路样改变)(36.4％)、细支气管扩     

食管癌术后急性呼吸窘迫综合征的螺旋 CT 表现

目的：总结食管癌术后急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ ARDS）的螺旋CT表现。方法回顾性分析19例行食管癌术后发生ARDS患者的螺旋CT资料。结果食管癌术后ARDS病变分布以肺后下部为主,具有从上到下、从前到后逐渐增多、加重的趋势;19例患者中,16例表现为以下叶为主的双肺多发病变,3例病变位于双肺下叶;13例表现为双肺多发磨玻璃密度影合并片状实变影,其中伴支气管充气征6例,亚段或肺段不张5例,一叶性肺不张2例;4例仅表现为双肺多发磨玻璃密度影;2例表现为双肺多发实变影,其中伴支气管充气征1例;小叶间隔、支气管血管束增厚5例;继发局限性或弥漫性肺气肿9例,合并胸腔积液17例、气胸3例。结论食管癌术后ARDS的螺旋CT主要表现为以下叶为主的双肺多发磨玻璃密度影合并片状实变影。     

继发性初治涂阳与涂阴活动性肺结核CT影像对比分析

目的探讨初治涂阳与涂阴活动性肺结核的CT影像特征。方法收集2008年住院治疗的初治涂阳与涂阴肺结核各100例,对比观察两组CT征象的异同点以诊断活动性肺结核有价值的征象。结果小叶中心结节、磨玻璃影、树芽征、空洞征、气道壁增厚、亚段以上实变,涂阳组／涂阴组CT检出率依次为：91％／81％、65％／32％、59％／40％、55％／13％、52％／31％、38％／15％、（P〈0．05）,小叶样实变、小叶间内质异常两组为75％／63％、28％／17％,（P〉0．05）;涂阴肺结核病变累及单叶肺为主,涂阳组以多叶受累为主（P〈0．01）;涂阳组各种征象的检出率均明显高于涂阴组。结论涂阴与涂阳活动性肺结核的CT征象没有质的区别,但有量的差异,并需结合临床。     

儿童肺炎支原体肺炎的CT表现

目的了解儿童肺炎支原体肺炎（MPP）的肺CT改变。方法研究2011年1—8月在我科住院,经CT及实验室检查确诊MPP的60例患者;按年龄分为婴幼儿组（0—3岁）,年长儿组（3—16岁）,每组30例。回顾性分析两组患者的临床、实验室特点及肺CT改变。结果儿童MPP肺CT特点主要为：病变范围广泛,常累及多个肺叶,可引起单侧或双侧的病变,其中婴幼儿更易引起双肺炎症改变,炎症以双肺下叶多见。主要特征性CT改变为：①支气管壁增粗,其中年长儿组比例高于婴幼儿组,分别为90．0％及66．7％（P〈0．05）;②沿着支气管分布的磨玻璃影（树权征）,年长儿组及婴幼儿组患儿均有较大比例的支气管周围为主型磨玻璃影改变,分别为60．0％及70％（P〉0．05）;③磨玻璃影中弥散分布的结节影,年长儿组及婴幼儿组比例分别为40．0％及46．7％（P〉0．05）;④实变影,年长儿组及婴幼儿组比例均为50％。结论肺CT对儿童MPP的早期诊断及治疗有一定意义。     

高分辨CT扫描技术在肺间质性病变中的应用价值

目的 探讨高分辨CT扫描技术,对肺间质性病变的诊断价值.方法 采用Philips MX8000 Dual 螺旋CT机对30例肺间质性病变患者,行高分辨CT技术扫描.结果 高分辨CT可清晰显示肺间质性病变的各种征象,肺间质性病变的高分辨CT主要表现为:(1)磨玻璃样密度影;(2)肺小叶间隔增厚;(3)小叶内间质增生;(4)网格状影;(5)胸膜下弧线影;(6)蜂窝肺;(7)牵拉支气管扩张;(8)胸膜增厚.病变分布以两肺中外带、胸膜下为主,病灶自肺尖向肺底逐渐加重,两肺基底部病变明显.结论 高分辨CT扫描具有良好的空间分辨率,能细致、准确地反映肺间质病变的影像特征,对肺间质性病变具有重要的诊断价值.     

84消毒剂所致吸入性肺损伤的影像表现及二例动态转归

报道2例接触84消毒剂后所致吸入性肺损伤的患者,临床主要表现为胸闷气喘、刺激性干咳等无特异性症状,胸部CT具有特征性表现,结合病史有助于诊断。超急性期（24 h内）CT表现为小叶间隔增厚,弥漫分布的磨玻璃影,呈重力分布,类似于肺水肿改变。急性期CT表现为具有特征性的“小环征”。恢复期CT表现为“小环征”消失以及低垂部位...     

肺癌肺内转移的多形性CT影像表现

目的评价肺癌肺内转移在CT影像上的各种形态表现。方法194例病例，其中男106例，女88例，平均45岁。原发肿瘤包括鳞癌56例（28．9％），腺癌107例（55．2％），小细胞肺癌26例（13．4％），腺鳞癌5例（2．6％）。结果肺癌肺内血行转移主要以实性结节最为常见，其少见影像可表现为空洞转移、磨玻璃转移、转移病灶边缘毛糙和/或胸膜凹陷征以及转移灶内可见含气支气管气像，并主要见于肺腺癌；淋巴道转移表现为支气管血管柬不规则结节状增厚。小叶间隔增厚呈串珠状或胸膜下多角形细线结构。结论肺癌肺内转移可呈多形性影像表现。     

严重急性呼吸综合征康复患者出院后随访CT分析

目的研究严重急性呼吸综合征（SARS）康复患者肺部残留病灶的CT表现及其转归。方法83例临床治愈患者出院1个月后进行X线胸片和CT检查，对肺部有病灶的病例间隔2个月后再次复查X线胸片和CT．对两次随访检查结果进行对比并分析肺部残留病灶与SARS类型的关系。结果30．1％（25／83）病例肺部存在残留病灶．CT表现包括磨玻璃影6例，网状影5例，片状影3例，索条影2例．磨玻璃影和卜述其他病灶混合影9例，2个月后复查除两例外均有不同程度吸收；SARS重型病例肺部残留病灶比例（36．8％）高于普通型（15．4％），两者差异有统计学意义。结论部分临床治愈SARS患者肺部仔在残留病灶，CT表现以磨玻璃影、网状影为主．SARS重型病例肺部残留病灶比例高于普通型，这些病灶经治疗大部分有不同程度吸收。     

Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia associated with polymyositis and dermatomyositis: serial high-resolution CT findings and functional correlation

STUDY OBJECTIVES: We described the features seen on serial high-resolution CT scans of nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) that was associated with polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM), and we correlated the changes in the CT scan findings with those of pulmonary function test results. Design, setting and patients: Serial CT scans of 14 patients with histologically proven NSIP and PM/DM from two university hospitals were evaluated retrospectively (follow-up period, 3 to 61 months; mean follow-up period, 27.6 months). Using initial and follow-up CT scan findings, the extent of each type of opacity and the total area of increased opacity were calculated and correlated with the results of pulmonary function tests. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: The predominant findings on the initial CT scans were of reticular and/or ground-glass opacities with or without consolidation. Reticular and ground-glass opacities predominated in the lower zone of each lung, and consolidation predominated at the lung periphery. Thirteen patients showed significant improvement of the total area of increased opacity (p < 0.05), and this decrease in extent inversely correlated with changes in FVC (r = -0.650; p = 0.031). Ground-glass and reticular opacities also were improved significantly in 11 and 13 patients, respectively. The decrease in the extent of ground-glass opacity correlated inversely with the changes in FVC (r = -0.758; p = 0.0119) and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (r = -0.669; p = 0.0448). In one patient, ground-glass opacity progressed, and death occurred after 3 months. Traction bronchiectasis was seen in 12 patients, and it improved in four patients after treatment. Honeycomb lung was not noted in any patient during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: With treatment, serial CT scans of PM/DM patients with NSIP showed significant improvement in the abnormal opacities, and radiographic progression of lung fibrosis was limited. The CT scan features and clinical course of NSIP in PM/DM patients were relatively uniform, and this constitutes a subset of NSIP.     

肺孢子菌肺炎31例临床分析

目的探讨研究肺孢子菌肺炎患者的临床特点、影像学表现及治疗方法。方法分析在我院诊断的肺孢子菌肺炎的31例患者的临床资料。结果 31例患者中HIV/AIDS患者28例,非AIDS患者3例,其中男性22例,女9例,年龄23~75岁。主要临床表现为咳嗽,气促者28例(90.3%),发热25例(80.6%),咳痰17例(54.8%),乏力,纳差15例(48.3%),胸痛8例(25.8%),腹泻4例(12.9%),反复皮疹3例(9.6%)。3例患者行无创通气,1例因严重肺部感染,低氧血症,行有创机械通气。31例患者胸部CT均表现为典型的双肺弥漫性磨玻璃影,所有患者均选用复方磺胺甲基异噁唑治疗,对吸空气时血氧分压PaO2低于70 mmHg患者给予激素治疗。结论当AIDS患者或免疫抑制患者出现发热,咳嗽,呼吸困难,低氧血症,其胸部CT提示典型的双肺弥漫性磨玻璃影,需考虑PCP的可能,但其病原学检查困难,治疗以复方磺胺甲基异噁唑及激素治疗为主。     

Thoracic manifestation of Churg-Strauss syndrome: radiologic and clinical findings

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To describe the radiologic and clinical findings of Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) and its thoracic manifestations. DESIGN: We used retrospective analysis to review and characterize the radiographic, thin-section CT, and clinical findings of CSS. PATIENTS: The study involved nine patients with CSS. The patients included four men and five women, whose ages ranged from 18 to 60 years (median, 35 years). Thin-section CT scans and chest radiographs were retrospectively analyzed by three radiologists in consensus. Clinical data were obtained by chart review. Histologic samples were available in eight patients. RESULTS: All patients had a history of asthma averaging 28 months (range, 4 to 72 months) prior to the initial symptom of vasculitis and marked peripheral blood eosinophilia (mean peak count, 8,726/microL; range, 3,000 to 32,000/microL; mean differential count, 41%; range, 19 to 67%). All patients had systemic vasculitis involving the lung and two to four extrapulmonary organs, most commonly the nervous system (n = 8) and skin (n = 7). Chest radiographs showed bilateral nonsegmental consolidation (n = 5), reticulonodular opacities (n = 3), bronchial wall thickening (n = 3), and multiple nodules (n = 1). The most common thin-section CT findings included bilateral ground-glass opacity (n = 9); airspace consolidation (n = 5), predominantly subpleural and surrounded by the ground-glass opacity; centrilobular nodules mostly within the ground-glass opacity (n = 8); bronchial wall thickening (n = 7); and increased vessel caliber (n = 5). Other findings were hyperinflation (n = 4), larger nodules (n = 4), interlobular septal thickening (n = 2), hilar or mediastinal lymph node enlargement (n = 4), pleural effusion (n = 2), and pericardial effusion (n = 2). CONCLUSIONS: In CSS, thoracic organs are invariably involved with additional diverse manifestations. The possibility of CSS should be raised in patients with a history of asthma and hypereosinophilia who present with thin-section CT findings of bilateral subpleural consolidation with lobular distribution, centrilobular nodules (especially within the ground-glass opacity) or multiple nodules, especially in association with bronchial wall thickening.     

结缔组织病肺间质病变的临床、影像和病理诊断

目的了解结缔组织病肺间质病变（connective tissue disease-interstitial lung disease,CTD-ILD）的临床、影像及病理学特征,探讨CTD-ILD影像学与病理类型间的相关性。方法通过高分辨计算机体层成像（high-resulution computed tomography,HRCT）技术了解132例弥漫性结缔组织病合并肺间质病变患者的肺间质病变影像学特点及分型,经皮肺穿刺活检技术进行肺间质病变病理分型。结果与系统性红斑狼疮（systemic lupuserythematosus,SLE）、多发性肌炎（polymyositis,PM）、系统性硬化症（systemic sclerosis,SSc）、类风湿关节炎（rheumatoid arthritis,RA）相比,原发性干燥综合征（primary Sj觟gren＇s syndrome,pSS）、皮肌炎（dermatomysitis,DM）、血管炎肺间质病变的呼吸道症状更明显。从影像学上看CTD-ILD表现多种多样：SLE以磨玻璃影多见,pSS以实变影多见,DM、PM、血管炎以实变影及毛玻璃影多见,SSc和RA以网格影多见。不同疾病肺间质病理类型有显著性差异,SLE、pSS、DM以非特异性肺间质炎（nonspecific interstitial pneumonia,NSIP）为主,SSc以寻常型肺间质炎（usual interstitial pneumonia,UIP）为主。病理类型NISP在影像学上多表现为毛玻璃样实变病变,UIP则更多表现为网格样蜂窝样病变,与其他影像学表现比较有统计学差异（P〈0.05）。用力肺活量和一氧化碳弥散能力下降在病种、影像学及病理改变上均无统计学差异。结论HRCT对诊断CTD-ILD有高敏感性及特异性,影像学改变可帮助临床医生推测其组织病理类型,便于随访和疗效的评价,减少肺活检的危险,是目前诊断CTD-ILD的重要手段。     

原发性结节肿块型肺黏液腺癌的CT表现与病理基础

目的分析原发性结节肿块型肺黏液腺癌的CT表现、随访变化，以提高对本病的认识。 方法分析80例经病理证实的原发性结节肿块型肺黏液腺癌患者的病理、临床及影像资料。患者均行胸部CT检查，其中57例患者行胸部CT平扫+增强检查，8例有间隔时间2周以上的随访CT。分析病灶影像学征象及动态CT随访变化。 结果微浸润肺黏液腺癌7例，浸润性肺黏液腺癌73例。单发病灶78例，多原发病灶2例。混杂磨玻璃结节20例，实性病灶60例。69例(86.2%)位于胸膜下，49例(61.2%)位于肺下叶。占比50%以上的征象有：类圆形46例、瘤肺界面清楚毛糙45例，分叶征70例、磨玻璃征43例。平扫病灶密度均低于肌肉，轻度强化19例，中度强化30例，明显强化8例，17例病灶内可见无强化的液性区域，血管造影征15例。CT动态随访变化多样，可短期保持稳定或迅速增长，或短期内实性成分减少而磨玻璃成分增多，或长期保持不变或缓慢增长。 结论原发性结节肿块型肺黏液腺癌好发于双肺下叶及胸膜下，多呈类圆形、瘤肺界面清楚毛糙，多伴有分叶征及磨玻璃征，以轻中度强化为主。CT动态随访变化多样。结合病灶的HRCT征象、CT增强及随访变化对诊断肺黏液腺癌有一定意义。     

A case of stage I adenocarcinoma of the lung complicated with inflammatory lesions with an 8-year clinical course before surgery; CT and pathological correlations]

A nodular shadow near left hilum of lung was detected by chest radiography in November 1993 in a 79-year-old woman with hypertension and diabetes. Chest radiography in April 2001 revealed growth of the shadow. Chest CT showed a localized ground-glass opacity in the periphery of the lesion shadow. The resected specimen showed that the nodular shadow was papillary adenocarcinoma and the localized ground-glass opacity indicated the presence of inflammatory lesions. The pathological stage was stage I. Our case was a rare adenocarcinoma complicated with inflammatory changes including a granuloma that appeared 8 years later.     

Pulmonary T-cell lymphoma with pulmonary arterial hypertension

We report on a 73-year-old man with systemic lymphadenopathy and chest computed tomography (CT) findings of bilateral diffuse ground-glass opacities and interlobular septal thickening. He also had pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Several lymph node biopsies were attempted, without a definitive diagnosis. A thoracoscopic lung biopsy was performed, and the specimen was diagnosed as peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS). Lymphoma cells had invaded lung vessels, resulting in PAH. We should include pulmonary lymphoma in the differential diagnosis of patients with PAH and chest CT findings of diffuse ground-glass opacities and interlobular septal thickening.     

2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者的病情及冠状动脉病变特征探讨

目的：探讨2型糖尿病（T2DM）合并冠心病（CHD）的病情及冠状动脉病变特征.方法：以2010年5月至2013年6月在我院经冠状动脉造影确诊为CHD的246例患者为研究对象,按是否合并T2DM分为T2DM合并CHD组（108例）和CHD组（138例）,询问患者病史并检测相关生化指标,所有患者均行冠状动脉造影及床边心电图检查.结果：与CHD组比较,T2DM合并CHD组患者血压,血脂异常发生率,血总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯浓度,空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖,血半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C浓度均显著升高（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）,而胸痛（87.7％比59.3％）发生率显著降低（P＜0.01）;T2DM合并CHD组患者室性心律失常（20.3％比32.4％）及传导阻滞（5.8％比14.8％）发生率显著升高（P均＜0.05）,三支病变率（19.6％比50.0％）、弥漫性病变率（37.0％比59.3％）也明显升高（P均＜0.01）.结论：2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者具有冠状动脉病变更广泛、严重,代谢异常及心律失常更严重,而胸痛较少的特征.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎130例CT分布特点及征象研究

目的探讨2019新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)影像学表现。方法根据纳入标准和排除标准收集2020年1月20日至2月5日来自全国多家医院确诊COVID-19病例130例,按分布特点进行分型,分析其影像学特征。结果(1)分布:单侧14例(10.7%),双侧116例(89.3%);胸膜下型(102例78.4%),小叶核心型99例(76.1%),弥漫型8例(6.1%);(2)数目:单发病灶9例(6.9%),多发病灶113例(86.9%),弥漫8例(6.1%);(3)密度:仅为磨玻璃影(GGO)70例(53.8%),GGO与实变影兼有60例(46.2%);(3)伴随征象:血管增粗100例(76.9%),胸膜平行征98例(75.3%),"细网格征"100例(76.9%),"晕征"13例(10%),"反晕征"6例(4.6%),3例胸腔积液(2.3%),2例肺气囊(1.5%)。未见空洞。35患者行CT复查,21例(60%)好转,14例(40%)加重。结论COVID-19影像学特点主要以胸膜下及小叶核心分布为主,两者均可融合成片,重症者发展为双肺弥漫;最有价值的特征是"胸膜平行征";恢复期表现为边缘收缩的实变影,支气管扩张,胸膜下线或纤维条索影。     

Associations between Chest CT Abnormalities and Clinical Features in Patients with the Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by the SFTS virus. It involves multiple organ systems, including the lungs. However, the significance of the lung involvement in SFTS remains unclear. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the clinical findings and abnormalities noted in the chest computed tomography (CT) of patients with SFTS. The medical records of 22 confirmed SFTS patients hospitalized in five hospitals in Nagasaki, Japan, between April 2013 and September 2019, were reviewed retrospectively. Interstitial septal thickening and ground-glass opacity (GGO) were the most common findings in 15 (68.1%) and 12 (54.5%) patients, respectively, and lung GGOs were associated with fatalities. The SFTS patients with a GGO pattern were elderly, had a disturbance of the conscious and tachycardia, and had higher c-reactive protein levels at admission (p = 0.009, 0.006, 0.002, and 0.038, respectively). These results suggested that the GGO pattern in patients with SFTS displayed disseminated inflammation in multiple organs and that cardiac stress was linked to higher mortality. Chest CT evaluations may be useful for hospitalized patients with SFTS to predict their severity and as early triage for the need of intensive care.