用比值结果探讨高脂血症与血清载脂蛋白含量的关系

目的用比值结果来探讨高脂血症患者血清载脂蛋白与各项血脂含量之间的关系.方法在全自动生化分析仪上用免疫比浊法测定671例高脂血症和262例健康人的血清ApoA Ⅰ、AⅡ、B、CⅡ、CⅢ、E含量,并用比值结果分析高脂血症患者Apo与TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C的关系.结果与对照组比较,高脂血症时,ApoA Ⅰ/APOAⅡ比值明显降低(P＜0.01).ApoCⅡ/ApoCⅢ、LDL-C/HDL-C、nHDL-C/HDL-C比值明显升高(P＜0.01).LDL-C/ApoB比值在高胆固醇血症组升高,高甘油三酯和混合型高脂血症组下降(P＜0.01).nHDL-C/ApoB比值高胆固醇血症组和混合型高脂血症组升高,高甘油三酯组降低.结论用比值结果分析血清载脂蛋白与血脂含量的变化,有助于阐明高脂血症的发病机理以及血脂代谢紊乱与冠心病和动脉粥样硬化等疾病的相关性.     

辛伐他汀对高胆固醇血症患者LDL-C/HDL-C和ApoB_(100)/ApoA_1比值的影响

目的:探讨辛伐他汀对高胆固醇血症患者低密度脂蛋白胆固醇与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的比值(LDL-C/HDL-C)和载脂蛋白B100与载脂蛋白A1的比值(ApoB100/ApoA1)的影响。方法:168例高胆固醇患者每晚顿服辛伐他汀10mg共8周,比较服药前后胆固醇(CH)、血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、载脂蛋白B100(ApoB100)、载脂蛋白A1(ApoA1)水平变化,以及LDL-C/HLD-C及ApoB100/ApoA1比值的变化。结果:用药后TC、TG分别下降15.2%和11.4%(P<0.01),LDL-C和ApoB100分别下降26.2%和19.5%(P<0.01),HDL-C和ApoA1分别升高6.2%(P<0.05)和15.5%(P<0.01),LDL-C/HDL-C和ApoB100/ApoA1比值明显下降(P<0.01)。结论:辛伐他汀能明显降低LDL-C/HDL-C和ApoB100/ApoA1比值,降低冠心病风险。     

原发性高血压与载脂蛋白CⅢ-455 C基因量的关系

目的 探讨载脂蛋白CⅢ(ApoCⅢ)-455区域T-C的改变及ApoCⅢ-455C基因量的不同与原发性高血压的关系.方法 选取606例研究对象,分为原发性高血压组(306例)和非原发性高血压组(300例).2组中再按照其是否伴有高甘油三酯血症(TG≥1.69 mmol/L),分为原发性高血压伴高甘油三酯血症亚组90例(A组)、原发性高血压不伴高甘油三酯血症亚组216例(B组)、单纯高甘油三酯血症组51例(C组)和非原发性高血压非高甘油三酯血症亚组249例(D组).应用实时定量PCR法测定ApoCⅢ-455C基因的含量.所有研究对象均测定血浆总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白A(ApoA)、载脂蛋白B100(ApoB100)、ApoCⅢ、载脂蛋白E(ApoE)、血糖和血浆胰岛素,并测量腰围.结果 B组与D组ApoCⅢ-455C基因的含量差异无统计学意义(45.16±5.97与46.21±6.13,P>0.05).A组与B组比较,血浆ApoCⅢ、ApoB100和ApoCⅢ-455C基因的含量明显增高(0.14±0.03)g/L、(95.00±15.69)g/L、28.13±4.11与(0.09±0.03)g/L、(81.22±11.87)g/L、45.16±5.97(P均<0.01)],血浆LDL-C[(2.54±0.61)mmol/L与(2.15±0.41)mmol/L]和ApoE[(0.05±0.01)g/L与(0.04±0.01)g/L]也明显增高(P均<0.05).结论 ApocⅢT-455C基因的量与原发性高血压无关.     

糖尿病血管并发症患者血清ApoA1、ApoB检测水平及其比值分析

目的探讨血清载脂蛋白A1(ApoA1)、载脂蛋白B(ApoB)检测水平及ApoA1/ApoB比值在糖尿病(DM)血管并发症中的临床应用价值。方法对2014年8月至2015年8月间在邯郸市中医院内分泌科住院及门诊收治DM患者中49例无血管并发症(Ⅰ组),44例大血管并发症(Ⅱ组)、48例微血管并发症(Ⅲ组)、41例大血管和微血管并发症(Ⅳ组)和50例在体检中心进行健康体检者(正常组),测定各组空腹血糖(FBG)及总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、ApoA1和ApoB水平,比较正常组和Ⅰ组与其他组间指标变化,分析ApoA1、ApoB及ApoA1/ApoB比值与常规预测指标的相关性。结果Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组检测FBG、TC、TG、LDL-C和ApoB水平高于正常组,差异有统计学意义或高度统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01);检测HDL-C、ApoA1及ApoA1/ApoB比值低于正常组,比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组检测FBG、TC、TG、LDL-C和ApoB水平高于Ⅰ组,差异有统计学意义或高度统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01);检测HDL-C、ApoA1及ApoA1/ApoB比值低于Ⅰ组,比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。ApoA1及ApoA1/ApoB比值与FBG、TC、TG和LDL-C呈明显负相关,与HDL-C呈正相关。ApoB与FBG、TC、TG和LDL-C呈明显正相关,与HDL-C呈负相关。结论血清ApoA1、ApoB水平及ApoA1/ApoB比值变化可作为判断DM患者是否发生血管并发症的良好指标,ApoA1/ApoB比值对评价血管粥样硬化及心血管疾病方面较ApoA1、ApoB单项指标更有临床意义。     

缺血修饰清蛋白对高脂血症患者继发急性冠状动脉综合征的预警作用

目的探讨缺血修饰清蛋白(IMA)联合血脂指标对高脂血症患者继发急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)预警作用。方法对109例ACS患者、119例高脂血症患者和104例健康对照者进行血清IMA、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、载脂蛋白A1(ApoA1)、载脂蛋白B(ApoB)检测,计算TC/HDL-C、TG/HDL-C、LDL-C/HDL-C、ApoA1/ApoB比值。结果 ACS患者TC/HDL-C、ApoA1/ApoB和IMA水平与健康对照者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。高脂血症患者IMA水平与健康对照者比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但高脂血症患者随着TC/HDL-C比值升高血清IMA水平也升高。结论对于TC/HDL-C升高的TC、TG均升高的高脂血症患者,若血清IMA水平也升高提示其具有继发ACS的危险性;血清IMA有可能成为评估ACS危险性的指标之一。     

部分血脂比值检测在冠状动脉硬化性心脏病患者中的临床价值

目的探讨部分血脂比值在冠状动脉硬化性心脏病患者中的临床价值。方法测定冠心病组和正常对照组患者的血中总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、载脂蛋白A1（ApoA1）、载脂蛋白B（ApoB）含量,计算TG/HDL-C、TC/HDL-C、LDL-C/HDL-C、ApoA1/ApoB比值,并作统计分析。结果冠心病组的TG、TG/HDL-C、TC/HDL-C、LDL-C/HDL-C显著高于正常对照组,HDL-C、ApoA1、ApoA1/ApoB显著低于正常对照组;冠心病组的单项血脂及血脂比值异常率：ApoA1/ApoB（71%）、LDL-C/HDL-C（67%）、TG/HDL-C（62%）、TC/HDL-C（56%）、TG（34%）、ApoA1（27%）、HDL-C（21%）、ApoB（19%）、TC（16%）、LDL-C（15%）,各血脂比值的异常率均高于单项血脂的异常率。结论血脂比值对冠心病的早期预防和诊断有较大的临床价值,优于各单项血脂指标。     

亚临床甲状腺功能减退症患者血脂水平临床分析

目的探讨亚临床甲状腺功能减退症患者的血脂特点。方法亚临床甲减组90例,对照组84例,分别比较两组患者的年龄、身高、体重,血清游离三碘甲腺原氨酸、游离甲状腺素、促甲状腺素,血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白A(ApoA)、载脂蛋白B(ApoB)等。结果亚临床甲减组的TC、LDL-C显著高于对照组(P<0.01),TG、HDL-C、ApoA、ApoB无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论亚临床甲减患者存在明显脂代谢异常,血清TC及LDL-C升高。     

冠心病合并糖代谢紊乱患者载脂蛋白变化及其临床意义

[目的] 观察载脂蛋白在冠心病和冠心病合并糖代谢紊乱患者中的变化及其临床意义.[方法] 采用全自动生化分析仪检测冠脉造影正常者48例(A组)、冠心病120例(B组)、冠心病合并糖代谢紊乱85例(C组)的空腹血糖、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白A1 (ApoA1)、载脂蛋白B(ApoB)并计算ApoA1与ApoB的比值,并进行对比.[结果] B组及C组较A组HDL-C、ApoA1、ApoA1/ApoB明显下降(P<0.05),LDL-C、ApoB明显增高(P<0.05),C组较B组,HDL-C、ApoA1明显下降(P<0.01).[结论] 冠心病合并糖代谢紊乱患者较冠心病患者载脂蛋白紊乱更明显,主要表现为ApoA1下降,而ApoB无进一步变化.     

肾病综合征血脂和载脂蛋白变化及临床意义

目的了解肾病综合征(NS)患者血脂和载脂蛋白的变化及其对疾病转归的影响。方法用日立7060型全自动化分析仪测定血清胆固醇(CHO)(CHOD-PAP法)、甘油三酯(TG)(GPO-POD法)、载脂蛋白A(ApoA)和载脂蛋白B(ApoB)(免疫比浊法)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)(直接一步法)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)(按Friedewald公式计算)。结果241例肾综合患者血清CHO、TG、ApoA、ApoB、HDL-C和LDL-C水平较158例正常对照组显著升高。在给予激素和降脂治疗后,肾综患者血清CHO、TG、ApoB和LDL-C水平逐步下降,ApoA和HDL-C有一定程度的升高。结论提示临床上应注意对肾综患者血脂蛋白水平变化的监控,有助于对肾综的诊断及预后的判断,其血脂和载脂蛋白可作为辅助诊断肾综的生化指标。     

脑梗死与血脂关系的临床研究

目的探讨血脂变化与脑梗死的关系。方法选择41例脑梗死患者和37例健康对照组,测定血清中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),载脂蛋白A1(ApoA1)、载脂蛋白B(ApoB),血清脂蛋白α[Lp(α)]的变化,并进行比较。结果脑梗死组患者血清TG、TC和LDL-C、ApoB、Lp(α)均比对照组增高(P<0.05),HDL-C、ApoA1比对照组降低(P<0.01)。结论血脂变化与脑梗死有密切的关系,高水平Lp(α)可作为脑梗死患者的一个独立危险因素。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.