线分法与行为偏侧忽略的相关性研究

目的 研究线分法与行为偏侧忽略的相关性，探讨线分法能否预测行为偏侧忽略。方法 根据行为偏侧忽略的评估量表——凯瑟林一波哥量表将30例脑卒中致左侧偏瘫的患者分为4组：严重偏侧忽略组，中度偏侧忽略组，轻度偏侧忽略组和无偏侧忽略组。11例年龄匹配的健康成人作为对照组。进行线分法检查时，在A4纸的左侧、中央和右侧分别画6条水平线段，让患者用右手持圆珠笔在线的中央划一垂直分隔线。计算分隔线右侧长度占该线段全长的百分比。结果 除轻度偏侧忽略组外，被分割线段空间的位置对其它各组人员的线分结果有明显影响。严重偏侧忽略组、无偏侧忽略组、对照组出现线分法中的位置“反转效应（crossovereffect）”。严重偏侧忽略组的患者在分隔A4纸左侧及中央的线段时出现向右的偏差，而在分隔A4纸右侧的线段时出现向左的偏差。在无偏侧忽略组及对照组，被检人员在分隔A4纸左侧线段时出现向左的偏差，而在分隔中央及右侧线段时出现向右的偏差。结论 本研究表明线分法中的位置“反转效应”若出现在位于患者右侧的线段，则强烈提示患者有重度行为偏侧忽略。     

线分法试验中反转效应机制的探讨

目的探讨线分法试验中反转效应的可能机制。 方法首先根据偏侧忽略行为量表筛选出存在左侧偏侧忽略的脑卒中患者25例,另外选取20例年龄与之相匹配的正常人纳入对照组。所有入选者均进行以下线分作业：在2张A4纸的左侧、中央及右侧各画3条水平直线,直线的长度分别为100 mm和20 mm,让受检者用右手执笔在每条线段中央划一条垂直短线;然后在另外2张A4纸上同样画3条水平直线,让受检者标出所看到线段的两端点。 结果偏侧忽略(左侧)患者在进行线分法试验时出现了长度反转效应,对线段两端均有忽略,不仅低估了100 mm线段长度,也低估了20 mm线段长度。 结论偏侧忽略患者在进行线分法试验时,进入中心视野的线段不被忽略,即所谓的“中心凹忽略回避”理论,该理论可用于解释线分法试验中的反转效应。     

重复经颅磁刺激的累积效应在治疗偏侧忽略中的作用研究

目的:观察连续数天的低频重复经颅磁刺激在对偏侧忽略患者的治疗中是否产生了累积效应,探讨累积效应是否是低频重复经颅磁刺激治疗偏侧忽略的重要机制。方法:将12例偏侧忽略患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,并对治疗组进行为期10天的低频重复经颅磁刺激治疗,每两天对这12例患者用线段划消和直线二等分测试进行评估,观察治疗组和对照组忽略症状的变化趋势。结果:rTMS的治疗效果和治疗时间之间存在相关关系,治疗组线段划消测试的评估结果和治疗时间之间的相关系数r=-0.659;直线二等分测试中r=-0.606。对照组线段划消测试评估结果和治疗时间之间无相关关系,P0.05;直线二等分测试结果和治疗时间之间也无相关关系,P0.05。结论:低频重复经颅磁刺激对偏侧忽略患者症状的改善是一个渐进的过程,具有累积效应,低频重复经颅磁刺激的累积效应在对偏侧忽略患者症状的改善中起到了关键作用。     

智能助行康复机器人训练结合偏侧注意提醒对脑卒中后偏侧忽略患者下肢功能的影响

目的:通过智能助行康复机器人训练结合偏侧注意提醒的康复治疗,观察1例右侧半球脑梗死后左侧忽略患者的偏侧忽略恢复和下肢功能改善情况。方法:采用智能助行康复机器人训练为主的综合训练(即下肢康复机器人训练+偏侧注意提醒+常规康复治疗)治疗脑卒中偏侧忽略患者,共治疗3周,每周5次。在治疗前后分别通过删除字母试验、星星删除试验、Albert线段划消试验、高声朗读试验、Schenkenberg二等分线段测验、绘图试验评价患者的视觉空间忽略症状,通过听觉测试及触觉测试评价患者的听觉和触觉忽略症状。通过Fugl-Meyer运动功能量表(FMA)评价患者的下肢运动功能,Berg平衡量表(BBS)评价患者的平衡功能,功能性步行分级(FAC)评价患者的步行功能,Barthel指数评价患者的日常生活活动能力。结果:经过3周的治疗,患者的下肢FMA、BBS评分、FAC评级、Barthel指数较治疗前明显提高。患者的删除字母试验、Albert线段划消试验评定中左侧划消数量仍然少于右侧,但较治疗前明显增多,Schenkenberg二等分线段测验评定中的中点偏移率较前明显降低;高声朗读试验评定中左侧文字朗读数量仍然少于右侧,但较治疗前明显增加,绘图试验评定中左侧图形完整性与右侧相当,较治疗前亦有好转;听觉及触觉测试评定中左侧听觉及触觉的探查能力与右侧相当,较前明显好转。结论:在常规康复治疗的基础上,通过智能助行康复机器人训练结合偏侧注意提醒治疗后,患者的下肢运动功能、平衡功能及步行能力较前明显好转,患者偏侧忽略症状亦得到缓解。     

左侧空间忽略患者远空间忽略的表现与评定研究北大核心CSCD

目的探讨右脑卒中后左侧空间忽略患者的远空间忽略特点和评定。方法2021年1月至10月,北京博爱医院30例右侧脑卒中后左侧空间忽略患者(n=30,患者组)与性别、年龄和文化程度匹配的健康人(n=30,对照组)行近空间和远空间线段划销测验、星星划销测验、线段二等分测验。方便抽取对照组25例于第二天同一时间行远空间线段二等分测验。结果对照组近空间和远空间漏划线段数和百分比、漏划星星数均为零;患者组二等分测验偏离中点长度和百分比均显著大于对照组(|t|>4.319,P<0.001);患者组远空间除二等分测验的偏离中点长度显著大于近空间测验外(t=-4.994,P<0.001),其余指标与近空间测试无显著性差异(|Z|<1.638,t=-1.282,P>0.05)。二等分测验重测ICC>0.462(P<0.01)。结论左侧近空间忽略脑卒中患者可同时存在远空间忽略,二等分测验可以用于远空间忽略的评定。     

脑卒中后偏侧忽略的临床评测分析

目的探讨偏侧忽略患者线段划消（LC）和直线二等分（LB）评测表现的特点。 方法对30例偏侧忽略患者进行康复治疗前、后的LB和LC评定结果进行回顾性分析。 结果在治疗前,患者在LB和LC测试表现的偏侧忽略的差异无统计学意义（P&rt;0.05）。治疗后,患者在LB和LC测试表现的偏侧忽略的差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;LB检测出97%的偏侧忽略患者,LC检测出73%的偏侧忽略患者。 结论随着偏侧忽略的恢复,患者在LB和LC测试中所表现出的偏侧忽略程度不同。采用一种测试可能漏检偏侧忽略患者,联合两种测试对偏侧忽略的检测更加敏感。     

右侧脑损伤后左侧空间忽略的临床分型研究

目的:对右侧脑损伤后左侧空间忽略按表现的参考框架不同进行分型研究,并分析其临床特征。方法:对于首次发生右侧半球脑损伤的患者176例,运用线段划消、星型划消、线段二等分、画钟测验及句子阅读进行忽略的筛查测验,并运用缺口探查和场景临摹测试对忽略患者进行不同参考框架下分型研究,进一步比较不同参考框架下忽略组间的一般状况、临床特征及忽略程度。结果:在176例患者中,29例表现为左侧空间忽略,其中16例为单纯的自我为中心的忽略,13例合并存在自我为中心的忽略及刺激物为中心的忽略。单纯的自我为中心的忽略组与合并存在刺激物为中心的忽略组间的一般状况(年龄、性别构成比、MMSE),忽略程度(线段划消、星形划消、线段二等分、画钟及场景临摹)及临床特征(左侧肢体肌力、面瘫有无、偏盲有无、左侧躯体感觉异常、病理征有无)无显著的差异;合并刺激物为中心的忽略组的患者受教育年数明显高于单纯的自我为中心的忽略组。两组间的病灶分布无显著性差异。结论:按参考框架的不同对左侧空间忽略进行分型,单纯的自我为中心的忽略最常见,但是近一半的自我为中心的忽略合并刺激物为中心的忽略。忽略的严重程度及躯体功能障碍的严重程度对忽略的分型无提示意义。受教育年限越长的右侧半球损伤的患者越容易存在非自我为中心的空间忽略。     

脑卒中单侧忽略的康复治疗：随机对照临床研究

目的：探讨脑卒中单侧忽略的康复治疗方法。方法：60例首次脑卒中后有左侧偏瘫及单侧忽略的患者。随机分为3组，2个干预组，1个对照组。第1组使用主动向患侧转动身躯的方法假），第2组使用TR及特殊眼镜遮盖双眼右半侧视野（EP），对照组则只使用传统日常生活动作及手功能训练。评价分3个阶段进行偏身忽略、功能及认知测试。结果：4周治疗后，TR组与对照组间在FIM行动评分方面有明显差异，尤其在移位、转移、行动、上下楼梯和FIM肢体总分方面。结论：对有单侧忽略的初期脑卒中患者应在早期积极采用向患侧转身的康复治疗方法。     

视动刺激治疗视空间偏侧忽略的临床研究

摘要 目的：探讨视动刺激对视空间偏侧忽略患者的治疗效果及长期疗效。 方法：将16例首次脑卒中后出现左侧视空间偏侧忽略的患者随机分为2组,治疗组（n=8）和对照组（n=8）,治疗组应用视动刺激技术（optokinetic stimulation,OKS）及传统视空间偏侧忽略的针对性训练。对照组患者仅进行传统视空间偏侧忽略的针对性训练,治疗周期均为2周。分别在基线期、治疗前、治疗后及随访末4个阶段对两组患者进行偏侧忽略纸笔测试及行为学评定。 结果：OKS组患者治疗后纸笔测试和CBS评定明显优于治疗前(P<0.01),且效果比对照组明显(P<0.01),治疗后2周的随访,发现治疗组效果改善持续保持(P>0.05)。 结论：视动刺激可显著改善卒中后忽略患者的忽略症状及日常行为能力。     

偏侧忽略症康复治疗方法

目的：探讨偏侧忽略症的康复评定方法和疗效。方法：2002-01／2004-06昆明医学院第二附属医院康复科收住的住院患中合并偏侧忽略症40例，治疗采用视觉代偿法，患越过中线做作业。治疗前后采用线段二等分实验，求出偏离百分数，评估疗效。结果：40例中显效33例(82％)，有效7例(18％)，治疗过程中未发现不良事件和副反应。结论：偏侧忽略症通过适当的康复训练能够得到不同程度的纠正，其恢复程度与年龄、受教育程度、训练次数和并发症有没有关系有待进一步研究。     

Effects of hand and spatial conditions on visual line bisection

This study examined the effects of hand and spatial conditions on a visual line bisection task with normal right-handers and proposed a normal range of deviation for this task in middle and advanced age. Twenty-four normal dextrals in their fifties and sixties performed a visual line bisection task using either the left or right hand under three spatial conditions: at the midline and in the left and right hemispaces. Our results revealed that performance was significantly affected by the hand used but not spatial conditions: Left hand performance was significantly further leftward than right hand performance. There was no significant interaction between the hand and spatial conditions. The mean deviation of the right hand was 2.2% of the half line length to the right of the true center. The possibility of left unilateral spatial neglect should be considered if a patient bisects a line with a deviation greater than 10% of the half line length to the right.     

强制性使用运动疗法结合电刺激对脑卒中单侧忽略的作用

目的:观察强制性使用运动疗法结合反馈式功能性电刺激对脑卒中单侧空间忽略患者的临床疗效。方法:脑卒中并伴有单侧空间忽略障碍的患者60例,随机分为2组各30例,对照组给予常规的康复治疗和强制性使用运动疗法训练,观察组在此基础上增加反馈式功能性电刺激治疗,治疗前后均进行二等分线段、删除试验和临摹图形评定,凯瑟琳-波哥量表(CBS)评价法、上下肢Fugl-Meyer评价法(FMA),评估患者的单侧空间忽略程度和运动功能。结果:治疗6周后,2组二等分线段、删除试验和临摹图形试验、CBS、FMA评定均有明显好转(P0.05),且观察组各项评定指标均优于对照组(P0.05)。结论:强制性使用运动疗法结合反馈式功能性电刺激治疗可有效改善脑卒中单侧空间忽略患者单侧忽略的程度,提高肢体运动功能,让患者能够更好地参与到日常生活中。     

Influence of moving background on line bisection performance in the normal elderly versus patients with hemispatial neglect

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have shown that when healthy young participants bisect stationary lines on a moving background (MB) or optokinetic stimulation, they perceive the stationary line moving in the opposite direction of the MB (illusory motion [IM]), and they displace their bisection mark in the direction of the IM. This study attempted to learn whether IM also influences attentional biases of the healthy elderly and patients with hemispatial neglect. DESIGN: In experiment 1, healthy elderly participants and patients with neglect bisected lines in conditions where IM was absent or present. To better understand the MB dichotomy between the healthy elderly and neglect patients, in experiment 2, participants' eye movements were recorded using an infrared eye tracker. RESULTS: In experiment 1, healthy elderly participants' biases occurred in the opposite direction of MB when IM was present but in the same direction of MB when IM was absent. In contrast, neglect patients' biases occurred in the same direction of MB regardless of conditions. Eye movements reflect the spatial direction of attention. In experiment 2, the healthy elderly participants were able to selectively attend to the line, whereas neglect patients were impaired in that they fixated on the line. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the healthy elderly can selectively fixate on a line, and with MB, they perceive the stationary line moving, resulting in a bisection bias in the direction of the IM. In contrast, when there is an MB, the patients with neglect are impaired in that they fixate on the line. Thus, they do not perceive IM; instead, they are primarily influenced by the MB.     

Use of fresnel prism glasses to treat stroke patients with hemispatial neglect

OBJECTIVE: To explore the functional effects of prism adaptation training on patients with hemispatial neglect after stroke. DESIGN: Observational study. SETTING: Inpatient rehabilitation unit in rural Australia. PARTICIPANTS: Four subjects with hemispatial neglect, recruited from consecutive admissions of patients less than 60 days poststroke. INTERVENTION: Prism adaptation treatment, consisting of five 10-minute training sessions over 12 to 17 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The FIM instrument, Catherine Bergego Scale (CBS), subjective straight ahead pointing, Albert's line cancellation, letter cancellation, and line bisection. Ambulatory patients also performed the Timed Up & Go test. RESULTS: Immediate effects of prism adaptation training included improvements in both subjective straight ahead pointing and in the Albert's line cancellation task. Letter cancellation, line bisection, FIM, and CBS scores improved in all subjects. Improvements in a functional task were also observed immediately following prism adaptation treatment. Obstacle avoidance while walking improved after prism adaptation training in 2 ambulatory subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Prism adaptation training shows promise as a new treatment to supplement current strategies for the clinical management of hemispatial neglect after stroke. This study is limited by small sample size and absence of a control group. Further research will be needed to demonstrate efficacy for this inexpensive and relatively safe device.     

脑卒中后半侧空间忽略的临床研究

目的：对34例脑卒中患者进行半侧空间忽略（HSN）检测及SPECT局部脑血流（rCBF）显像，探讨脑卒中后HSN的发生、临床特征、影像学定位及神经解剖机制。方法：对临床确诊的34例单侧脑卒中患者进行HSN组合试验检测，包括直线平分试验、星星删除试验、图画复制试验，计算忽略评分。对忽略患者行SPECT rCBF显像，分析脑灌注降低的部位、范围、病灶数、病灶rCBF及降低百分比、病灶缺血体积及病灶总像素数，及其与忽略评分的相关性。结果：共30例患者有HSN表现。HSN可发生于左、右侧脑卒中患者，左、右侧脑卒中患者发生HSN、对侧忽略（CN）和同侧忽略（IN）均无差异。SPECT显像示HSN患者的损伤部位多见于额叶，其次是顶叶、枕叶、颞叶及基底节和丘脑。2个或2个以上部位的联合损伤更易出现忽略，最明显的部位是颞顶枕交界处。HSN患者的忽略评分与病灶范围、病灶数、病灶体积、像素数成正相关，r=0.543（P<0.01），0.462（P<0.05），0.429（P<0.05），0.437（P<0.05）；与病灶rCBF、病灶rCBF降低百分比相关性不明显（r=-0.175，0.266，P均＞0.05）。CN和IN患者在忽略评分、病灶范围、病灶数、病灶rCBF、rCBF降低百分比、病灶体积及病灶的总像素数方面均无明显差异。结论：HSN可发生于左、右侧脑卒中患者。HSN患者病灶范围越大、累及病灶数越多，病灶缺血体积越大，病灶像素数越大，忽略表现越严重。CN与IN在临床发生情况、忽略表现、SPECT显像方面均无明显差异。HSN可发生于多个大脑部位的损伤，多部位联合损伤忽略程度更明显。     

Representation of time intervals in the right posterior parietal cortex: Implications for a mental time line

Space and time interact with each other in the cognitive system. Recent studies indicate the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) as the neural correlate of spatial–temporal interactions. We studied whether the contribution of the PPC becomes critical in tasks requiring the performance of spatial computations on time intervals. We adopted an integrated neuropsychological and transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) approach, presenting behavioural timing tasks to both healthy subjects and right-brain-damaged patients with and without evidence of spatial neglect. rTMS of the right PPC of healthy subjects induced a lateralised bias during a task requiring setting the midpoint of a time interval. This bias mimicked the rightward bias observed in tasks requiring setting the midpoint of line intervals. These effects were selectively encountered when rTMS was applied during the retrieval phase of the task, while no effects were observed during the initial encoding phase of the time interval. Similar effects were also observed during bisection of time intervals by right-brain-damaged patients with spatial neglect. The specific role of the right PPC in bisection of physical intervals was confirmed by an experiment in which line segments were used.These findings document the neural correlates of spatial–temporal interactions and argue for a linear metric representation of time intervals.     

Immediate effects of head-mounted display adaptation in cases of unilateral spatial neglect: study of straight-ahead pointing

[Purpose] This study aimed to clarify the effect of an adaptation of a deviation of the visual field in three axes on spatial cognition in patients with unilateral spatial neglect and distorted spatial perception in three dimensions. [Participants and Methods] Fifteen patients with cerebrovascular disease and symptoms of unilateral spatial neglect were included. Forty-eight pointing movements with a camera attached to a head-mounted display changed in three axes were compared with the control condition in which the camera was deflected only in the horizontal plane as with the prism adaptation. The main outcome measures were subjective straight-ahead pointing, line bisection, line cancellation, and star cancellation. [Results] The head-mounted display adaptive therapy was performed under conditions that varied in all three axes. The results indicated that it was possible to deflect the subjective straight-ahead pointing position to the lower left direction. [Conclusion] In contrast to the prism adaptation, which deflects the visual field in a single axis in the horizontal plane, the tri-axial adaptation corrected the median cognition in the left–right direction as well as the cognition of the body center, including the vertical direction.     

左侧空间忽略患者关联性注意捕捉效应的研究

目的:探讨脑损伤后致左侧空间忽略患者的注意捕捉效应。方法:本研究对右侧大脑半球损伤伴左侧忽略的患者及健康被试各20例,分别进行神经心理学背景测试及关联性注意捕捉效应测试,观察左侧空间忽略患者与健康被试之间注意捕捉效应的差异,分析影响关联性注意捕捉效应强度的因素。结果:①与健康对照组相比,左侧空间忽略组的数字捕捉正确率明显降低(P<0.01)。②健康对照组:无论干扰刺激颜色与目标刺激颜色是否一致,左侧视野出现干扰刺激时的数字捕捉正确率均明显低于右侧视野出现干扰刺激时(P<0.01);无论干扰刺激在目标刺激的左侧或右侧,当干扰刺激颜色与目标刺激颜色一致时,数字捕捉正确率低于干扰刺激颜色与目标刺激颜色不一致时(P<0.01,0.05)。③左侧空间忽略组:无论干扰刺激颜色与目标刺激颜色是否一致,右侧视野出现干扰刺激时的数字捕捉正确率均低于左侧视野出现干扰刺激时(P<0.05);左侧视野出现的干扰刺激颜色与目标刺激颜色一致或不一致时,对数字捕捉正确率的影响差异无统计学意义,而右侧视野出现的干扰刺激颜色与目标刺激颜色一致时,数字捕捉正确率低于颜色不一致时(P<0.05)。结论:左侧空间忽略患者的注意功能下降,但无论对于健康受试者或者左侧空间忽略患者,符合目标刺激颜色特征的干扰刺激均能够增强非随意性地注意捕捉效应。