64排螺旋CT静脉造影诊断下肢静脉血栓性病变

目的:探讨64排螺旋CT静脉造影(CTV)诊断下肢静脉血栓性病变的临床价值。材料和方法:下肢多层螺旋CT静脉造影(MSCTV)检查12例,同期均做下肢静脉Dopp ler超声(US)检查;其中1例同时进行了肺动脉CT血管造影,并于延迟2m in时行间接法下肢静脉造影检查。病例均采用5mm层厚和层间距行踝关节至髂骨上缘水平的增强CT扫描,并获得原始图像,图像经1.25mm层厚和50%的重叠处理后传送至工作站进行图像后处理。结果:64排螺旋CTV诊断下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)11例,诊断下肢慢性静脉功能不全1例,同时合并肺栓塞1例。以US作对照,64排螺旋CTV显示股静脉和腘静脉血栓的敏感性为100%,特异性98.6%。MSCTV上DVT表现为静脉腔内不规则低密度充盈缺损,慢性静脉功能不全表现为深静脉边缘不规则且于延迟2m in扫描见其远端引流静脉区造影剂点状残留。结论:64排螺旋CTV在显示股腘静脉血栓与US具有同等价值,MSCTV可作为下肢静脉血栓性病变诊断的常规检查方法。     

双向多层螺旋CT下肢静脉造影法的研究和应用

目的探讨双向多层螺旋CT静脉造影(Bi-directionalMSCTV)对诊断下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)的临床应用价值。方法收集8人次超声难以显示的下肢肿胀病人行Bi-directiorralMSCTV检查,检查后经最大密度投影(MIP),表面遮盖法(SSD)及容积再现法(VR)重建。结果双向多层螺旋CT下肢静脉造影技术较常规静脉造影和常规单向CT静脉造影更清晰显示盆腔静脉血栓,尚能显示小腿等超声难以显示的血栓。结论双向多层螺旋CT下肢静脉造影法可作为诊断下肢静脉血栓性病变的最佳方法。     

CT肺血管造影联合下肢CT静脉造影检查在疑诊下肢深静脉血栓患者中的应用

目的 评价64层螺旋CT肺血管造影(CTPA)联合下肢CT静脉造影检查(CTV),在下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)中的诊断作用.方法 连续收集临床上疑似下肢深静脉血栓并行64层螺旋CTPA联合下肢CTV检查的患者.按照CTPA和CTV检查的图像质量进行筛选.根据患者肺动脉和下肢深静脉内是否存在血栓进行分析,并对下肢静脉内血栓最近端位置进行统计.最终有109例患者纳入研究.结果 肺动脉和下肢静脉内同时有血栓的患者39例,单纯急性肺血栓患者1例,单纯DVT患者57例,肺动脉和下肢静脉内均无血栓的患者12例.DVT患者血栓最上端位于下腔静脉14例,位于盆腔髂静脉63例,位于大腿(股腘静脉)13例,位于小腿(胫腓静脉)6例.结论 64层螺旋CTPA联合下肢CTV检查对DVT疑似患者的肺动脉内血栓检出具有重要意义,避免了36.7%患者中肺动脉内血栓的漏诊.     

直接法多层螺旋CT静脉造影诊断下肢深静脉血栓简

目的：探讨直接法多层螺旋CT静脉造影（MSCTV）诊断下肢深静脉血栓的临床应用价值。方法直接法多层螺旋CT（MSCT）下肢静脉造影17例,同期均行彩色多普勒超声血流显像（CDFI）检查。直接法MSCTV检查后,所得图像经处理后传送至工作站进行多平面重建（MPR）、最大密度投影（MIP）、表面遮盖（SSD）及容积再现（VR）重建。结果直接法MSCTV检查显示13例存在下肢深静脉血栓（DVT）,彩色多普勒超声检查显示10例,2例髂静脉及1例胫腓静脉血栓彩色多普勒超声未能检出。直接法MSCTV上DVT主要表现为静脉腔内造影剂充盈缺损、静脉节段性不显影、栓塞静脉远端扩张及其周围侧支循环静脉迂曲扩张、周围软组织肿胀、皮肤增厚。结论直接法MSCT能清晰显示DVT形成的部位、范围、侧支静脉情况及病变血管周围的解剖结构,对彩色多普勒超声不易检出的盆腔及小腿深静脉栓塞也能清晰显示,可以作为下肢深静脉血栓检查的常规方法。     

多层螺旋CT三维重建技术对下肢深静脉血栓的诊断价值

目的：探讨多层螺旋CT三维重建（3D）技术对下肢深静脉血栓的诊断价值。方法：对62例临床怀疑下肢深静脉血栓的患者行16层螺旋CT直接深静脉造影,并在后处理工作站进行3D成像。结果：多层螺旋CT 3D成像可准确、立体、直观的显示下肢深静脉血栓的部位、范围、侧支循环的情况及周围毗邻关系。结论：多层螺旋CT直接静脉造影术技术方法成熟完善,三维重建图像清晰,该技术对下肢深静脉血栓诊断明确,对治疗具有重要的临床指导价值。     

直接法MSCTV对下肢深静脉梗阻性病变的诊断价值

目的 探讨双筒双流直接法多层螺旋CT静脉造影(MSCTV)对下肢深静脉梗阻性病变的诊断价值.方法 对临床高度怀疑下肢深静脉梗阻性病变的100例患者进行双筒双流直接法MSCTV,将重建的薄层图像数据导入后处理工作站行最大密度投影(MIP),多平面重组(MPR)及容积重建(VR)等,分析下肢深静脉梗阻性病变的影像学表现并进行图像质量分级.所有患者均在直接法MSCTV 1周内进行数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查.结果 直接法MSCTV显示100例患者双侧下肢深静脉重组图像显示清晰,重组血管对比度良好.双下肢深静脉显示情况质量分级:下腔静脉优占95％、髂总静脉优占94％、髂外静脉优占95％、股静脉优占95.5％、胭静脉优占96.5％、小腿静脉优占92％.100例患者中8例正常,92例显示不同部位、不同程度的静脉梗阻(其中多发性静脉梗阻64例,单发性梗阻28例).下肢深静脉梗阻部位:下腔静脉3支,髂总静脉67支,髂外静脉28支,股静脉50支,腘静脉26支,胫前静脉89支,胫后静脉35支,腓静脉5支.DSA显示100例患者中7例正常,93例显示不同部位、不同程度的下肢深静脉梗阻.结论 直接法MSCTV可准确地显示下肢深静脉梗阻的情况,明确下肢深静脉梗阻的原因,图像清晰度及可靠性高,可明确病灶的范围和程度及侧支循环的建立与否,有重要临床应用价值.     

320排CT血管造影和超声诊断下肢深静脉血栓价值比较

目的：探讨320排容积 CT 静脉造影(CTV)和超声(US)对下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析经DSA 证实为下肢 DVT 的患者51例,对比直接法 CTV 及 US 对下肢不同部位栓子的检出率。结果51例患者中,CTV 共诊断DVT 48例,发现栓子124处,US 诊断静脉血栓46例,发现栓子86处。其中盆腔 DVT CTV 检出34处,US 检出10处,胫腓静脉血栓 CTV 检出25处,US 检出5处,CTV 检出股深静脉血栓2处,US 检出11处。结论直接法 CTV 及 US 对下肢 DVT 的诊断均具有较高的临床应用价值,而前者对盆腔 DVT 及胫腓静脉血栓的检出率更高,而对股深静脉血栓的显示不及后者。     

64层螺旋CT静脉成像及曲面重建对下肢深静脉血栓的评价及意义

目的 探讨64层螺旋CT静脉成像(MSCTV)及曲面重建(CPR)对下肢深静脉血栓(DTV)的诊断价值. 方法对19例临床诊断下肢DVT的患者行骨盆入口至踝关节全程MSCIN扫描.经肘正中静脉团注对比剂,应用对比剂智能跟踪技术,当下腔静脉阈值达100 Hu时触发扫描.以髂总静脉、髂外静脉、股静脉、腘静脉及胫后静脉作为靶血管进行CPR成像,结合容积重建(VR)、多平面重建(MPR)及原始断面图像作出诊断,其中9例患者下肢静脉MSCTV与彩色多普勒超声(CDFI)结果进行比较. 结果 19例患者共显示下肢深静脉259段,其中血栓73段.CPR图像上,除胫后静脉显示欠佳外,其余各段靶血管均能得到全程清晰显示.静脉血栓在CPR上表现为"双轨征"或管腔节段性不规则狭窄或中断,统计学分析显示患侧下肢静脉管腔横径较正常侧明显增粗(P<0.05). 结论 MSCT及CPR对下肢DVT的诊断具有明显优势.     

多层螺旋CT肺动脉造影联合静脉造影诊断深静脉血栓的研究

目的应用16层螺旋CT肺动脉造影联合静脉造影(CTVPA)探讨深静脉血栓发生率及部位,并与下肢彩色超声多普勒对照评价其诊断下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)的价值。方法临床怀疑肺栓塞(PE)的147例病人行CTVPA检查,以病人为单位计算两医师诊断DVT一致性;102例患者同时行下肢超声检查,计算股静脉-腘静脉段DVT诊断敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值。结果147例患者中33例(22.4%)有DVT,27例合并PE。33例DVT的患者CTV共发现156个部位的血栓,腹盆腔静脉血栓共48个(31%),股静脉-腘静脉段血栓58个(37%),小腿静脉血栓50个(32%)。DVT血栓CT值为(42±13)HU。2医师诊断DVT的一致率为90%,Kappa值为0.86。以超声作为对照,CTV诊断股静脉-腘静脉段DVT的敏感度为92.3%,特异度为100%。结论CTV对股静脉-腘静脉段DVT诊断准确率高,并能显示下腔静脉、滤器内及盆腔静脉血栓,CTV的观察者间诊断一致性非常好。     

一站式CT静脉造影扫描在肺动脉栓塞联合下肢静脉血栓诊断中的临床应用

肺栓塞（PE）是较常见的一种急性心血管疾病,而下肢深静脉血栓（DVT）主要来源于PE栓子脱落,因此,一站式早期正确诊断PE及下肢DVT已经成为临床治疗此类疾病的关键[1]。CT静脉造影（CTV）是目前较为可靠的无创性的血管造影检查技术,本研究旨在探讨用64排螺旋CT一站式CTV扫描在早期正确诊断PE及下肢DVT方面的临床应用价值。     

Computed tomography pulmonary angiography with pelvic venography in the evaluation of thrombo-embolic disease

A prospective study was performed to evaluate the usefulness of CT pelvic venography (CTV) in the detection of pelvic vein thrombosis in patients referred for CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) for suspected pulmonary embolism. Fifty consecutive patients referred for CTPA had CTV performed at the time of CTPA. All patients had duplex ultrasound (DUS) of the lower limb veins for evaluation of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) within 24 h of the CT study. Twelve (24%) of the 50 patients had pulmonary embolism diagnosed on CTPA. Associated DVT was detected in six of these patients; two cases were detected by CTV alone, while one case was detected by both CTV and DUS. The remaining three cases had DVT diagnosed by DUS alone. In the 38 patients with a negative CTPA, three patients had venous thrombus diagnosed by CTV. Of these three patients, two had a negative DUS study. CTV therefore led to a definitive imaging diagnosis of thrombo-embolic disease in two (4%) more patients. CTV adds little time and cost to the CTPA examination and leads to a moderate increase in definite imaging diagnosis of thrombo-embolic disease.     

Prospective comparison of indirect CT venography versus venous sonography in ICU patients

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to prospectively compare indirect CT venography (CTV) and duplex venous sonography in the evaluation of acute deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in ICU patients with suspected pulmonary embolism. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: All ICU patients undergoing CT pulmonary angiography in the evaluation of acute pulmonary embolism during a 10-month period were included in the study group. Indirect CTV was performed 3 min after initiation of the contrast bolus and was compared with duplex venous sonography of the lower extremities. Both techniques were compared with a clinical standard when DVT was considered present if a positive result was obtained on sonography or on CTV in the setting of pulmonary embolism. RESULTS: The study group comprised 61 ICU patients. Using the clinical standard, DVT was detected in 10 of 61 patients. The sensitivity and specificity for CTV were 70% and 96%, respectively, and for sonography were 70% and 100%. CONCLUSION: The performance characteristics of CTV and deep venous sonography were similar when compared with a clinical standard. The results support the use of indirect CTV after CT pulmonary angiography as an alternative to sonography in the ICU population.     

肺栓塞和下肢深静脉血栓的多层CT联合成像

目的：探讨下肢深静脉血栓和肺栓塞的多层CT联合成像的诊断价值,并分析下肢深静脉血栓与肺栓塞的相关性。方法：对临床疑诊肺栓塞和/或下肢深静脉血栓的连续80例患者行CT肺动脉和下肢深静脉联合成像,采用16层CT,1.25mm×16模式采集,注射对比剂120ml,注射流率3～4ml/s,肺动脉延迟20～25s扫描,下肢静脉延迟150～180s扫描。结果：共发现下肢深静脉血栓52例55侧,肺栓塞21例37侧,其中肺栓塞和下肢深静脉血栓同时存在18例。结论：肺栓塞与下肢深静脉血栓关系密切,多层螺旋CT肺动脉和下肢静脉联合成像可一次性评价肺动脉和下肢静脉,是肺栓塞适宜的检查方法。     

Venous thromboembolism: additional diagnostic value and radiation dose of pelvic CT venography in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism

Purpose

To assess the additional diagnostic value of indirect CT venography (CTV) of the pelvis and upper thighs performed after pulmonary CT angiography (CTA) for the diagnosis of venous thromboembolism (VTE).

Materials and methods

In a retrospective analysis, the radiology information system entries between January 2003 and December 2007 were searched for patients who received pulmonary CTA and additional CTV of the pelvis and upper thighs. Of those patients, the radiology reports were reviewed for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in the pelvic veins and veins of the upper thighs. In cases with an isolated pelvic thrombosis at CTV (i.e. which only had a thrombosis in the pelvic veins but not in the veins of the upper thigh) ultrasound reports were reviewed for the presence of DVT of the legs. The estimated radiation dose was calculated for pulmonary CTA and for CTV of the pelvis.

Results

In the defined period 3670 patients were referred to our institution for exclusion of PE. Of those, 642 patients (353 men, 289 women; mean age, 65 ± 15 years, age range 18–98 years) underwent combined pulmonary CTA and CTV. Among them, PE was found in 227 patients (35.4%). In patients without PE CTV was negative in all cases. In patients with PE, CTV demonstrated pelvic thrombosis in 24 patients (3.7%) and thrombosis of the upper thighs in 43 patients (6.6%). Of those patients 14 (2.1%) had DVT in the pelvis and upper thighs. In 10 patients (1.5%) CTV showed an isolated pelvic thrombosis. Of those patients ultrasound reports were available in 7 patients, which revealed DVT of the leg veins in 5 cases (1%). Thus, the estimated prevalence of isolated pelvic thrombosis detected only by pelvic CTV ranges between 1–5/642 patients (0.1–0.7%). Radiation dose ranges between 4.8 and 9.7 mSv for additional CTV of the pelvis.

Conclusion

CTV of the pelvis performed after pulmonary CTA is of neglectable additional diagnostic value for the detection of VTE, because the additional radiation dose is high and isolated pelvic DVT is very rare. Venous imaging of the legs (preferably by radiation-free ultrasound) is sufficient for the diagnosis of underlying DVT in patients with suspected PE.     

螺旋CT肺动脉与下肢静脉联合成像对静脉血栓栓塞症的诊断价值

目的评价螺旋CT肺动脉与下肢深静脉联合成像技术（CTVPA）对静脉血栓栓塞症（VTE）的诊断价值。方法对临床拟诊为肺栓塞（PE）的46例患者行CTVPA成像，先行肺动脉CT成像，后行下肢深静脉扫描，深静脉CT扫描范围从胭静脉至双肾静脉水平。结果46例患者中，CTVPA显示PE患者37例，下肢深静脉血栓（DVT）34例，两者同时存在者30例。37例PE均为多发肺动脉栓子，共累及动脉189支，其中，左右肺动脉主干栓子2．6％（5／189）支，叶动脉30．2％（57／189）支，段动脉50．2％（95／189）支。亚段及亚亚段肺动脉16．9％（32／189）支。34例DVT患者中，左侧20例，右侧12例，盆腔内静脉血栓2例。CTVPA成像检出率较CTPA高10．8％（4/37）。结论16层螺旋CT CTVPA可实现“一站式”检查，对评价肺动脉与下肢深静脉血栓栓塞性疾病有较高的敏感性与特异性。     

髋关节疾病非手术治疗患者彩超检出下肢深静脉血栓的影响因素

 目的 探讨髋关节疾病非手术治疗患者彩超检出下肢深静脉血栓(deep venous thrombosis, DVT)的影响因素。方法 选择2016-01至2017-12北亚骨科医院收治的髋关节疾病非手术治疗患者下肢血管彩超检出DVT 96例(DVT阳性组),另外从同期未检出DVT的患者中选择246例作为对照组。收集两组患者的性别、年龄、病程、体重指数(BMI)、血清三酰甘油(TG)、胆固醇总量(CHOL)、D-二聚体,以及有无下肢静脉曲张,有无DVT临床症状,有无慢性病(高血压或糖尿病),髋关节疾病类型等指标,采用卡方检验和Logistic回归分析。结果 单因素分析,影响DVT检出的主要因素是年龄、BMI、CHOL、TG、D-二聚体、下肢静脉曲张、有临床症状等。多因素分析,主要因素是年龄(OR为3.235,95% CI为1.203~10.326)、D-二聚体(OR为2.421,95% CI为1.358~6.532)、TG(OR为3.865,95% CI为1.685~12.569)、下肢静脉曲张(OR为3.526,95% CI为1.432~11.003)、有临床症状(OR为5.234,95% CI为3.132~19.243)。结论 髋关节疾病非手术治疗患者如果有临床症状、下肢静脉曲张、年龄大于65岁、TG≥1.7 mmol/L、D-二聚体＞300 ng/ml,则彩超检出DVT的概率最大。     

CT venography vs ultrasound in the diagnosis of thromboembolic disease in patients with clinical suspicion of pulmonary embolism

To assess the reliability of indirect computed tomography venography (CTV) in the detection of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in patients with clinical suspicion of pulmonary embolism (PE). 235 consecutive patients with suspicion of PE underwent an imaging protocol composed of a CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA), a CTV and an ultrasound study of the deep venous system, which was considered the “gold standard.” Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were calculated for CTV. ith CTV, 30 (12.8%) cases of DVT were detected, 9 (3.8%) of them without pulmonary embolism in CTPA, increasing the diagnosis of thromboembolic disease in 3.8%. However, six of these nine diagnoses were false positives, and CTV missed six cases of DVT. CTV rendered a sensitivity of 58.8%, specificity of 95.0%, a positive predictive value of 66.7%, and a negative predictive value of 93.2%. In patients with clinical suspicion of pulmonary embolism, ultrasound is preferred to CTV for the detection of DVT.