血管覆膜支架置入治疗胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤

目的:介绍覆膜支架血管内置入治疗胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤(TADA)的初步经验。方法:本组4例Debakey B型胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤,经CT或MR增强检查确诊。经股动脉置入覆膜支架,封堵胸主动脉破裂口,置入后造影检查证实疗效,术后随访采用彩超或增强CT检查。结果:4例患者共成功置入7个支架,1例术后支架远端出现内漏,6个月后内漏自行封闭;1例并发的腹主动脉瘤随访2个月无变化;随访2~18个月,所有患者内膜破裂口封闭,胸降主动脉和腹主动脉真腔扩大,假腔内血栓形成,支架位置、形态正常。结论:覆膜支架血管内置入治疗胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤的近期疗效满意。     

国产覆膜支架介入治疗腹主动脉瘤的实验研究

 目的建立10只犬腹主动脉瘤模型,以介入法置入国产覆膜支架,观察其改变.方法10只实验动物建立模型;国产覆膜支架治疗后,CT进行影像学复查;最后取病理检查.结果两只发生并发症,余犬治疗后管腔通畅,但局部管腔有狭窄,病理电镜示覆膜支架内有内皮细胞生长.结论国产覆膜支架介入治疗腹主动脉瘤安全、有效.     

Zenith腔内支架移植物治疗腹主动脉瘤

目的 评价Zenith跨肾动脉内支架移植物置入术治疗腹主动脉瘤的有效性及安全性。方法 5例腹主动脉瘤患者，均为男性，年龄52～73岁。三维CT造影示4例为Blum B型，1例为Blum C型，瘤颈直径21．0～25、0mm(平均22、8mm)，瘤颈长度16．5～32．8mm(平均25．6mm)。于全麻下穿刺股动脉后，在透视下置入内支架移植物，5例均为Zenith分叉型内支架。结果 5例内支架移植物置入均获成功。手术操作时间1、8～3、0h。术后住院7～14d。术后1周行增强CT复查，均无内漏发生。术后2个月及11个月CT复查各1例，均无内漏及内支架移位。5例随诊6．0～55．0个月(平均26．6个月)均无再发。结论 Zenith腔内支架移植物置入术是治疗腹主动脉瘤的一种安全有效的方法。     

假性腹主动脉瘤网格内支架植入的实验研究

目的：研究镍钛合金网格内支架修复实验性腹主动脉后壁漏口和重建血管的可行性。材料与方法：５条犬在麻醉后，经股动脉用Ｂｒｏｃｋｅｎｂｒｏｕｇｈ穿刺针和８Ｆ扩张器制成直径２．７ｍｍ的腹主动脉后壁漏口。经８Ｆ导管鞘将１０ｍｍ×６０ｍｍ的镍钛合金密集网格内支架跨漏口植入。结果：５条犬的假性主动脉瘤模型建立均获成功。４条犬的内支架植入位置准确，造影显示漏口闭合、主动脉狭窄改善；３条犬平均于２个月进行了造影随访，均显示腹主动脉及其分支正常。结论：镍钛合金网格内支架能修复实验性腹主动脉后壁漏口和重建主动脉。     

分体式支架-移植物治疗主动脉病变的初步报告

目的 介绍分体式支架-移植物（separating stent—graft）及其早期应用体会。方法 器械采用12F输送器，先后1次性经皮穿刺置入主动脉分体式支架-移植物的外、内两部分。4例患者为主动脉夹层StanfordB型、胸主动脉瘤与腹主动脉瘤。结果 1例夹层破口被封闭，病灶被隔绝；1例胸主动脉瘤病灶被隔绝，有轻度内瘘；2例腹主动脉瘤，瘤体均被隔绝。结论 分体式支架-移植物治疗主动脉夹层与主动脉瘤是1种有效、方便、更安全、更微创的治疗方法。     

16层螺旋CTA术前评估主动脉夹层及动脉瘤腔内隔绝术的价值

目的:探讨16层螺旋CT血管成像(16-MSCTA)在主动脉夹层和腹主动脉瘤腔内带膜支架置入术前评估中的价值.方法:40例主动脉夹层和腹主动脉瘤患者术前行16层螺旋CT血管成像检查.采用层面准值16×0.75,螺距1,重建层厚1 mm,间隔0.7 mm;碘对比剂总量按患者体重计算,CTA延迟扫描时间用小剂量对比剂试验法测定;重点运用专用软件测量主动脉夹层及动脉瘤腔内带膜支架置入术所需的所有参数.结果:Ⅲ型夹层26例,单个破口23例,多个破口3例.其中8例符合腔内隔绝术;腹主动脉瘤14例,其中4例符合腔内隔绝术.16-MSCTA提示腹主动脉瘤合并动脉粥样硬化改变11例,与病理诊断结果一致(100%).结论:16-MSCTA可从局部到整体对瘤体进行多方位的观察和测量,提供腔内隔绝术所需的各项参数,为主动脉夹层和腹主动脉瘤选择治疗方案以及术前规划提供更多的信息.     

主动脉半周覆膜支架生物相容性及封堵效果的实验研究

目的 探索自制主动脉半周覆膜支架置入犬主动脉后的组织相容性及对肾动脉开口的封堵效果.方法 选用15条健康杂种犬,自制主动脉半周覆膜支架规格为16 mm×60 mm、人工血管长度为4 cm.经股动脉置入半周覆膜支架,随机封堵左或右侧肾动脉,尔后行主动脉造影及增强CT检查明确主动脉血流情况及肾脏供血情况.术后1,4,8,12和16周,随机选取3条犬复查主动脉造影及增强CT,随后处死、获取主动脉标本,分别对正常腹主动脉、裸支架处腹主动脉、覆膜支架处腹主动脉进行光镜及电镜的观察.结果 15条犬均成功地置入主动脉半周覆膜支架,分别封堵7条右肾动脉及8条左肾动脉,其余主动脉分支未受累.术中未发生血管破裂.主动脉造影及CT复查显示支架无移位,封堵肾动脉无血供,主动脉及其他分支血流正常.术后16周正常腹主动脉、裸支架处腹主动脉、覆膜支架处腹主动脉内膜厚度分别为85.7 μm、943.1 μm及2481.2 μm,相应中膜厚度为1401.5 μm、615.1 μm及593.6 μm,封堵侧肾脏缩小.结论 自制主动脉半周覆膜支架的组织相容性及封堵效果良好.主动脉半周覆膜支架具有应用于临床病例的可行性.     

腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术支架推送器外壳断裂留置腹内一例

患者男 ,74岁。发现腹部搏动性包块 3个月余 ,加重伴腰痛半月余入院。查体腹部左侧有一搏动包块 ,大小约 5cm×3cm ,B超、CT示 :中腹扫描见腹主动脉近髂总动脉分支段外径显著扩张 ,约 4 .5cm ,壁显著增厚 ,约 1.6cm ,扩张段内径尚可 ,腔内透声示 :搏动时该管壁柔顺性减低 ,包块以上腹主动脉有小范围管腔狭窄。术前CTA、MRI及血管造影等检查显示 :腹主动脉瘤位于肾动脉下方 ,瘤体上缘距右肾动脉开口 3cm ,累及双侧髂总动脉 ,瘤体最大直径 6cm。治疗　患者平卧 ,消毒 ,全麻。左侧股动脉穿刺留鞘。经左侧股动脉进入腹主动脉造影见双肾动脉…     

多层螺旋CT造影在主动脉病变腔内修复术后随访的价值

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT血管造影(multi-detector rowspiral computed tomography angiography,MDCTA)及后处理技术在主动脉覆膜支架腔内修复术(transluminal stent-graft placement,TSGP)术后随访的临床应用价值。方法:21例接受TSGP主动脉疾病患者,包括:Stanford B型夹层13例,真性动脉瘤3例,假性动脉瘤2例,弓降部穿透性溃疡1例,胸主动脉瘤合并局限性夹层1例,胸主动脉瘤合并Stanford B型夹层1例,术后采用MDCTA进行随访,平均随访13个月(1~24个月)。采用轴位图像与多种重建图像相结合来显示支架形态、术前术后主动脉管腔情况的变化和有无并发症。结果:13例主动脉夹层覆膜支架置入后:所有患者均真腔扩大,假腔减小或消失并伴血栓形成,支架未发现移位或断裂;共3例(14%)随访中发现内漏,1例Ⅱ型内漏,建议随访观察;1例术后8个月复查新发现支架近端Ⅰ型内漏,密切随访2个月后患者出现胸痛,复查CT内漏增多,转外科治疗。1例腹主动脉瘤术后1月复查发现Ⅲ型内漏。所有患者介入术后CT随访图像均满足临床诊断需要。结论:MDCTA对主动脉覆膜支架置入术后随访较其他检查手段具有多方面的优越性,能及时观察术后疗效、发现并发症,对主动脉疾病覆膜支架腔内修复术后随访具有重要价值。     

血管塞治疗腹主动脉瘤主动脉腔内修复术后高流量Ⅰ型内漏4例

目的 探讨血管塞治疗腹主动脉瘤主动脉腔内修复术后高流量Ⅰ型内漏的可行性和安全性.方法 回顾性分析2019年5月至9月收治的腹主动脉瘤主动脉腔内修复术患者临床资料,其中3例腹主动脉瘤术后即刻造影发现Ⅰa型内漏,1例腹主动脉瘤术后3个月复查CT发现Ⅰb型内漏.4例腹主动脉瘤主动脉腔内修复术后高流量Ⅰ型内漏患者均接受血管塞栓...     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.