双极人工股骨头置换术治疗高龄头下型股骨颈骨折

目的:探讨双极人工股骨头置换术治疗高龄头下型股骨颈骨折的优势和并发症的预防。方法:住院治疗的股骨颈骨折病例中,共施行双极人工股骨头置换术116例,获得随访46例,进行回顾性分析。结果:随访功能优良率达89.1％。远期并发症主要是髋臼软骨磨损和假体松动下沉。结论:双极人工股骨头置换术是治疗高龄头下型股骨颈骨折的理想术式。保持内关节活动度、头臼对称和牢固固定假体柄部是减少并发症的有效手段。     

骨水泥双极人工股骨头置换治疗高龄股骨颈骨折疗效分析

目的 探讨骨水泥双极人工股骨头置换治疗高龄股骨颈骨折的疗效.方法 自2003年6月至2008年6月收治70岁以上高龄股骨颈骨折患者69例,男23例,女46例;年龄70～98岁,平均77.8岁.骨折按照Garden分型:Ⅱ型2例,Ⅲ型25例,Ⅳ型42例,在对患者进行详细术前评估和内科处理后均行骨水泥型双极人工股骨头置换术.结果 所有患者随访6个月～5年(平均3年10个月),X线片变化情况:8例(11.6%)髋臼出现负重区轻度硬化,3例(4.3%)出现髋臼软骨磨损,未发现髋臼被磨穿者.按Harris标准进行临床效果评定:优61例,良4例,中2例,差2例,优良率94.2%.术后发生上呼吸道感染3例,泌尿系统感染2例,下肢深静脉血栓4例,心律失常1例,均经积极治疗痊愈,无死亡病例.结论 骨水泥型双极人工股骨头置换术是治疗高龄股骨颈骨折的有效方法之一,严格的术前评估和正确的手术操作是取得良好疗效的关键.     

股骨头双极假体置换与空心钉内固定治疗80岁以上高龄股骨颈骨折的疗效比较

[目的]比较股骨头双极假体置换和螺钉内固定术治疗80岁以上高龄股骨颈骨折临床疗效.[方法]2000年1月~2005年12月本中心手术治疗80岁以上高龄有移位股骨颈骨折53例,男18例,女35例,股骨头双极假体置换36例,螺钉内固定术17例.平均随访26.72个月(12~60个月),并进行Harris髋关节功能评价.[结果]患者平均83.69岁,螺钉内固定组手中出血少,手术时间短.股骨头双极假体置换组3例发生关节脱位,均通过闭合复位成功.随访期间,螺钉内固定组有9例8-12个月x线显示骨折愈合,3例发生骨折不愈合,再移位及螺钉松动,5例发生股骨头坏死(坏死率29.4%),6例因不同原因行2次关节置换.平均Harris评分股骨头双极假体置换组为87.11±7.34,螺钉内固定组为79.71±19.93.组间差别有显著性(P<0.05).[结论]股骨头双极假体置换术是治疗80岁以上高龄股骨颈骨折的有效方法,但应注意病例的选择及并存症的处理和并发症的防治.     

人工股骨头置换术治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折中股距重建的策略

[目的]通过比较分析人工股骨头置换术治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折与股骨颈骨折的疗效及预后,评价双极骨水泥型人工股骨头置换术治疗高龄股骨粗隆间粉碎骨折的效果.[方法]2005年6月～2009年6月间本院采用人工股骨头置换术治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折和股骨颈骨折共112例患者,男35例,女77例,年龄75～96岁,平均81.4岁.其中股骨粗隆间骨折52例,股骨颈骨折60例.对手术时间、出血量、下地负重时间和髋关节功能进行评价.[结果]术后随访12～ 39个月,平均18.6个月.髋关节功能按Harris评分:股骨粗隆间骨折组,优良率92.1％(优22例,良25例,可3例,差1例).股骨颈骨折组,优良率91.3％(优28例,良25例,可4例,差1例).股骨颈骨折组在手术时间、出血量均显著优于股骨粗隆间骨折组.下地负重时间和髋关节优良率方面无显著差别.[结论]人工股骨头置换术可成为治疗高龄股骨粗隆间不稳定骨折的主要方法.     

应用双极与单极头置换术治疗老年移位型股骨颈骨折疗效的Meta分析

目的探讨应用双极与单极人工股骨头置换术治疗老年移位型股骨颈骨折临床疗效的差异。方法利用Cochrane数据库、PUBMED数据库、CNKI中国期刊全文数据库及中国生物医学文献数据库、万方数据库,并辅以手工检索、文献追溯相关文献,收集1995年1月至2015年8月国内外正式刊物上公开发表的、有关应用单极与双极人工股骨头置换术治疗老年移位型股骨颈骨折对照研究的中英文文献,严格评价纳入研究的文献质量及提取相关资料,运用Rev Man 5.0软件统计分析所有相关数据。对数据进行异质性检验,用Meta分析方法对数据进行处理,评估其相对危险度(RR)值和95%可信区间(CI)。结果共纳入12项病例对照研究,共2 368例患者。资料分析显示对于老年移位型股骨颈骨折,应用双极头置换治疗和应用单极头置换治疗股骨颈骨折,无论在术后患者死亡率[RR=0.84,95%CI(0.50,1.43),P0.05]、总体并发症发生几率[RR=1.02,95%CI(0.77,1.36),P0.05]、术后关节脱位率[RR=0.60,95%CI(0.26,1.37),P0.05]、深部组织感染率[RR=1.60,95%CI(0.80,3.20),P0.05]、髋臼磨损率[RR=0.63,95%CI(0.39,1.03),P0.05]、再次手术率[RR=1.21,95%CI(0.62,2.35),P0.05]、患髋术后功能评分(Harris评分)[SMD=0.41,95%CI(-0.06,0.88),P0.05]等方面差异均无统计学意义。结论应用单极与双极人工股骨头置换术治疗老年移位型股骨颈骨折,两种方式均能得到基本满意的临床效果,两治疗组在术后患者死亡率、总体并发症发生率、关节脱位率、深部组织感染率、髋臼磨损程度、再手术率、患髋术后Harris评分等方面均无明显差异。但双极人工股骨头费用较高,临床医师应根据患者病情和经济情况进行选择。     

三种假体置换治疗老年股骨颈骨折疗效观察

目的　比较不同种类假体置换对老年人股骨颈骨折的治疗效果。方法　于 1987年 1月至 1998年 1月 ,对 2 0 9例 6 0岁以上老年人股骨颈骨折 ,采用单极股骨头、双极股骨头及全髋关节置换术。结果　 2 0 9例术后 1～ 3周均恢复行走活动 ,无 1例死亡。 187例获 1 5～ 8年随访 ,疗效按 1980年第一届全国骨科学术会议拟定的髋关节置换效果评定标准 ,满意率 (6～ 4级 ) :单极股骨头置换 90 6 9% ,双极股骨头置换 96 77% ,全髋置换 95 0 0 %。 187例X线片检查 ,髋臼完好 110例 ,髋臼外缘增生 75例 ,髋臼磨损人工股骨头中心性脱位 2例 ,假体柄下沉 >2mm 3例 ,假体透光区域 >2mm 10例。结论　人工股骨头或全髋关节置换术是治疗老年人股骨颈骨折的有效方法 ,可促使老年人早期活动 ,提高生活质量。本组资料表明三种类型假体置换无明显差异。对高龄及活动量不大不强求全髋关节置换 ,人工股骨头尤其是双极关置换也可望达到良好疗效     

骨水泥型人工股骨头治疗高龄股骨颈骨折

目的 探讨应用骨水泥型双极人工股骨头置换治疗高龄股骨颈骨折患者的临床疗效.方法 对38例高龄股骨颈骨折患者行骨水泥型双极人工股骨头置换治疗,根据Harris评分法评定术后疗效.结果 38例均获得随访,时间1～3年.髋关节功能根据Harris评分:优14例,良19例(其中1例随访至第14个月死亡),中5例,优良率为84.2%.结论 应用骨水泥型双极人工股骨头置换治疗高龄患者股骨颈骨折手术风险小、费用低、疗效满意,患者可早期下床活动,提高患者生存质量.     

人工髋关节置换术治疗高龄股骨颈骨折

目的探讨人工双极股骨头置换和人工全髋关节置换术治疗高龄股骨颈骨折的疗效。方法对149例高龄(平均81.2岁)股骨颈骨折行人工髋关节置换手术,其中人工双极股骨头置换术101例,人工全髋关节置换术48例。结果 133例获随访8～62个月,平均38个月,人工双极股骨头置换组Harris评分>80分者95例,占94.1%;人工全髋关节置换组Harris评分>80分者46例,占95.8%。结论在积极有效治疗内科并发症、严格麻醉监护和规范手术操作的前提下,人工髋关节置换术是治疗高龄股骨颈骨折的首选方法。     

双极人工股骨头置换术后中远期疗效分析

目的：分析双极人工股骨头置换术后中远期疗效。方法：１９８８ ～１９９５ 年间施行双极人工股骨头置换术１８４ 例,取得随访７５ 例,平均随访时间６ 年４ 个月。评估临床疗效,并摄 Ｘ 线片观察髋臼磨损和假体松动情况,动态测量假体内、外关节活动度。结果：临床疗效满意率达８５３ ％ 。髋臼磨损与假体内关节活动消失和头臼不称有关。假体不稳可导致大腿疼痛。结论：双极人工股骨头置换术是高龄股骨颈头下型骨折患者的一种较好的治疗选择。     

双极人工股骨头置换术治疗高龄股骨颈骨折

目的探讨应用双极人工股骨头置换术治疗高龄移位型股骨颈骨折,并对其疗效进行评估。方法回顾性分析2000年3月至2006年12月,采用双极人工股骨头置换术治疗70岁以上有移位的66例股骨颈骨折患者。按Garden分型,Ⅱ型5例,Ⅲ型34例,Ⅳ型27例。结果平均手术时间55 min,术中平均出血量150 mL。有58例获9～62个月随访并取得完整资料。按Harris髋关节功能评分标准评定,优21例,良30例,可6例,差1例。结论双极人工股骨头置换术手术时间较短,创伤相对较小,患者较易耐受,可早期下地活动,能减少并发症,降低死亡率,是治疗老年人股骨颈骨折的较好方法。     

股骨头毁损三联征:股骨头骨折-脱位合并股骨颈骨折

股骨头合并同侧股骨颈骨折是一种严重而复杂的创伤,保髋手术大多会失败。其治疗的难点及预后的关键在股骨颈骨折上。鉴于股骨颈骨折的发生与股骨头骨折-脱位之间存在明显的、前后关联的贯序特点,笔者认为以股骨头毁损三联征（disastrous triad of femoral head,DTFH）来概括这种类型的损伤,更能反映其损伤机制和预后特点。结合临床观察和文献资料,DTFH可分为3个类型：Ⅰ型,普通型DTFH,股骨颈骨折的发生紧随于股骨头骨折-脱位之后,是同一暴力造成的损伤;Ⅱ型,医源型DTFH,是在股骨头骨折-脱位的诊疗过程中发生了医源性股骨颈骨折;Ⅲ型,应力型DTFH,发生于股骨头骨折-脱位的治疗之后,在股骨头骨折面的远侧缘发生应力性股骨颈骨折。本文对各型DTFH的临床特点进行了初步的讨论。     

Distal femoral allograft for massive proximal femoral deficiency

Background?Although indomethacin is effective in preventing heterotopic ossification (HO) after primary total hip arthroplasty, side effects are frequently observed. In the last decade a new class of drugs—the COX-2 selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs—has been developed. To investigate the effect of these COX-2 selective NSAIDs on heterotopic ossification (HO) after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA), we conducted a randomized controlled trial using either indomethacin or rofecoxib for 7 days.

Methods?186 patients received either indomethacin 3 times daily, or rofecoxib twice, and 1 placebo, daily for 7 days. HO was graded according to the 1-year postoperative radiographs according to the Brooker classification.

Results?12 of the 186 patients included discontinued their medication before the end of the trial due to side effects. The remaining 174 patients were included in the analysis. In the indomethacin group (n = 89), 77 patients (87%) showed no HO, 9 showed HO of grade 1 and 3 showed HO of grade 2 according to the Brooker classification. In the rofecoxib group (n = 85) 73 patients (86%) showed no ossification, 9 showed grade 1, and 3 showed grade 2.

Interpretation?The prophylactic effect of rofecoxib for 7 days in preventing heteropic ossification after primary total hip arthroplasty is comparable to the effect of indomethacin given for 7 days. These results indicate that the development of HO follows a COX-2 pathway.     

Simultaneous proximal femoral rotational and distal femoral varus osteotomies for femoral retroversion and genu valgum

Whereas excess femoral anteversion and its related symptoms have been described many times, excess femoral retroversion is less well documented. We report the case of a 30-year-old woman who had a history of chronic bilateral hip and knee pain and evidence of excess femoral retroversion, genu valgum, early-onset lateral and patellofemoral compartment osteoarthritis of both knees, and hip arthritis. She experienced symptomatic relief after undergoing staged bilateral simultaneous proximal femoral rotational and distal femoral lateral opening wedge osteotomies. Although this combination of alignment problems is not an infrequent clinical occurrence, we have found no literature on this condition or treatment. The patient provided written informed consent for print and electronic publication of this case report.     

Proximal femoral nail for treatment of trochanteric femoral fractures

PURPOSE: To report outcomes of 87 consecutive patients treated with a proximal femoral nail (PFN) for trochanteric femoral fractures. METHODS: 17 men and 70 women aged 58 to 95 (mean, 85) years with trochanteric femoral fractures underwent PFN fixation using an intramedullary nail, a lag screw, and a hip pin. Fractures were classified according to the AO system; the most common fracture type was A2 (n=45), followed by A1 (n=36) and A3 (n=6). The position of the lag screw within the femoral head was measured. The lateral slide of the lag screw after fracture consolidation was measured by comparing the immediate postoperative and final anteroposterior radiographs. RESULTS: 90% of lag screws were placed in an optimal position. The length of lateral slide of the lag screw in stable A1 fractures was significantly less than that in unstable A2 fractures; it was over 10 mm in 7 of 45 patients with A2 fractures. Cut-out of lag screw did not occur, suggesting that free sliding of the lag screw facilitates direct impaction between fragments. CONCLUSION: A PFN is useful for the treatment of trochanteric femoral fractures.     

股骨颈骨折后股骨头坏死

简要叙述股骨颈骨折后股骨头坏死的早期诊断和坏死预测等的最新进展。为使骨折后骨坏死尽量减少，早期手术和关节穿刺减压，避免髋关节放置在伸直及内旋位是必要的，建议屈曲位牵引。应用Gd-DTPA增强MRI T1脂肪浸润扫描，可预测股骨头坏死的可能性。建议将股骨头坏死分为静息型骨坏死和临床型骨坏死．