基因多态与胃癌遗传易感性的关系

基因多态性是一组由遗传决定的性状,它们已显示在中间水平上影响疾病的遗传易患性。胃癌是由环境因素和遗传因素共同引发的恶性肿瘤,研究发现许多基因多态与胃癌的遗传易感性有关。本将就与胃癌遗传易感性有关的几个功能基因的多态性作一综述。     

CDH1基因多态与结直肠癌和肝癌发生、进展的关系

目的 探讨CDH1基因C-160A多态与结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)和肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)发病风险和肿瘤分级分期的关系.方法 采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法 检测374例CRC与324名对照以及180例HCC与209名对照的CDH1 C-160A基因型分布及差异.结果 CDH1 C-160A基因型分布在CRC-对照和HCC-对照人群间差异均无显著性(P>0.05).然而,高TNM分期(Ⅲ Ⅳ)CRC组中A基因型(CA AA)频率显著低于低TNM分期者(Ⅰ Ⅱ)(P=0.008);淋巴结转移阳性CRC组中A基因型频率显著低于转移阴性者(P=0.016);远处转移阳性CRC组中A基因型频率也低于转移阴性者,但差异无统计学意义(P=0.169).高T分期(T2～T4)HCC组中A基因型频率低于T1期者,但差异未达到统计学意义(P=0.066).结论 CDH1 C-160A与CRC和HCC的发病风险无关,但-160A可能对CRC肿瘤进展具有保护作用.     

基因多态与胃癌遗传易感性的关系

基因多态性是一组由遗传决定的性状 ,它们已显示在中间水平上影响疾病的遗传易患性。胃癌是由环境因素和遗传因素共同引发的恶性肿瘤 ,研究发现许多基因多态与胃癌的遗传易感性有关。本文将就与胃癌遗传易感性有关的几个功能基因的多态性作一综述     

DNA修复基因hOGG1多态与食管癌遗传易感性

目的：研究修复８－羟基鸟嘌呤的ｈＯＧＧ１基因Ｓｅｒ３２６Ｃｙｓ多态与中国人食管癌易感性的关系。方法：采用病例－对照分子流行病学方法,以ＰＣＲ－单链构象多态（ｓｉｎｇｌｅ ｓｔｒａｎｄ ｃｏｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ ｐｏｌｙｍｏｒｐｈｉｓｍ,ＳＳＣＰ）技术,分析了２０１名正常对照和１９６例食管癌患者ｈＯＧＧ１基因第３２６位Ｓｅｒ／Ｓｅｒ、Ｓｅｒ／Ｃｙｓ和Ｃｙｓ／Ｃｙｓ基因型分布,并比较不同基因型与食管癌风险的关系。结果：正常人群的Ｓｅｒ／Ｓｅｒ、Ｓｅｒ／Ｃｙｓ和Ｃｙｓ／Ｃｙｓ基因型频率分别为３３．８％、５２．８％和１３．４％,而食管癌病例组则分别为３９．８％、３８．８％和２１．４％。虽然两组人群的Ｃｙｓ等位基因频率基本相同（３９．８％４０．８％）,但食管癌病例组的Ｃｙｓ／Ｃｙｓ基因型频率显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）     

GSTM1基因内三核苷酸重复序列长度多态与肝癌遗传易感性…

为探讨谷胱甘肽－Ｓ－转移酶Ｍ１基因５＇端非编码区ＣＧＧ三核苷酸重复序列长度多态与肝癌遗传易感性的关系，采用ＰＣＲ－ＰＡＵＧＥ－ＤＮＡ银染方法，对６５例肝癌患者和１０６例健康对照的研究表明，病例组和对照组ＣＧＧ拷贝数小于６者，分别占４９．２３％和７．５５％，两组差异显著（Ｐ〈０．０００１）。ＯＲ值为１１．８８，ＥＦ值为０．４５０９。提示ＣＧＧ拷贝数小于６者，患肝癌的危险性增加１０．８８倍，由ＣＧＧ拷     

毒物代谢酶基因多态与肝癌遗传易感性研究进展

肝癌是我国最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，其发生是一个十分复杂的生物学过程，是遗传因素和环境因素相互作用的结果。暴露在相同的环境因素下，只有很少一部分人患肝癌的事实表明：个体是否患肝癌并非单纯取决于环境因素，在很大程度上还取决于个体的遗传易感性。毒物代谢酶的遗...     

N—乙酰化转移酶基因多态与肝癌遗传易感性的研究

为探讨Ｎ－乙酰化转移酶（ＮＡＴ）基因多态与肝癌遗传易感性的关系，应用ＰＣＲ、ＡＳＰＣＲ和ＲＦＬＰ，对６５例肝癌患者和１０６例健康对照进行了研究。结果表明，病例组慢型基因频率为７０．７７％，对照组为５２．８３％，两者差异显著（Ｐ＝０．００１）。ＯＲ值为２．１６，ＥＦ值为０．３８０１。提示携带慢型基因者患肝癌的危险性增加１．１６倍，由慢型基因所致的肝癌病例占人群中全部肝癌病例的３８．０１％。病例组基因型Ｆ１／Ｆ１、Ｆ１／Ｓ和Ｓ／Ｓ的频率分别为９．２３％、４０．００％和５０．７７％，对照组则分别为２２．６４％、４９．０６％和２８．３０％，两者差异显著（Ｐ＝０．００５６）。ＯＲ值分别为１．００、２．００和４．４０，存在剂量反应关系。发现４个新的慢型基因亚型，其点突变组合为３４１／５９０、５９０／８０３、２８２／３４１／５９０、２８２／３４１，将其暂命名为Ｓ９，Ｓ１０，Ｓ１１和Ｓ１２。     

TP53基因多态与结直肠癌肝转移遗传易感性的相关性

目的 探讨TP53基因C-8343G、C-1863T及第72密码子(R72P)单核苷酸多态性与结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)肝转移风险的关系.方法 采用TaqMan和聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性方法,检测121例伴肝转移CRC与性别、年龄匹配的280例不伴肝转移CRC的各单核苷酸多态性的基因型分布及差异.结果 C-8343G和C-1863T基因型分布在伴和不伴肝转移的两组CRC人群间差异均无统计学意义.R72P增加CRC肝转移的发生风险:与PP基因型相比,RP基因型、RR基因型和R等位基因携带者(RP或RR基因型)的肝转移风险分别增加至2.21倍(95%CI:1.13～4.33)、2.26倍(95%CI:1.03～4.94)和2.22倍(95%CI:1.16～4.26).CRC组织中P53表达状态的分层分析结果显示:对于P53表达阳性者,72R携带者的肝转移风险与PP基因型相比进一步增加至3.28倍(95%CI:1.21～8.88);而对于P53表达阴性者,PP基因型与72R携带者的肝转移风险差异无统计学意义(比值比为1.37,95%CI:0.52～3.62).结论 TP53增加CRC,特别是P53表达阳性CRC的肝转移风险,可作为CRC肝转移高危人群的筛选指标;C-8343G和C-1863T可能均与CRC肝转移风险无关.     

hMSH2基因IVS10+12G＞A多态与中国人大肠癌遗传易感性的关联研究

目的 了解 hMSH2 基因IVS10+12G＞A多态与大肠癌发病的关系.方法 于江苏省淮安、泰兴及金坛3个肿瘤高发地区现场收集108例同年新发大肠癌患者、180名健康人的外周血及相应的 生活饮食习惯等资料,提取外周血DNA,应用PCR-变性高效液相色谱分析和DNA序列分析技术检测 hMSH2 基因多态,采用病例对照研究方法结合流行病学资料分析.结果 jMSH2基因IVS10+12G＞A多态在中国正常人群中的等位基因频率为51.7%.大肠癌患者中IVS10+12 G＞A的检出率显著高于正常对照(P＜0.05),并主要分布于家族性患者中(P＜0.05),而散发性患者与正常对照间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).对混杂因素的分层分析显示,IVS10+12 G＞A主要存在于低龄患者中(P=0.011),并与油炸食品和腌菜两个饮食因素显著相关(P＜0.01).结论 IVS10+12 G＞A可能是中国人大肠癌的风险因素,特别是在家族性患者中有更显著的作用,但尚需大样本研究予以证实.     

乙醇代谢酶遗传多态与癌易感性关系的研究

少量至中等量饮酒，可降低人类患某些心血管疾病和肿瘤的危险性，但过量饮酒已确定为上呼吸道化道、乳腺和大肠等的癌危险因素。个体对过量饮酒诱发乙醇相关吕的易感性，与其乙醇代谢酶的遗传多态性密切相关。现已确定乙醛为乙醇代谢的终致癌物，使乙醛易在体内积累的乙醇脱氯酶和乙醛脱氢酶的等位基因型ＡＤＨ２（１）、ＡＤＨ３（１）和ＡＬＤＨ２（２）可使癌易感性增加，并在人癌病例对照研究得到证实。本同时还简述了乙醇诱导     

单核苷酸多态性与大肠癌遗传易感性

大肠癌遗传易感性与单核苷酸多态性(SNP)的关系是近年来研究的热点。研究发现COX2,MTHFR等代谢相关基因的某些SNP与大肠癌的发病风险相关,其中携带COX2 9850G-10335A单倍型的个体可显著增加患大肠癌的风险。MMP家族是调控大肠癌侵袭转移的重要基因,MMP7-181G等位型频率可显著增加大肠癌淋巴结转移风险。进一步寻找大肠癌特异性SNP,对筛选大肠癌高危人群,预估发病风险,具有重要意义。     

细胞色素P4501A1基因多态性与肺癌遗传易感性的研究

探讨细胞色素Ｐ４５０１Ａ１基因型和异亮氨酸－缬氨酸基因型与肺癌易感性的关系。方法以病例－对照的研究方法，采用ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ和ＡＳＡ技术检测５９例原发性肺癌、５９例名住院对照和７３名健康对照ＣＹＰ１Ａ１ＭｓｐⅠ和Ｉｌｅ－Ｖａｌ基因型。     

Cyclin D1在肌萎缩侧索硬化症转基因小鼠大脑皮层和海马中的表达

目的:通过检测细胞周期相关蛋白D1(Cyclin D1)在肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)转基因小鼠大脑皮层和海马中的表达变化,探讨Cyclin D1表达改变与ALS发病的关系。方法:选取成年ALS小鼠和同窝野生型小鼠,于发病早、中、晚期(95 d,108 d,122 d)取材,应用免疫荧光技术检测Cyclin D1在大脑皮层和海马的表达规律及与神经元和星形胶质细胞的共定位关系,应用RT-PCR检测Cyclin D1 mRNA表达情况,应用免疫印迹法检测蛋白表达量的改变。结果:ALS小鼠和野生型小鼠大脑皮层和海马中均可检测到Cyclin D1阳性细胞,且与神经元共表达。在发病早、中、晚期,ALS小鼠大脑皮层中Cyclin D1 mRNA和蛋白表达较野生型鼠增多(P0.05,P0.01,P0.001);与同窝野生型小鼠相比,ALS小鼠海马中Cyclin D1 mRNA和蛋白在发病的早、中、晚期表达均降低(P0.05,P0.01,P0.001)。Cyclin D1阳性细胞主要分布在海马CA区(包括CA1、CA2和CA3),DG区仅散在表达。结论:Cyclin D1在ALS转基因小鼠大脑皮层和海马中表达异常,表明Cyclin D1调节的细胞周期改变与ALS大脑皮层和海马区病变密切相关。     

HLA-DQA1, -DQB1 Polymorphism and Genetic Susceptibility to Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Hans of Northern China

Autoimmune mechanisms are likely to participate in the pathogenesis of at least a subgroup of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC), and components of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) may serve as markers for the propensity to develop immune‐mediated myocardial damage. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II genes, especially HLA‐DQ genes, which are highly polymorphic, play an important role in the activation of immune responses and thus control the predisposition to, or protection from, IDC. This study was conducted to investigate the association of HLA‐DQA1, ‐DQB1 allele polymorphisms with an autoantibody against the myocardial mitochondria ADP/ATP carrier, and to explore susceptibility to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) among the Han ethnic group in northern China and the immunological mechanisms and hereditary susceptibility to IDC. Polymerase chain reaction sequence‐specific primer (PCR‐SSP) techniques were used to analyze polymorphisms of the second exon of HLA‐DQA1 and ‐DQB1 alleles among 68 unrelated IDC patients, 4 probands of IDC pedigrees, and 100 healthy controls, all of Han nationality and having lived in northern China for a long time. Following echocardiography examination the IDC subjects were stratified according to ejection fraction (EF) values. Those with EF values higher than 50% were placed in subgroup 1, subgroup 2 included the patients with an EF value of 15–35%, and subgroup 3 consisted of those whose EF values were less than 15%. An autoantibody against the myocardial mitochondria ADP/ATP carrier was examined using immunoblot analysis. The frequencies of HLA‐DQA1*0501 and HLA‐DQB1*0303 were 0.3889 and 0.1806 in the IDC group, significantly higher than those of the healthy controls (0.0900 and 0.0364 respectively, both P < 0.05). The OR was 5.20 (95% CI: 3.60–8.50) and 4.85 (95% CI: 2.56–9.39) respectively. Further analysis of the three subgroups showed a higher frequency of HLA‐DQA1*0501 among patients whose EF was less than 15% than those whose EF values were ≥15%. Conversely, the frequencies of HLA‐DQA1*0201 and ‐DQB1*0502, *0504 were significantly lower in the IDC group (0.0139, 0.0139 and 0.0417 respectively) than in the control group (0.2000, 0.0727 and 0.1091 respectively) (P < 0.05). The frequency of the HLA‐DQA1*0501 allele was significantly higher in IDC patients whose autoantibody is positive in contrast with those whose autoantibody is negative (18.57% vs. 5.86%, P < 0.05); the relative risk (RR) was 4.32. The other frequencies of HLA‐DQA1 and ‐DQB1 alleles showed no significant difference in the antibody positive and negative groups of IDC patients. The alleles of HLA‐DQA1*0501 and HLA‐DQB1*0303 were closely associated with poor EF values in the IDC group, and may be involved in susceptibility to the disease. The DQA1*0201 and DQB1*0502, *0504 alleles may confer protection to IDC among individuals of northern Chinese Han nationality. The SER⁵⁷ residue in the second exon of DQB1*0502 and *0504 may confer resistance to IDC, and defects or substitution of this amino acid residue at position 57 of the DQβ chain may be associated with IDC susceptibility. HLA‐DQ allele polymorphisms may serve as genetic markers for IDC and be involved in the regulation of the immune specific response to auto or exterior anti‐myocardium antibodies.     

p-MAPK、CyclinD1和CDK4蛋白在大肠癌中的表达及相关性

目的 检测p-MAPK、CyclinD1和CDK4蛋白在大肠癌中的表达,并探讨其相关性.方法 选取78例大肠癌组织,距癌灶3 cm以外的癌旁组织,进行组织切片,HE染色进行病理分型,应用S-P免疫组化法对组织中的p-MAPK、Cyclin D1和CDK4进行检测.结果 病理分型后,78例大肠癌中p-MAPK、Cycli...     

P21 (WAF1) Expression in Colorectal Cancer: Correlation with P53 and Cyclin D1 Expression, Clinicopathological Parameters and Prognosis

P21 (WAF1), P53 and cyclin D1 belong to the cell cycle-regulating family of proteins, and the loss of activity of proteins P53 and P21 (WAF1) seems to be one of the most important regulatory mechanisms of carcinogenesis in colorectal cancer. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between P21 (WAF1), P53 and cyclin D1 immunoreactivity, and to evaluate the prognostic significance of their expression. Tissue sections from 122 paraffin-embedded colorectal carcinomas were immunostained with monoclonal antibodies. Positivity for P21 (WAF1) was found in 48 cases (39%), positivity for P53 in 96 cases (70%) and positivity for cyclin D1 in all the cases (100%). Statistical analyses revealed a statistically significant inverse correlation between P53 and P21 (WAF1)-immunopositivity and between P21 (WAF1)-immunopositivity and the degree of cyclin D1-immunopositivity, as well as an inverse correlation between P21 (WAF1) expression and clinical stage. In univariate analysis, down-regulation of P21 (WAFI) expression was associated with poor prognosis, but multivariate analysis did not confirm its independent prognostic significance. In Cox's analysis only regional lymph node invasion and hepatic metastases were proven as independent prognostic parameters. Our investigation results suggest that in colorectal cancer, the induction of P21 (WAF1) may occur mostly in a P53-dependent pathway. P21 (WAF1), as the main cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-inhibitor, may also inhibit the activity of cyclins such as cyclin D1.     

P16、P53和CyclinD1蛋白在卵巢浆液性肿瘤中的表达及意义

目的 探讨浆液性卵巢上皮性肿瘤中P16、P53和CyclinD1蛋白的表达情况及意义.方法 应用免疫组化法对2010-2011年本院45例浆液性卵巢癌(低级别19例,高级别26例)、25例卵巢交界性浆液性囊腺瘤及21例卵巢浆液性囊腺瘤组织进行P16、P53、CyclinDl蛋白检测,并分析其临床病理意义.结果 P16在良性、交界性与癌组的阳性表达率分别为24％、72％及89％,良性肿瘤组与交界性和癌组之间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).P53在良性、交界性与恶癌组的阳性表达率分别为5％、4％及42％,良性和交界性肿瘤组与癌组之间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).CyclinD1在良性、交界性与癌组的阳性表达率分别为10％、64％及47％.良性肿瘤组、交界性肿瘤组与癌组之间差异均有统计学意义,P＜0.05.P53、CyclinD1在卵巢浆液性癌高低级间别比较差异均有统计学意义,两者表现为负相关,r=0.211.结论 P16的阳性表达常见于卵巢交界性浆液性囊腺瘤和卵巢浆液性癌中,P53的阳性表达更多见于高级别卵巢浆液性癌中,CyclinD1的阳性表达更多见于卵巢交界性浆液性肿瘤与低级别浆液性癌组织中.卵巢高级别癌与低级别癌的发病机制不同.     

细胞色素P45A1基因变异与肺癌易患性

Individual susceptibility to cancer induced by environmental agents may be influenced by polymorphic metabolic genes responsible for the activation or detoxification of carcinogens．The association between genetic polymorphisms in cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) and lung cancer susceptibility has been extensively studied．The various CYP1A1 alleles exhibit population frequencies that depend on race and ethnicity．An increased risk of lung cancer in Asians was found to be associated with genetic polymorphisms in CYP1A1．However,reports from Caucasians are not consistant,probably suggesting the ethnic-sepecific effect of the polymorphisms in the locus on the cancer．Evidence also exists for the association between levels of carcinogen-DNA adducts or frequency of oncogene and tumor suppressor gene mutations and CYP1A1 polymorphisms．These findings provide a better understanding of the relationship between CYP1A1 and lung cancer susceptibility．     

Cyclin D1 over expression in malignant lymphomas

Cyclin D1, the regulatory subunit of certain protein kinases thought to advance the G₁ phase of the cell cycle, is now established as a protooncogene, with evidence indicating that its derangement may contribute to the uncontrolled cell growth characteristic of tumors. The chromosomal translocation t(11;14)(q 13 :q32), Involving rearrangement of the BCL-1 locus, is closely associated wlth human lymphoid neoplasia affecting mantle cell lymphomas (MCL). Recently, the putative BCL-1 protosncogene turned out to be none other than the cydin D1 gene. Although the observed break points In the BCL-7 locus are not tightly clustered, Its rearrangement has been documented In 40–70% of cases of mantle cell lymphoma, whereas it only rarely occurs in other B cell lymphomas. Of note, all of the known break points leave the cyclin D1 coding region structurally Intact and result In increased protein expression, implying that this may provide a highly sensitive and specific marker for MCL. Recent studies demonstrated that immunohistochemical detection In paraffin-embedded material, using a mone clonal antibody, Is very useful for routine diagnosis. Current knowledge of cydin D1 over expression In malignant lymphomas, with emphasis on its clinic pathologic significance, is reviewed.     

Cyclin D1 in mammary carcinoma

The control of the cell-cycle-associated protein cyclin D1 and its variable behaviour in normal and transformed cells is described and contrasted with its activity in vivo. The role of cyclin D1 as a prognostic and predictive marker is examined in clinical breast cancer. High levels of the protein are seen in well differentiated, oestrogen receptor positive tumours, which respond well to tamoxifen treatment for metastatic disease. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.