消化道恶性肿瘤术后肠梗阻104例临床分析

目的分析消化道恶性肿瘤术后肠梗阻的原因,探讨再手术的价值.方法回顾性分析经手术治疗的104例术后发生肠梗阻的消化道恶性肿瘤患者的临床资料.结果恶性肿瘤复发致术后发生肠梗阻者占59.7%(62/104),良性原因占40.3%(42/104).恶性梗阻多在术后1～2年出现,而良性梗阻多发生在术后半年内(71.4%,30/42).42例良性梗阻中有2例因未及时手术死亡,其余经手术全部解除梗阻;恶性梗阻经手术解除者67.7%(42/62).结论应提高对消化道恶性肿瘤术后发生肠梗阻原因的分析能力,积极而慎重地选择适当的手术方法解除梗阻是有效的治疗方法.     

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目的 探讨胃肠道恶性肿瘤根治性手术后肠梗阻的原因。方法 对1996年10月至2003年6月间北京肿瘤医院手术治疗64例胃肠道恶性肿瘤手术后发生肠梗阻的病例进行回顾性分析，并探讨发生肠梗阻的时间及性质与梗阻原因的关系。结果 64例肠梗阻中，肿瘤复发占60．9％(39／64)，良性原因占39．1％(25／64)。72％(18／25)的良性原因所致肠梗阻发生在术后6个月以内。肿瘤复发所致的肠梗阻全部出现在术后6个月以上。肿瘤局部复发是胃癌和直肠癌术后肠梗阻的主要原因，小肠坠入盆腔粘连成团也是直肠癌术后肠梗阻的重要原因。结论 根据初次手术时间结合肿瘤原发部位可大致判断肠梗阻的性质和原因。     

胃肠道恶性肿瘤术后肠梗阻64例原因分析

为探讨胃肠道恶性肿瘤根治性手术后肠梗阻的原因,对1997年6月至2007年4月手术治疗64例胃肠道恶性肿瘤术后发生肠梗阻的临床资料进行回顾性分析,并分析发生肠梗阻的时间及性质与梗阻原因的关系。结果显示,64例肠梗阻中,肿瘤复发原因占60．9％,良性原因占39．1％。72．0％的良性原因所致肠梗阻发生在术后6个月之内,肿·瘤复发所致的肠梗阻全部出现在术后6个月后。肿瘤局部复发是胃癌和直肠癌术后肠梗阻的主要原因,小肠坠入盆腔粘连成团也是直肠癌术后肠梗阻的重要原因。结果表明,根据初次手术时间结合肿瘤原发部位可大致判断肠梗阻的原因。     

腹腔内恶性肿瘤术后肠梗阻的治疗

目的:研究腹腔内恶性肿瘤术后肠梗阻的最佳治疗方法。方法:对我院自1994年8月～2002年7月八年间共收治的63例腹腔内恶性肿瘤术后肠梗阻进行回顾性研究。将63例患者依据梗阻原因的不同分为三组:原因暂时不明组、肠粘连组及肿瘤广泛转移组,对三组的治疗结果进行统计学分析。结果:肠梗阻原因暂时不明组17例,占总病例的27％,经保守治疗后,15例治愈,2例死亡。粘连性肠梗阻19例(30.2％),经剖腹手术13例,1例死亡,3例出现各种不同并发症;经腹腔镜手术6例。6例完全治愈,无1例并发症发生。肿瘤广泛转移致肠梗阻组27例,单纯化疗5例,治愈3例,死亡2例;剖腹手术或加化疗14例,2例死亡,4例发生各种不同并发症,治愈12例;经腹腔镜手术或加化疗8例,完全治愈,其中1例发生肺炎。在明确梗阻原因病例中,粘连性肠梗阻占41.3％,肿瘤广泛转移致肠梗阻占58.7％。腹腔镜手术或加化疗患者的并发症与剖腹手术或加化疗相比,降低有显著性差异,P<0.05。结论:腹腔内恶性肿瘤术后肠梗阻的最佳治疗方法应在保守治疗同时,明确病因,针对不同病因予以腹腔镜手术或加以化疗。     

急腹症手术后早期炎性肠梗阻56例诊治体会

目的总结分析急腹症手术后早期炎性肠梗阻的临床诊治措施。方法对56例急腹症手术后早期炎性肠梗阻患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果本组53例(94.64%)经保守治疗痊愈。3例因肠壁充血、水肿、肠管严重粘连而中转手术治疗,术后梗阻症状解除。结论急腹症术后炎性肠梗阻多在术后2周内出现,多数保守治疗可获得良好效果,对保守治疗无效者应及时手术治疗。     

经胃肠梗阻导管排列小肠造口术治疗转移性恶性肠梗阻的临床研究

目的探讨经胃肠梗阻导管排列小肠造口术在治疗转移性恶性肠梗阻中的应用价值。方法对符合入组标准的12例转移性恶性肠梗阻患者采用肠梗阻导管经胃戳口进行排列小肠并造口,观察围手术期效果,术后随访梗阻缓解情况及生存时间。结果 12例患者均完成手术,手术顺利,手术时间90~120 min(平均113.6min);胃肠功能恢复时间为2~5 d,中位时间2.8 d;住院时间为9~32 d,中位住院时间18.4 d;围手术期死亡1例。11例进行随访,随访时间3~36个月(平均19.6个月),生存时间3~36个月,中位生存期14.8个月,受益缓解率为91.7%(11/12)。结论合理选择应用经胃肠梗阻导管排列小肠造口术,可使部分患者解除梗阻,经口进食,同时延缓再次梗阻的时间,延长生存期。     

自膨式金属支架植入术治疗急性左半结直肠癌性梗阻

目的探讨内镜联合透视下自膨式金属支架植入术治疗急性左半结直肠癌性梗阻的应用价值。方法回顾性分析接受内镜联合透视下自膨式金属支架植入术治疗的49例左半结直肠癌性梗阻患者的临床资料。结果于48例患者成功植入支架,技术成功率为97.96%(48/49);1例因导丝无法通过狭窄段而转为外科急诊手术。植入支架后,47例梗阻症状明显改善;1例未改善而转为外科急诊手术。术后1例发生肠穿孔,5例便中带少量鲜血,经对症治疗后均好转;2例发生支架脱落。21例患于植入支架解除肠梗阻后接受结肠癌根治术,Ⅰ期手术成功率100%(21/21)。结论内镜联合透视下自膨式金属支架植入术解除左半结直肠癌性梗阻安全、有效。     

经肛型肠梗阻导管在结直肠恶性梗阻中的应用

目的：探讨经肛型肠梗阻减压导管在结直肠恶性梗阻治疗中的应用价值。方法：应用经肛型肠梗阻导管对30例结肠癌伴肠梗阻患者行导管置入术,冲洗引流4～10 d后手术。结果：28例成功置入导管,成功率93.3%;2例因导丝无法通过狭窄部位,而转行急诊手术。成功的28例患者导管减压引流时间为4～10 d,平均（5.8±1.6）d。置入导管后（3.8±1.3）d患者腹痛、腹胀症状明显减轻。与入院时腹围（92.1±7.4）cm相比,手术时腹围缩小至（83.9±5.8）cm（P=0.013）。减压后96.4%（27/28）的患者行一期切除吻合,术后无吻合口瘘发生。结论：经肛型肠梗阻减压导管治疗结直肠恶性梗阻是安全、有效的,可作为治疗结直肠恶性梗阻的首选措施。     

经肛门肠梗阻导管在结直肠癌性梗阻治疗中的应用

目的探讨肠梗阻导管治疗急性结直肠癌性梗阻的可行性与临床疗效。俩方法在X线辅助下,经内镜放置肠梗阻导管治疗21例急性结直肠癌性梗阻的患者。结果 19例放置肠梗阻导管成功,成功率为90.5%,19例术后1~2 d梗阻症状缓解或消除,13例经内镜治疗解除梗阻后5~7 d行I期肿瘤切除吻合术,术后均恢复顺利,无感染及吻合口漏等并发症发生。2例因病变部位过度狭窄导管无法通过而治疗失败,2例术后1~3 d导管滑脱再次置管。结论肠梗阻导管治疗急性结直肠癌性梗阻,能够有效缓解患者的梗阻症状,显著降低患者的创伤和痛苦,增加手术安全性,提高患者的生活质量。     

介入微创治疗在高位颈段食管狭窄的临床应用

食管癌是常见的消化道恶性肿瘤，确诊时能够接受手术者仅占25％-30％，而高位颈段食管狭窄，特别是恶性高位梗阻，难以采用传统的外科手术治疗，病者多数因无法进食，营养障碍耐死亡。因此，如何解除食管梗阻，提高生活质最，延长生命，一直是临床探索的重要课题。我院自2003年7月开始对22例颈段高位食管良恶性梗阻病例进行介入微创治疗。现报告如下。     

术后早期炎性肠梗阻42例诊治观察

目的探讨术后早期炎性肠梗阻的发病机制、临床特点、诊治方法及预防措施。方法对2008年10月至2012年7月山西省定襄县中医院收治的42例腹部手术后早期炎性肠梗阻患者的临床资料进行回顾分析,42例患者均表现为排气后肠蠕动一度恢复、进食后又出现以腹胀为主的肠梗阻症状,经查体和X线腹部平片确诊。结果 40例经保守治疗后治愈,于5～21d（中位时间9d）肠蠕动重新恢复,效果良好。2例保守治疗2周不见缓解,1例由于黏连导致血运障碍而行部分小肠切除术,另1例腹腔肠管广泛黏连、扩张,行黏连松解术并肠排列术,中位治愈时间为15d。结论术后早期炎性肠梗阻,多发于腹部手术后2周以内,治疗取决于引起梗阻的原因及临床病情进展情况,首选保守治疗。     

全结肠灌洗术I期治疗左半结肠癌并梗阻临床观察(附25例报告)

目的 探讨全结肠灌洗术后I期切除吻合治疗左半结肠癌并梗阻的方法及可行性.方法 对我院于2005年4月至2011年5月行全结肠灌洗术后I期切除吻合治疗25例左半结肠癌并梗阻的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 术后并发切口感染2例,肺部感染2例,无1例发生吻合口漏或腹腔感染,全组无手术死亡,10~15 d临床治愈出院.结论 全结肠灌洗术后I期切除吻合治疗左半结肠癌并梗阻可使患者免去分期手术、多次手术的痛苦;只要进行充分的围手术期处理,全结肠灌洗术后I期切除吻合治疗左半结肠癌并梗阻安全可行.     

Endoscopic decompression of benign large bowel obstruction using a transanal drainage tube

Aim Endoscopic decompression of malignant colorectal obstruction is often dealt with using expandable metallic stents. Endoscopic decompression of benign large bowel obstruction is more difficult. We report the technique and outcome of transanal endoscopic decompression for benign large bowel obstruction. Method From January 2001 to June 2010, endoscopic decompression using a transanal drainage tube placement was attempted in consecutive patients with benign large bowel obstruction. The clinical features, technical success, complications, treatment after the tube placement and clinical success were retrospectively evaluated. Results There were 13 patients (seven males, age 47–87, mean 69 years). The sites of obstruction were transverse colon [5 (38%)], sigmoid colon [3 (23%)], ileocecal valve [2 (15%)], splenic flexure [1 (8%)], descending colon [1 (8%)] and rectum [1 (8%)]. The most common cause of obstruction was anastomotic stricture [9 (69%)]. In 12 (92%) patients transanal decompression was technically successful with one perforation. An overtube, the reinsertion of colonoscope along the decompression tube, or the use of a small‐diameter endoscope was required for the tube placement in seven (54%). In seven (54%) patients tube placement alone resulted in relief of bowel obstruction without operation. Conclusion Endoscopic decompression using a transanal drainage tube is effective for the management of benign large bowel obstruction.     

小肠减压管联合泛影葡胺在术后早期炎性肠梗阻治疗中的作用

目的评价经鼻置入小肠减压管行小肠减压、并注入泛影葡胺行小肠造影在术后早期炎性肠梗阻治疗中的作用。方法首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院普通外科于2011年4月至2012年7月间有12例腹部手术患者术后早期出现炎性肠梗阻,经鼻胃管减压等常规保守治疗2周后,肠梗阻症状改善不明显,遂经鼻置人小肠减压管行小肠减压,同时经减压管注入泛影葡胺行小肠造影,了解小肠蠕动情况及肠道梗阻情况,并利用泛影葡胺促进肠蠕动的治疗作用,观察其治疗效果。结果在置入小肠减压管后,12例患者腹胀症状均有所缓解,其中11例在置入小肠减压管后3周内腹部坚韧感消失,恢复正常排气并逐渐开始经口进食;1例患者在50d后仍未排气,再次行手术治疗,术后3d患者恢复自主排气。随访6个月,全组患者无一例复发肠梗阻。结论对于症状较重、病程较长并经常规处理无效的术后早期炎性肠梗阻患者,应用小肠减压管行小肠减压并注入泛影葡胺行小肠造影的方法安全有效,能够避免二次手术。     

Small bowel obstruction in patients with a prior history of cancer.

To assess the efficacy of operative and nonoperative therapy of small bowel obstruction (SBO) in patients with a previous diagnosis of cancer, a review of 54 cases was carried out. The 32 men and 22 women had a mean age of 58 years. At presentation with SBO, 26 patients (48%) had known recurrent cancer. Forty patients were initially treated nonoperatively; 11 (28%) had resolution of their SBO after a mean of 7 days of nasogastric suction. Five of 11 patients developed recurrent SBO prior to death. Thirty-seven patients underwent laparotomy, 14 on the day of admission and 23 after failure of nasogastric suction. Twenty-five of 37 (68%) had obstruction due to recurrent carcinoma. Small bowel obstruction due to recurrent cancer occurred earlier (21 +/- 5 months) than SBO from benign causes (61 +/- 18 months; p < 0.01). Mean survival for patients with malignant obstruction (5 +/- 1 month) was significantly shorter than for those with benign obstruction (50 +/- 10 months; p < 0.001). The 30-day and in-hospital mortality rates for the 25 surgically treated patients with malignant SBO were 24% and 28%, respectively; in 9 of 25 (36%), the obstruction failed to fully resolve. The only factor predictive of in-hospital mortality was obstruction secondary to cancer (p < 0.05). The median posthospital survival for surgically treated patients with malignant SBO was only 2.5 months. We conclude that: (1) patients should be given an initial trial of nonoperative therapy; (2) patients with no known recurrence or a long interval to the development of SBO should be aggressively treated with early surgery if nonoperative treatment fails; and (3) for patients with known abdominal recurrence in whom nonoperative therapy fails, the results of surgical palliation are grim. Innovative approaches are needed to maximize palliation while also limiting morbidity and mortality.     

Primary tumors of the small bowel

Primary tumors of the small bowel are uncommon, representing less than 6 per cent of all gastrointestinal tumors and less than 2 per cent of all malignant gastrointestinal tumors. This report concerns a twenty-five year survey of our clinical records from 1946 to 1971 which revealed 140 primary small bowel tumors, excluding periampullary tumors. Fifty-two of the neoplasms (37 per cent) were benign; eighty-eight (63 per cent) were malignant and included twenty-eight adenocarcinomas (31.8 per cent), twenty-four lymphosarcomas (27.3 per cent), nineteen carcinoids (21.6 per cent), and ten leiomyosarcomas (11.4 per cent). The average age at the time of diagnosis was 56.9 years for patients with benign tumors and 55.9 years for those with malignant tumors. The illusive and obscure nature of small bowel tumors is illustrated by the fact that 63.3 per cent of patients with benign lesions and 47.6 per cent of those with malignant lesions had symptoms for more than six months before the diagnosis was made. Bleeding was the most common present complaint in patients with benign neoplasms (52.9 per cent) whereas patients with malignant lesions more often had symptoms of obstruction (50.6 per cent). Most of the benign lesions were located proximally in the small bowel (duodenum, 34.6 per cent; ileum, 11.5 per cent), and most of the malignant lesions were located distally (duodenum, 17.0 per cent; ileum, 61.4 per cent). Treatment of patients with malignant lesions was radical excision whenever possible. Adjunctive radiation therapy was used for those with lymphoma. A second benign or malignant tumor occurred in 42.9 per cent of the patients with primary small bowel tumors. The average period of survival after diagnosis of a malignant small bowel tumor was 5.03 years: for patients with adenocarcinoma, 3.6 years; lymphosarcoma, 1.3 years; carcinoid, 6.8 years; and leiomyosarcoma, 8.3 years.     

Large bowel obstruction due to colorectal carcinoma can be safely treated by colonic stent insertion – case series from a UK district general hospital

Aim The aim of this study is to audit our outcomes and experience of colonic stent insertion for malignant bowel obstruction. Method Retrospective audit of all stent insertions in a single district general hospital between August 2003 and December 2009. All patients had presented with acute bowel obstruction caused by malignant colorectal disease and details were collected prospectively and contemporaneously onto a database. Stent insertion was a combined endoscopic and fluoroscopic procedure involving a colorectal surgeon and consultant radiologist. Results Stenting was attempted on 62 occasions in 54 patients. The technical success rate was 86% and the clinical success rate 84%. The indications for stenting were for relief of acute bowel obstruction, palliation and as a bridge to surgery. There were complications in 14 cases (22.5%) including three perforations and one perioperative mortality. There were three cases of stent migration, six cases of re‐stenosis and two stents became impacted with stool. There were no incidents of acute or delayed haemorrhage in any patients. Conclusion Our experience shows that stenting for obstructing colorectal cancer is a safe and effective method of alleviating acute and impending bowel obstruction and can be provided safely and effectively in a district general hospital.     

内支架治疗结直肠癌急性梗阻

目的 探讨结直肠癌急性梗阻的金属内支架治疗的效果和安全性。方法 对2000年5月～2003年6月收治的结直肠癌急性梗阻15例进行临时性或姑息性内支架治疗，并观察梗阻缓解情况和并发症。结果 15例中12例(80．0％)内支架放置成功，全组无死亡发生，24h内临床梗阻缓解率100％(12／12)。并发支架移位和肛门疼痛各1例。8例经过肠道准备和全身支持治疗后行根治性手术；4例内支架置放系永久性姑息性治疗。结论 内支架治疗对左半结肠或直肠急性癌性梗阻是一种安全有效的临时性或永久性姑息性治疗手段，可免除急诊结肠造瘘术。     

腹部手术后早期小肠内疝的诊治

目的 研究术后早期小肠内疝的临床特点. 方法回顾性研究1994-2006年38例腹部手术后早期小肠梗阻(early postoperative small bowel obstruction,EPSBO)患者的临床资料.结果 手术治疗术后早期小肠梗阻(发生于术后30 d内)的38例中各种原因所致小肠内疝占9例(23.7%).男6例,女3例,平均年龄53.6岁(32～72岁).术后出现症状的平均时间为7.8 d(2～17 d),平均行保守治疗时间为3.4 d(1～8 d).术后早期内疝的主要临床表现为:完全性机械性梗阻表现,症状重,进展快,可早期出现肠绞窄.影像学检查可能发现特征性内疝表现,以增强CT检查最佳.本组术中见6例患者已发生肠绞窄,其中4例患者发生肠坏死.本组共行肠切除术5例.术后平均住院时间为15.8 d(8～42 d).1例患者术后发生切口感染,无围术期死亡患者.结论 小肠内疝可发生于术后早期,易于发生绞窄坏死,应积极外科手术治疗,可获得理想的效果.