HES1与ICN1、Notch1在胃癌组织中的表达及其意义

目的:探讨Notch1信号通路主要分子在人胃癌组织中的表达及意义。方法:免疫组化SP法观察HES1、ICN1、Notch1在胃癌组织、癌旁萎缩性胃炎、癌旁浅表性胃炎、胃镜浅表性胃炎中的表达,分析三者表达与胃癌临床病理特征的关系以及胃癌组织中三者表达的相关性。结果:(1)HES1在胃癌组织的表达高于癌旁浅表性胃炎和胃镜浅表性胃炎(P<0.05);HES1表达与胃癌浸润深度、淋巴转移和肿瘤分期相关(P<0.01)。(2)Notch1、ICN1在胃癌组织的表达低于癌旁萎缩性胃炎(P<0.001);Notch1、ICN1的表达与胃癌分化程度相关(P<0.05)。(3)胃癌组织中Notch1、ICN1的表达呈正相关(P<0.01),HES1与Notch1、ICN1的表达无显著相关性。结论:HES1促进胃癌的发生发展并可能主要由其他通路调控;Notch1与胃癌的分化有关。     

胃癌组织中微血管密度测定与转移和预后临床分析

目的探讨胃癌组织中的微血管密度(microvessel density,MVD),并分析其临床意义。方法 42例胃癌手术切除标本均采用免疫组织化学染色S-P法检测,检测胃癌组织CD34蛋白的表达,分析微血管密度与临床病理因素及预后的关系。结果胃癌组织中微血管密度(MVD)为40.26±12.6;癌旁边组织中微血管密度(MVD)为21.2±9.12;正常组织中微血管密度(MVD)为12.20±4.21,胃癌组织中微血管密度高于癌旁组织和正常组织,差异具有显著性(P<0.05)。胃癌微血管密度高的患者5年生存率为21.5%,低MVD组患者的生存率则为43.7%,两者相比差异具有统计学意义。结论胃癌组织中微血管密度比其它胃组织高,在一定程度上MVD具有判断胃癌切除术后转移和预后的价值。     

研究ITF、CD34在胃黏膜病变中的表达及其临床意义

[目的]探讨肠三叶因子（ITF）在胃黏膜病变中的表达与间质微血管（MVD）值的关系。[方法]利用组织芯片技术制作302例不同胃黏膜（正常胃黏膜A、浅表性胃炎B、萎缩性胃炎C、不典型增生D和胃癌E）的组织芯片,同时用S-P免疫组化方法检测ITF和CD34表达,用CD34标记血管内皮细胞并计算MVD值。[结果]C、D和E胃黏膜ITF表达的阳性率,均高于B和A;E的MVD高于A、B、C和D;B的MVD高于A,C的MVD高于B;在胃癌中ITF阳性表达的MVD高于阴性,ITF表达的阳性率与MVD呈正相关（r=0.323,P〈0.01）。ITF表达的阳性率与胃癌组织类型、淋巴结转移和TNM分期有关,MVD与胃癌浸润深度、淋巴结转移和TNM分期有关。[结论]ITF可能参与胃黏膜保护及修复,在胃黏膜癌变过程中,ITF和CD34表达的阳性率逐渐上调,对胃癌发生发展、浸润转移和血管形成有促进作用,可作为胃癌的早期诊断和预测转移的重要指标。     

IGF-II、HIF-1α和CD105在胃癌中的表达及其意义

目的研究IGF-II、HIF-1α、CD105标记的微血管密度（MVD）在胃癌组织中的表达和临床病理特征之间的联系。方法使用免疫组化SP法检测100例胃癌组织、40例正常胃组织中IGF-II、HIF-1α、CD105标记的MVD表达情况,以及它们与胃癌临床病理特征的关系。结果病例组中IGF-II、HIF-1α的表达阳性率分别为80%、75%,MVD值（32.98±8.14）明显高于常对照组（P〈0.05）。IGF-II、HIF-1α的表达强度以及MVD值和肿瘤浸润深度、临床分期、淋巴结转移有明显的相关性（P〈0.05）,而与肿瘤大小、分化程度无关（P〉0.05）。两者在胃癌组织中的表达存在着正相关（P〈0.05）。IGF-II、HIF-1α阳性表达胃癌组织的MVD值明显高于IGF-II、HIF-1α阴性表达胃癌组织的MVD值（P〈0.05）。结论胃癌组织中IGF-II、HIF-1α和MVD表达增高,三者可作为胃癌浸润、转移的重要判断指标。     

APC基因在疣状胃炎及胃癌组织中的表达及意义

目的探讨疣状胃炎与胃癌之间的关系。方法采用免疫组化法检测APC蛋白在慢性浅表性胃炎、疣状胃炎及胃癌组织中的表达。结果疣状胃炎组APC蛋白阳性率（44．4％）显著低于慢性浅表性胃炎组（90％）（χ^2=15．97,P〈0．01）,而与胃癌组（25％）比较无显著差异（χ^2=3．29,P〉0,05）。结论抑癌基因APC可能参与了疣状胃炎癌变过程。     

大肠癌中VEGF、Ki-67和MVD的检测及其临床意义

目的：探讨大肠癌组织VEGF、Ki-67的表达和微血管密度（MVD）及其临床意义。方法：应用免疫组化SP法检测60例大肠癌组织中VEGF、Ki-67的表达和MVD,并分析其临床特征及相关性。结果：大肠癌VEGF、Ki-67的阳性表达率分别为76.7%、73.2%,明显高于癌旁肠组织的35.0%、20.1%。两者比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;VEGF阳性率在有/无淋巴结转移的大肠癌中差异显著（P〈0.05）;VEGF阳性表达组MVD值显著高于阴性组（P〈0.05）。结论：VEGF与大肠癌的发生、发展和转移密切相关,提示阻断VEGF通路将对大肠癌的治疗提供新的靶点。Ki-67是肿瘤良恶性鉴别、提示预后的重要指标。     

尾型同源盒转录因子CDX1和CDX2在胃黏膜肠化生及胃癌组织中的表达

目的 研究尾型同源盒转录因子CDX1、CDX2在不同亚型胃黏膜肠化生及胃癌组织中的表达,探讨二者在胃黏膜肠化生进展及胃癌发生中的作用.方法 分别选取慢性浅表性胃炎40例,单纯慢性萎缩性胃炎(CAG)40例,CAG伴肠化生46例,胃癌40例,对应癌旁组织伴肠化生32例.分别用免疫组织化学和原位杂交方法观察CDX2蛋白及CDX1、CDX2 mRNA在上述胃黏膜病变中的表达情况.结果 癌旁组织伴肠化生中Ⅲ型肠化生的比例显著高于CAG伴肠化生(分别为56.25%和21074%,P<0.01);CDX1、CDX2 mRNA及CDX2蛋白在慢性浅表性胃炎及单纯CAG中均无表达,而在CAG伴肠化生、癌旁组织伴肠化生和胃癌中,CDX2蛋白及其mRNA表达阳性率分别为69.57%、53.12%、42.50%和63.04%、46.88%、35.00%,CDX1 mRNA表达阳性率分别为67.39%、50.00%、40.00%,胃癌中的表达阳性率均显著低于CAG伴肠化生(P<0.01),而与癌旁组织伴肠化生比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);CDX2蛋白在肠型胃癌中的表达阳性率(54.55%)显著高于弥漫型胃癌(27.78%)(P<0.05).Ⅲ型肠化生中CDX2蛋白表达阳性率及表达强度则显著低于Ⅰ型(P<0.05).结论 CDX1、CDX2在胃黏膜肠化生进展及胃癌发生中有重要作用,可能是新的胃癌相关基因.Ⅲ型肠化生与肠型胃癌有密切关系.     

大肠癌Survivin的表达与血管生成的关系

目的　观察Survivin在大肠癌中的表达及其与微血管密度 (microvesseldensity ,MVD)的关系。　方法　采用免疫组化S -P法检测 64例大肠癌组织Survivin、CD3 4的表达 ,以CD3 4标记肿瘤微血管 ,并在显微镜下计数微血管密度 (MVD)。　结果　癌旁组织中无Survivin表达 ,Survivin在大肠癌表达阳性率为 5 3 % ,其表达与大肠癌分化程度、淋巴结转移相关 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而与侵犯深度无关 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;Survivin的表达与MVD呈正相关 ,Survivin阳性表达组中MVD明显高于Survivin阴性表达组 (P <0 .0 5 )。　结论　Survivin在大肠癌中高表达 ,在大肠癌的发生、发展中起重要的作用 ,与大肠癌的分化程度、淋巴结转移、血管生成有关。     

人胃癌组织中一氧化氮合酶的表达及其与血管形成机制的探讨

目的　研究诱导型一氧化氮合酶 (iNOS)在人胃癌组织中的表达及其与胃癌微血管形成的关系。方法　采用免疫组化SP法检测 5 0例原发性胃癌中iNOS的表达 ,同时检测微血管密度 (MVD) ,以CD3 4 标记。结果　iNOS阳性表达率为 70 %,在iNOS阴性表达组MVD均值为 (11 8± 5 9) ,在iNOS阳性表达组中MVD均值分别为 (18 7± 6 3) ,(2 4 5± 5 6 ) ,(30 1± 9 4 ) ,iNOS阴性组和阳性组MVD均值差异有显著统计学意义 (P <0 0 1)。结论　iNOS在胃癌组织中有高表达 (70 %) ,与肿瘤微血管形成有关。     

食管癌中PTTG蛋白表达及其与bFGF和微血管密度的关系

目的探讨食管癌组织中垂体肿瘤转化基因（FTTG）的表达及其与碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）蛋白表达和微血管密度（MVD）的关系。方法采用免疫组化SP法检测PTYG和bFGF在48例食管癌组织和癌旁正常食管组织中的表达情况，并用CD34标记血管内皮细胞以计数MVD。结果48例食管癌组织中PTTG和bFGF的阳性表达率分别为68．8％（33／48）和70．8％（34／48），显著高于癌旁正常食管组织中的表达（分别为8．3％和12．5％，P〈0．05），PTTG，bFGF的表达和MVD值与有无淋巴结转移、TNM分期有关（P〈0．01，P〈0．05），与患者年龄、性别、瘤体大小和肿瘤组织分化程度无关（P〉0．05）；PTTG和bFGF的表达呈正相关（P〈0．05）。结论PTTG和bFGF蛋白在食管癌中具有高表达，二者可能参与了食管癌的发生，在食管癌的侵袭和转移中发挥重要作用，PTFG可能通过激活bFGF蛋白表达促进新生血管生成而促使食管癌发生转移。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.