Serological and Chemical Specificities of Twelve Monoclonal Anti-Lea and Anti-Leb Antibodies

The serological specificities of twelve hybridomas were compared as to their chemical reactivity as determined using direct binding to synthetic carbohydrate structures. All anti-Lea cross-react with type-1-precursor structures and three different variants of anti-Lea could be defined by their binding to type-3-precursor chains, sialylated compounds and the monosaccharide D-galactose. Three major reactivity patterns were also identified among anti-Leb reagents. Anti-LebL cross-react with Lea and do not significantly bind to H-related structures. Anti-LebH,L had both anti-LebL-like activity (cross-reaction with Lea) and anti-LebH-like activity (cross-reaction with H). Finally, anti-LebH cross-reacts strongly with H compounds and do not bind to Lea. The binding pattern of anti-LebL suggests that these antibodies have lower affinity for ALeb and BLeb pentasaccharides than anti-LebH. All these specificities are not absolute, but rather are expressed as members of a quantitative progressive varying series, suggesting the existence of a whole range of antibody specificities gradually changing from Lea----Lea,b----LebL----LebH,L----LebH. The results suggest that anti-LebL will always cross-react with Lea and that anti-LebH will always cross-react with H related structures. However, under certain well-defined conditions these cross-reactions may not be apparent and antibodies might behave as specific anti-Lea or anti-Leb in certain tests.     

2011年ASA/ACCF/AHA/AANN/AANS/ACR/ASNR/CNS/SAIP/SCAI/SIR/SNIS/SVM/SVS颅外颈动脉和椎动脉疾病患者处理指南

导言医疗专业人员在对与疾病检测、处理或预防中使用的药物、装置和操作相关的证据的严格评价中扮演的核心角色是十分必要的。对涉及这些疗法和操作的绝对和相对益处和风险的现有资料进行适当和严格的专业分析,可通过将资源集中于最有效的治疗策略,从而改善治疗效果、优化患者转归和合理控制成本。这些资料的一种重要应用是制定临床实践指南,后者进而能为其他各种应用,如绩效评价、合理应用标准、临床决策支持工具和质量改进工具提供依据。     

The Response of W/Wv and Sl/Sld Anaemic Mice to Haemopoietic Stimuli

Summary: The percentage of haem-containing nucleated RBC precursor cells in marrows and spleens of W/W^v and Sl/Sl^d anaemic mice increased in response to hypoxia produced by reduced pressure, red-cell loss, or red-cell destruction by phenylhydrazine. The response in the spleens of W/W^v mice occurred several days later than the marrow response, in contrast to normal or Sl/Sl^d mice in which the marrow and spleen responses occurred simultaneously. These responses were also simultaneous in W/W^v mice whose anaemia had been cured by an injection of normal stem cells. After RBC destruction by phenylhydrazine the duration and degree of tissue hypoxia necessary to stimulate the Sl/Sl^d response varied widely among individual Sl/Sl^d mice. In Sl/Sl^d mice with anaemias alleviated by implants of intact normal spleens, most erythropoiesis was contained within these normal spleen grafts.
Polycythaemic W/W^v and Sl/Sl^d anaemic mice gave defective responses to erythropoietin; the defect was not caused by delayed erythroid maturation. Serum samples from anaemic mice responding to RBC destruction by phenylhydrazine contained high concentrations of erythropoietin in quantities inversely proportional to the donor's PCV (packed cell volume), but did not contain any factors, other than erythropoietin, to stimulate erythropoiesis in polycythaemic Sl/Sl^d anaemic mice.     

Effects of recombinant human erythropoietin on anaemic W/Wv and SI/SId mice

The effects of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) on anaemic W/Wv and Sl/Sld mice were investigated. rHuEPO was injected every day for a week in doses up to 86,000 iu/kg. Wv/+ and Sld+ mice, which have genetically a weak anaemia, received 17 or 86 iu/kg of rHuEPO and showed dose-dependent increases in haemoglobin, PCV, RBC and reticulocytes to the same extent as that in normal mice. W/Wv mice also showed increases in the haematological parameters in response to 8600 iu/kg of rHuEPO but the dose was much higher than that for normal mice. A reticulocyte increase in W/Wv mice appeared later than in normal mice and was not sustained for 2 weeks even though the rHuEPO treatment was continued. Sl/Sld mice, however, did not show any significant haematological effect from doses up to 86,000 iu/kg. In both W/Wv and Sl/Sld mice receiving 8600 and 86,000 iu/kg of rHuEPO, respectively, an increase in splenic or bone marrow CFU-E was observed regardless of the defect in their haemopoietic systems. The plasma erythropoietin (EPO) level in W/Wv and Sl/Sld mice was inversely correlated with the haemoglobin, indicating that EPO production was not influenced by the haemopoietic defect and was regulated by the hypoxic properties of the anaemia. These results indicate that a large dose of exogenous rHuEPO is effective for the anaemia in W/Wv mice caused by a stem cell defect but not for the anaemia in Sl/Sld mice caused by a defective microenvironment.     

Anti-Dia and the Dia Blood Group

Abstract. In an Austrian family the Di^a antigen was discovered by causing hemolytic disease of the newborn. No mongoloid admixture has so far been detected. No linkage to other blood groups, serum groups or red cell enzymes could be found.     

Quantitative Analysis of Lea and Leb Antigens in Human Saliva

We have measured the H type 1, Le^a and Le^b antigens in the saliva from 129 Japanese individuals by a time-resolved europium ion fluorometric immunoassay using artificial antigen-albumin complexes as the reference substances. We confirmed that the amount of Le^b was larger than that of Le^a in the saliva from secretors (Le^a–b+) and vice versa in the saliva from nonsecretors (Le^a+b–). Unexpectedly, we discovered appreciable amounts of Le^b with small amounts of H type 1 in the saliva from the nonsecretors. The concentration of Le^b was about 10, 6 and 35% of the concentration of the Le^a in the saliva from the nonsecretors of the A, B and O groups, respectively. The possible formation of Le^b from Le^a, in addition to the formation of Le^b from H type 1, in the salivary glands is discussed.     

Comparative Immunochemical Analysis of Wra and Wrb Red Cell Antigens

This paper describes immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation studies using monoclonal anti-Wr^a and anti-Wr^b antibodies to investigate the nature of the lowincidence blood group antigen, Wr^a and its high-incidence allelic antigen Wr^b. No membrane components were identified by the immunoblotting experiments. Immunoprecipitation studies confirmed that the Wr^b antigen involves both glycophorin A and band 3. The monoclonal anti-Wr^a BGU1-WR, failed to immunoprecipitate these or any other red cell membrane component. The significance of these findings is discussed.     

2011年ASA／ACCF／AHA／AANN／AANS／ACR／ASNR／CNS／SAIP／SCAI/SIR/SNIS／SVM/SVS颅外颈动脉和椎动脉疾病患者处理指南（续前）

7血运重建术 7．1关于颈动脉血运重建术患者选择的推荐意见 I级推荐 1对于在6个月内有过非致残性缺血性卒中或TIA症状（包括半球事件或一过性黑噱）且手术风险中等或较低的患者,     

Development of a monoclonal antibody capable of differentiating platelet PLA1/PLA1, PLA1/PLA2 and PLA2/PLA2 genotypes

A monoclonal antibody, LK-4, has been developed which distinguishes platelet PLA1/PLA1, PLA1/PLA2 and PLA2/PLA2 genotypes on platelet glycoprotein GPIIIa of Triton-solubilized platelet extracts. An ELISA assay has been developed which traps GPIIIa with Concanavalin A, enriching the platelet extract for the PLA antigens. A second monoclonal antibody, DEK-10, which reacts equally with GPIIIa of PLA1/PLA1 and PLA2/PLA2 platelet extracts is employed as an internal standard to correct for individual differences in GPIIIa content, GPIIIa extracted by Triton X-100 and GPIIIa trapped with Concanavalin A. This ELISA assay clearly differentiated 11 different PLA1/PLA1 subjects from eight PLA2/PLA2 women with a history of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia as well as six unrelated obligate heterozygotes and should be useful in evaluating the PLA genotype of pregnant women and their families.