Trunk Control Ability after Minimally Invasive Lumbar Fusion Surgery during the Early Postoperative Phase

[Purpose] Lumbar fusion has been used for spinal disorders when conservative treatment fails. The minimally invasive approach causes minimal damage to the back muscles and shortens the postoperative recovery time. However, evidence regarding functional recovery in patients after minimally invasive lumbar spinal fusion is limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate how trunk control ability is affected after minimally invasive lumbar fusion surgery during the early postoperative phase. [Subjects and Methods] Sixteen patients and 16 age- and sex-matched healthy participants were recruited. Participants were asked to perform a maximum forward reaching task and were evaluated 1 day before and again 1 month after the lumbar fusion surgery. Center of pressure (COP) displacement, back muscle strength, and scores for the Visual Analog Scale, and Chinese version of the modified Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were recorded. [Results] The healthy control group exhibited more favorable outcomes than the patient group both before and after surgery in back strength, reaching distance, reaching velocity, and COP displacement. The patient group improved significantly after surgery in all clinical outcome measurements. However, reaching distance decreased, and the reaching velocity as well as COP displacement did not differ before and after surgery. [Conclusion] The LBP patients with lumbar fusion surgery showed improvement in pain intensity 1 month after surgery but no improvement in trunk control during forward reaching. The results provide evidence that the back muscle strength was not fully recovered in patients 1 month after surgery and limited their ability to move their trunk forward.Key words: Biomechanics, Postural balance, Low back pain     

小切口复位外固定支架固定间断加压治疗胫骨中下段骨折

[目的]探讨小切口复位结合外固定支架固定间断加压治疗胫骨中下段骨折的临床疗效.[方法]2004年7月至2009年7月,采用外固定支架固定治疗胫骨中下段骨折患者56例,男39例,女17例,年龄平均36（6～70）岁.术后对骨折间断加压并早期功能锻炼,X线检查明确骨折愈合后拆除外固定架.[结果]随访时间平均9（6～12）个月,按骨折临床愈合标准,骨折均愈合,平均愈合时间4（2～8）个月.术后膝、踝关节活动良好.[结论]小切口复位结合外固定支固定间断加压治疗胫骨中下段骨折创伤小,疗效满意,膝、踝关节功能恢复佳.     

全膝关节置换不同入路对伸膝装置影响的比较

背景：传统的人工全膝关节置换采用标准内侧髌旁入路,但其手术创伤大、康复时间长,且易对股四头肌腱在髌骨上极的止点造成干扰。经股内侧肌下方入路作为一种不干扰伸膝装置的入路方式,由于其无法提供充分的术野暴露,易对股肌造成损伤,目前其应用及安全性仍存在争议。目的：比较分析内侧髌旁和经股内侧肌下方入路行人工全膝关节置换的临床疗效。方法：将78例（82膝）择期行人工全膝关节置换的患者随机分为治疗组（39例41膝）和对照组（39例41膝）,治疗组采用经股内侧肌下方入路,对照组采用内侧髌旁入路。观察两组患者人工全膝关节置换后膝关节功能、关节活动度及并发症的发生情况。结果与结论：与对照组比较,治疗组的手术时间明显增加,但其置换后伤口引流量明显减少、直腿抬高时间及下地行走时间均明显缩短（P〈0．05）。两组置换前、置换后12周的HSS评分差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05）,而治疗组置换后1周、6周的HSS评分明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）。置换后,两组患者膝关节的关节活动度和股四头肌‘MMT分级均显著改善（P〈0．05）,而治疗组置换后关节活动度和股四头肌MMT分级的改善程度较对照组更为明显（P〈0．05）。治疗组和对照组并发症的发生率分别为2．6％和15．4％,差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。结果表明经股内侧肌下方入路行人工全膝关节置换对伸膝装置影响小,可促进置换后关节功能及关节活动度的恢复,减少置换后并发症。     

腓骨近端截骨术对内翻型膝关节骨关节炎患者膝关节活动度及并发症的影响

目的 研究腓骨近端截骨术和全膝关节置换术(TKA)治疗内翻型膝关节骨关节炎(KOA)的疗效及并发症.方法 选取我院接诊的内翻型KOA患者126例(126膝),按随机数字表法分为截骨组和TKA组各63例(63膝),分别采用腓骨近端截骨术和TKA手术进行治疗,观察两组视觉模拟评分(VAS)、内翻角、膝关节活动度、膝关节功能...     

腹腔镜微创与传统开腹胆道取石治疗胆总管结石的效果分析

目的比较腹腔镜微创与传统开腹胆道取石治疗胆总管结石的效果及对患者机体氧化应激和免疫功能的影响。方法选择该院2015年7月-2017年12月收治的90例胆总管结石患者,利用随机数字表将其分成微创组与开腹组两组,每组各45例。其中微创组给予腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗,开腹组给予传统开腹胆道取石术治疗,比较两组手术疗效及手术前后氧化应激指标[超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)]和免疫功能指标[CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+T细胞百分率及CD4~+和CD8~+T细胞比值(CD4~+/CD8~+比值)]的变化。结果微创组手术时间和术中出血量明显低于开腹组(P 0.05),两组结石取净率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。微创组术后肠鸣音恢复、肛门排气和住院时间明显低于开腹组(P 0.05)。微创组术后12 h时视觉模拟评分(VAS)、术后镇痛药使用率和并发症发生率明显低于开腹组(P 0.05)。微创组手术前后血清SOD、MDA和GSH-Px比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);开腹组术后第1天时血清SOD和GSH-Px活性明显低于术前,MDA水平明显高于术前(P 0.05)。两组术后第1天时外周血CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+及CD4~+/CD8~+比值明显低于术前(P 0.05),其中开腹组降低更明显(P 0.05)。结论腹腔镜微创与传统开腹胆道取石治疗胆总管结石均能取得较好的取石效果,但腹腔镜微创手术对机体创伤更小,不会引起明显的氧化应激反应,对机体免疫功能影响小,术后恢复快。     

股内侧肌下入路联合加速康复外科理念应用对全膝关节置换术后康复的影响

目的探讨经股内侧肌下入路联合加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery, ERAS)理念应用对全膝关节置换(total knee arthroplasty, TKA)术后短期康复的作用。方法 40例术前合并轻度贫血的原发性重度膝关节骨性关节炎患者,随机分为观察组和对照组各20例。观察组采用股内侧肌下入路进行TKA,并应用ERAS方法进行围手术期管理;对照组采用髌旁内侧入路进行TKA,按传统方法进行围手术期管理。记录患者术前及术后48 h视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale, VAS)、血红蛋白水平、股直肌肌电量的均方根值(root mean square, RMS)及日均活动量,并进行2组间比较。结果 2组术前血红蛋白、VAS评分、RMS及日均活动量比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后48 h,观察组血红蛋白[(101.68±11.11)g/L]、RMS(50.19±18.83)高于对照组[(94.85±4.18)g/L、39.75±20.40](P<0.05),日均活动量[(68.85±5.03)m]大于对照组[(54.55±4.38)m](P<0.05),VAS评分[(2.65±0.81)分]与对照组[(3.10±0.97)分]比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论经股内侧肌下入路联合ERAS围手术期管理方法有助于纠正合并贫血的膝关节骨关节炎患者TKA术后贫血,提高活动能力和活动量,对术后康复有积极作用。     

骨关节炎患者全膝关节置换：多中心的随机对照

背景：年龄在60岁以上存在关节疼痛、功能障碍和关节畸形的骨关节炎患者均可以考虑行全膝关节置换。目的：比较传统全膝关节置换、微创全膝置换和避开股四头肌的微创全膝置换后早期膝关节功能恢复情况的差异。方法：选择北京301医院、山东省立医院、山东省交通医院获得随访的120例骨关节炎患者,其中42例接受常规全膝关节置换,42例接受微创全膝关节置换,36例接受避开股四头肌的微创全膝关节置换。所有患者置换后第2,6,12周进行膝关节HSS评分及关节活动度检测。结果与结论：微创全膝关节置换组及避开股四头肌的微创全膝关节置换组较常规全膝关节置换组手术时间长（P〈0.01）,出血量少（P〈0.01）;两微创手术组间差异无显著性意义（P〉0.05）。置换后2周微创全膝关节置换组及避开股四头肌的微创全膝关节置换组关节活动度、HSS评分均优于常规全膝关节置换组（P〈0.01）,两微创组间关节活动度差异无显著性意义（P〉0.05）,但避开股四头肌的微创全膝关节置换组HSS评分优于微创全膝关节置换组（P〈0.01）;置换后6,12周3组HSS评分及关节活动度差异无显著意义（P〉0.05）。提示避开股四头肌的微创全膝关节置换与微创全膝关节置换以及常规全膝关节置换相比,手术损伤较小,术后疼痛程度更轻,术后能早期进行康复锻炼。     

后腹腔镜下离断性肾盂成形术(附11例报告)

目的探讨后腹腔镜技术在离断性肾盂成形术中的应用。方法介绍后腹腔镜下离断性肾盂成形术治疗肾盂-输尿管连接部(UPJ)梗阻11例,并结合相关文献进行分析。结果11例手术均获成功。手术时间125￣550min,平均264min,出血量60￣220mL,平均住院9.5d。术后1例出现术侧胁腹疼痛,1例拔除双J管后出现同侧肾绞痛,对症处理后好转。11例均获随访4￣13个月(平均7.2个月),无吻合口梗阻,8例肾积水减轻,3例肾积水无明显改变。腰痛均消失,无严重并发症。结论后腹腔镜肾盂成形术治疗UPJ梗阻,具有微创、痛苦小、恢复快等优点,可部分替代开放手术。     

Outcomes of primary total knee arthroplasty: the impact of patient-relevant factors on self-reported function and quality of life

Purpose.?To identify factors associated with functional recovery and outcome 1 year after total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods.?In the prospective follow-up study, all the patients (n == 75, aged 60–80 years) underwent primary TKA. Assessments were performed preoperatively and 12 months after surgery. The main measures were the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities OA Index (WOMAC) and the 15D. The clinical examination included analyses of comorbidity and a detailed knee examination. Age-standardised population values of the 15D and the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology–Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OMERACT-OARSI) criteria were used as indices of response.

Results.?Osteoporosis, pain, gender, age and preoperative function of the opposite knee accounted for 29.9%% of the variance in the change in the WOMAC function score. A preoperative score of the 15D below the age-standardised population level, pain, higher age and pulmonary disease reduced the possibility to reach the HRQOL level of the general population. Osteoporosis decreased the likelihood of achieving responder status according to the OMERACT-OARSI criteria.

Conclusion.?The baseline preoperative score of the 15D strongly associated with the achieved level of HRQOL after TKA. The findings of the present study highlight the multifactorial nature of health status in TKA.     

Pain, physical functioning and quality of life of individuals awaiting total joint replacement: a longitudinal study

Objectives To investigate if pain, physical function and the quality of life changed among adults with osteoarthritis while on the waiting list for hip or knee joint replacement. Methods A longitudinal study of patients listed for primary hip or knee joint replacement. Participants were interviewed at baseline (n = 105) and followed up at 3 (n = 84), 6 (n = 47) and 9 months (n = 24), or until their joint replacement. Measurement tools used were a visual analogue scale (VAS), Western Ontario and McMaster’s Universities (WOMAC) Osteoarthritis Index and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form Health Survey (SF‐36). Results Baseline data indicated high levels of pain as measured by VAS [mean 7.0 (SD 2.2)] and WOMAC pain [mean 11.2 (SD 3.5)]. At baseline, the mean physical function measured by WOMAC was 40.3 (SD 12.1). At the 3‐month follow‐up, there was significant deterioration in VAS pain scores (0.6; 95% CI mean difference 0.3, 1.0); WOMAC pain scores (1.2; 95% CI mean difference 0.7, 1.8) and WOMAC physical function scores (4.8; 95% CI mean difference 2.8, 6.7) compared with baseline. Conclusion The often long wait for joint replacement surgery and deterioration in pain and physical function has highlighted the need for active management by health professionals while patients are on the waiting list.     

Comparison of Effects of Supervised Physiotherapy and a Standardized Home Program on Functional Status in Patients with Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective Study

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to determine the functional differences between total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients who were treated with supervised physiotherapy or a standardized home program and perform a cost analysis. [Subjects and Methods] Patients who received total knee arthroplasty between January 2009 and June 2011 were enrolled in this study; those with mean ages of 64.25±3.86 (60–68) years (n=18) and 68.08±6.25 (61–79) years (n=16) were placed in the supervised physiotherapy and standardized home program groups, respectively. All patients were evaluated by the same researcher before and after surgery, and the therapy programs were applied by another physiotherapist. All patients were evaluated for joint range of motion (ROM), pain, functional status (WOMAC), overall quality of life (SF-36), and depressive symptoms (BECK Depression Scale). [Results] A significant clinical improvement was observed in postoperative assessments. A statistically significant difference could not be found between ROM and functional levels of the patients in both groups. [Conclusion] No difference was found between the patients performing supervised or standardized home program with respect to the effects on functional status. A home exercise program can be used in the rehabilitation of patients with TKA, and implementation of home exercise programs can also reduce health-care spending.Key words: Total knee replacement, Rehabilitation, General health status     

内镜在下肢慢性静脉性溃疡治疗中的应用研究

目的探讨内镜在下肢慢性静脉性溃疡治疗中的应用效果。方法应用内镜手术治疗2000年5月-2003年9月收治的26例患者（28条患肢），该28条患肢均同时存在浅静脉倒流、交通支静脉功能不全和慢性静脚性溃疡。经顺行性深静脉造影和彩色多普勒检查显示14条患肢同时存在重度深静脉反流。结果28条患肢经手术治疗后肢体症状和浅静脉曲张消失，患慢性静脉性溃疡肢体短期内愈合。随访13-54个月（平均30．5个月），无新生的溃疡，无静脉曲张复发。结论内镜手术治疗下肢慢性静脉性溃疡安全有效，损伤少，并发症少，如同时联合浅静脉微创刨吸术和血管镜下深静脉瓣膜修复术，可达到更微创和显效的效果。     

早期乳腺癌24例保乳手术疗效观察

【目的】探讨早期乳腺癌保乳手术的近期疗效。【方法】回顾性对比本院自2004年1月至2009年1月采用保留乳房手术（保乳组,24例）与保留胸大肌的乳腺癌改良根治术（根治组,28例）治疗早期乳腺癌52例,术后根据淋巴结有无转移,雌、孕激素受体及Her-2表达情况给予相应放疗、化疗及内分泌治疗。【结果】随访10个月至5年,两组术后并发症发生率有显著性差异（P〈0．05）,局部复发率无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。但保乳组美容效果明显。【结论】保乳治疗早期乳腺癌是可行的,且创伤小、有美容效果。     

腹腔镜辅助右半结肠切除术治疗结肠癌23例临床分析

[目的]探讨腹腔镜辅助右半结肠切除术治疗结肠癌的方法及应用价值.[方法]回顾性分析本院2007年2月至2009年12月行腹腔镜辅助右半结肠切除术23例结肠癌患者的临床资料.[结果]21例顺利完成腹腔镜手术,2例中转开腹.手术时间160～26 min,平均206 min,术中出血平均80 mL,术后恢复肠蠕动平均36 h...     

成人有症状外侧盘状半月板的关节镜治疗及MRI分型

目的探讨成人有症状外侧盘状半月板(DLM)的关节镜治疗疗效及其MRI分型。方法 2009年1月至2010年4月共连续收治58例成人有症状DLM患者。其中男27例,女31例,年龄18～67岁,平均(30.3±12.4)岁。左膝关节30例,右膝关节14例,双膝关节14例。对所有有症状DLM的70个膝关节及非盘状半月板的2个膝关节进行了关节镜手术,其中DLM部分切除+成形30个膝关节(42.86%),DLM次全切40个膝关节(57.14%)。根据Lysholm及IKDC主观评分标准进行膝关节功能评估。同时对有症状DLM进行MRI分型。结果术后随访时间18～24个月,平均(23.07±3.62)个月。末次随访时,所有患者膝关节疼痛及肿胀症状均消失或明显减轻,活动度恢复正常。均未发生伤口或关节感染等并发症。Lysholm、IKDC主观评分分别为(95.69±3.69)分、(94.76±3.76)分,与术前比较均有统计学差异。所有70个膝关节有症状DLM的MRI分型如下:无移位45个膝关节,前向移位2个膝关节,后向移位11个膝关节,中央移位12个膝关节。结论关节镜手术治疗成人有症状DLM创伤小,疗效显著。成人有症状DLM的MRI分型中无移位型最常见,占64.29%;而前向移位型最少见,仅占0.03%。     

微创经皮钢板与交锁髓内钉内固定治疗胫骨骨折的临床疗效比较

【目的】比较微创经皮钢板与交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨骨折的临床疗效。【方法】70例胫骨骨折患者被随机分成两组,分别行微创经皮钢板接骨术（A组）和交锁髓内钉（B组）治疗。全部病例获得随诊,时间12~24个月,平均16个月。从手术时间、手术出血量、平均住院时间、骨折愈合时间和并发症进行比较分析。【结果】A组与B组比较,手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、愈合时间及并发症差异无统计学意义（P〉O．05）。【结论】微创经皮钢板接骨术与交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨骨折都能减少对骨折处血运的干扰,提高骨折愈合率,减少并发症。掌握好手术指征,是治疗胫骨骨折的两种较理想方法。     

CT区域定位和X线引导下射频消融联合臭氧注射治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效比较

【目的】比较X线引导和CT区域定位经皮穿刺射频消融联合臭氧注射治疗腰椎间盘突出症（LDH）的临床效果。【方法12009年6月至2012年4月将采取在x线透视引导下行射频消融联合臭氧注射治疗LDH63例定为A组;将区域定位CT引导下行射频消融联合臭氧注射治疗LDH49例定为B组。依据视觉模拟疼痛评分（VAS）及Macnab评价标准评估治疗效果,观察术前、术后1周、3个月、12个月VAS评分及术后12个月优良率。【结果】两组术后VAs评分与本组术前比较均有显著下降（P〈0．05）,术后1周、3个月、12个月两组VAS评分B组稍低于A组,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;术后各时段B组优良率均显著优于A组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。【结论】术前“区域定位”能够将椎间盘突出位置量化,准确把握适应证;术中CT引导能够为靶点射频热凝确定准确的穿刺路径及深度,使射频消融联合臭氧注射技术疗效最大化,对提高微创治疗LDH的优良率有重要临床意义。     

微创椎弓根螺钉治疗不稳定性胸腰椎骨折的疗效分析

[目的] 探讨微创椎弓根螺钉固定复位术治疗不稳定性胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效.[方法] 收集2011年1月至2013年10月西安交通大学第二附属医院和西安交通大学第一附属医院骨科采用微创经皮椎弓根螺钉固定复位技术诊治的无神经症状的不稳定性胸腰椎骨折患者37例.记录手术时间,出血量,观察手术前后椎体高度、Cobb's 角变化,并统计术后并发症.[结果] 37例均获得随访.手术时间为1.1(0.75~1.5)h;出血量20~100 (40.5±10)mL;术后随访时间10~36(19.8±5.6)个月.术后4周、术后1年与术前1 d VAS评分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),疼痛明显减轻;治疗4周、治疗12个月椎体前缘高度百分比和后凸Cobb角明显高于治疗前,其差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05),但术后1个月与术后12个月比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).术中并发症3例(8.1%),均系椎弓根螺钉置入不正确穿破外壁,无硬脊膜破裂及血管损伤患者.随访无明显后凸畸形和高度丢失,骨折全部获得愈合.12个月随访时发现2例患者共3枚螺帽松动;椎弓根螺钉断裂2例(5.4%),其中l例见于术后6个月,1例见于术后12个月;术后24个月椎弓根螺钉退出1例(2.7%).[结论] 微创经皮椎弓根螺钉技术可最大程度地减少对病椎稳定性的破坏,既能到达稳定脊柱的目的,又可减小术中创伤.在严格掌握手术适应证的前提下,其将会作为一项基础技术广泛应用.     

No effect of conventional vs. minimally invasive surgical approach on clinical outcome and migration of a short stem total hip prosthesis at 2-year follow-up: A randomized controlled study

BackgroundShort stem hip prostheses have become a viable alternative for the treatment of hip osteoarthritis. In combination with minimally invasive surgery, short stem hip prostheses offer potential advantages of reduced surrounding tissue damage and faster rehabilitation. However, the limited perioperative visibility of these minimally invasive techniques may lead to reduced primary stability compared to conventional techniques. We hypothesized: a) increased migration of the minimally invasive group due to reduced primary stability and b) increased clinical scores of the minimally invasive group.MethodsSixty total hip arthroplasty patients were randomly assigned to undergo minimally invasive anterolateral modified Watson-Jones or conventional Hardinge surgery. All patients were treated with a Metha short stem prosthesis. Roentgen stereophotogrammetry and clinical scores were calculated after surgery and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively.FindingsNo statistically significant differences in implant migration and clinical scores were observed between the minimally invasive and conventional groups at any follow-up point. The largest average resultant migrations were 1.22 (SD 1.31) mm (conventional) and 1.18 (SD 1.18) mm (minimally invasive) after 24 months. The mean Harris Hip Score score improved from 54 (SD 10, conventional) and 52 (SD 13, minimally invasive) preoperatively to 97 (SD 5, both groups) after 24 months.InterpretationOverall, the differences in implant migration and clinical scores between the minimally invasive and conventional surgery groups were marginal and not clinically relevant. The data from this study suggest that good results can be expected from both the investigated approaches.     

Effects of hydrotherapy and land-based exercise on mobility and quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized control trial

[Purpose] To determine the effects of hydrotherapy and land-based exercises on functional mobility and quality of life among patients with knee osteoarthritis. [Participants and Methods] We conducted a randomized controlled trial with knee osteoarthritis patients randomly allocated into land-based (n=17) and hydrotherapy groups (n=17). The Time-Up and Go (TUG), Five Times Sit-to-Stand (5STS), Stair Climbing Test (SCT), and Quality of Life by questionnaires including the Modified Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index questionnaire Thai version (Thai WOMAC) were assessed at baseline and 6 weeks. The World Health Organization Quality of Life BREF Thai version (WHOQOL-BREF-THAI) questionnaire were assessed at baseline and six weeks and 6 months. [Results] There was no significant difference in outcomes between the groups after 6-weeks and 6-months of follow-up. After 6 weeks, Thai WOMAC score improved in both groups. Only 5STS was improved in the land-based group, while the hydrotherapy group showed significant TUG, 5STS, and SCT improvement. Furthermore, only hydrotherapy showed significant improvement in WHOQOL-BREF-THAI scores in the mental, social, quality of health, and total domains after six months. [Conclusion] Both exercises equally improved functional mobility and quality of life. Hydrotherapy and land-based exercise could improve functional mobility and quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis.Key words: Osteoarthritis knee, Hydrotherapy, Mobility