Evidence-based analysis of adjacent segment degeneration and disease after ACDF: a systematic review

Background context

Follow-up studies of patients undergoing anterior cervical discectomy and interbody fusion (ACDF) have demonstrated varying degrees of radiographic degeneration at adjacent levels, with most cases being asymptomatic (adjacent segment degeneration, ASDeg) and far fewer being symptomatic (adjacent segment disease, ASDz). Controversy remains as to whether these conditions are related to altered biomechanics or represent the natural history of cervical spondylosis at the adjacent segment.

Purpose

To provide an evidence-based analysis of the peer-reviewed literature on clinical studies of ASDeg and ASDz after ACDF.

Study design/setting

Systematic review of existing literature.

Methods

The MEDLINE database was queried for clinical studies reporting ASDeg and/or ASDz after ACDF. Articles written in the English language with a minimum follow-up of 2 years were independently reviewed and analyzed by two authors, and the level of evidence was assigned. Data were pooled to generate summary outcomes and organized by number of levels, technique, and graft/implants.

Results

Of the 238 articles returned from the MEDLINE database query, 14 met inclusion criteria. An average of 168 patients was enrolled per study with an average follow-up of 106.5 months. Graft materials, cage design, plate fixation system, and length of fusion varied widely. Additionally, no clear standard was seen for radiographic assessment modalities (eg, plain lateral radiograph, flexion-extension radiographs, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging). Validated clinical outcome measures were used in 43% (6/14) of the studies. The average incidence of ASDeg was 47.33% (459.14/970) with a range from 16% to 96%. The frequency-weighted average for ASDz was 11.99% (263.70/2,199) with a range from 1.80% to 36.00%. Follow-up ranged from 24 to 296 months with no reliable commonalities, which prohibited a meta-analysis.

Conclusions

This review highlights the heterogeneous methodology of the peer-reviewed literature on ASDeg and ASDz after ACDF and the paucity of high-level clinical data published on these conditions. Despite the low level of evidence to define the incidence of ASDeg and ASDz, it is clear that radiographic ASDeg is more common than symptomatic ASDz, indicating that adjacent segment pathology remains subclinical in a large subset of patients. This analysis underscores the need for standardized radiographic measures in the assessment of ASDeg and validated clinical outcome measures for ASDz after ACDF. Consistent methodology and multi-surgeon collaboration may improve the quality of clinical data on ASDeg and ASDz and elucidate the true etiology and incidence of these conditions.     

颈椎人工椎间盘置换后对相邻节段退变的影响

目的:观察单节段颈椎人工椎间盘置换术后相邻节段退变情况。方法:截止到2010年10月在我院行单节段颈椎人工椎间盘置换术后随访20个月以上且资料完整、既往无颈椎手术史的患者80例,置换节段为C3/4 8例,C4/5 15例,C5/6 49例,C6/7 8例;41例为Bryan Disc置换术,39例为ProDisc-C置换术。对比术前和末次随访时X线片、MRI相邻节段退变情况。相邻节段退变定义为X线片上椎间隙高度丢失与术前相比大于10%,形成肉眼可见新生骨赘或原有骨赘增大,前纵韧带钙化;在MRI T2加权像上采用Miyazaki颈椎间盘退变分级方法观察相邻节段椎间盘退变情况。结果:随访20~64个月,平均38个月。末次随访时X线片上160个相邻节段中,8个下相邻节段因肩部X线遮挡而显示不清,符合条件的152个相邻节段中21个(13.8%)出现退变,其中Bryan Disc置换术组退变发生率为10.0%,ProDisc-C置换术组退变发生率为18.1%;47例患者获得了MRI随访,94个相邻节段中14个(14.9%)椎间盘退变分级加重1级,其中Bryan Disc置换术组退变加重发生率为12.5%,ProDisc-C置换术组退变加重发生率为22.7%。未出现相邻节段疾病。结论:颈椎人工椎间盘置换术后平均38个月随访相邻节段退变表现加重者不足15%,不同类型的假体对相邻节段退变的影响可能存在一定差异。     

Intraspinous postlaminectomy pseudomeningocele

Pseudomeningoceles are uncommon complications of lumbar surgery. They are encapsulated cerebrospinal fluid collections developing extradurally as a consequence of incidental dural tears. They are typically located in the paraspinal compartment and occasionally reach the subcutaneous space. We describe the case of a patient in whom a postlaminectomy pseudomeningocele developed over a 10-year period within the L5 spinous process and remained completely encircled within its bony boundaries. The surgical implications of this finding are discussed.     

颈3椎板切除单开门成形术对颈椎轴性症状的影响

目的对传统C3～7椎板成形术进行改良,探讨C3切除、C4～7成形的改良椎板成形术是否相对于传统的椎板成形术能有效降低术后颈椎轴性症状的发生。方法2002年3月至2005年3月,接受C3椎板切除的椎板成形术并获得完整随访的44例颈椎病患者作为试验组(A组),平均随访时间为18个月(12～27个月);同期接受传统椎板成形术并获得完整随访的50例患者作为对照组(B组),平均随访时间为27个月(12～40个月)。对两组患者手术前后的JOA评分、颈椎曲度指数、颈椎活动度及轴性症状严重程度进行比较评估。结果JOA评分恢复率,A组患者为59.2%±11.3%,B组患者为60.1%±19.5%,两组差异无统计学意义。A组术后有明显轴性症状患者的比例为22.7%,B组为54.0%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组患者术后颈椎曲度指数丢失2.1%±1.6%,B组患者术后颈椎曲度指数丢失6.4%±3.2%,两组患者手术前后颈椎曲度的变化差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。A组患者术后颈椎活动度丢失4.6°±4.0°,B组患者术后颈椎活动度丢失11.6°±7.8°,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论C3椎板切除的椎板成形术在获得良好神经减压效果的同时,可以维持颈半棘肌结构和功能的完整性,减少对颈椎后伸机制的破坏,从而降低术后颈椎轴性症状的发生率。     

The change of adjacent segment after cervical disc arthroplasty compared with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background Context

Many meta-analyses have been performed to study the efficacy of cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) compared with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF); however, there are few data referring to adjacent segment within these meta-analyses, or investigators are unable to arrive at the same conclusion in the few meta-analyses about adjacent segment. With the increased concerns surrounding adjacent segment degeneration (ASDeg) and adjacent segment disease (ASDis) after anterior cervical surgery, it is necessary to perform a comprehensive meta-analysis to analyze adjacent segment parameters.

颈椎前路椎间融合术后邻近节段的病变研究

[目的]研究颈椎前路椎间融合术后症状性邻近节段病变的发生率以及预测其发生的因素。[方法]112例颈椎间盘突出症或颈椎病接受颈椎前路椎体问融合术患者，行术后症状的评价，神经学检查及系列放射学检查，分析症状性邻近节段病变的发生率与临床和影像学参数的关系。症状性邻近节段病变的发生率通过Kaplan-Meier生存分析法进行统计，各参数与症状性邻近节段病变的发生率之间的关系通过u检验和t检验分析。[结果]随访时间2—19a，平均9．4a。112例患者中有19例（17％）出现了症状性邻近节段病变，其中男12例，女7例。Kaplan-Meier生存分析法分析未出现症状邻近节段病变的患者比率，5a时比率为89％，10a时为84％，17a时为67％。出现症状性邻近节段病变的病例中，术前脊髓造影上邻近节段硬膜有明显压迹或MRI上邻近节段椎间盘突出的发生率明显高于未出现症状性邻近节段病变的病例（P分别为0．0087及0．0299，双样本t检验）。而其他参数没有显著性差异。7名患者因保守治疗无效而进行了手术。[结论]当术前脊髓造影或MRI显示该节段存在无症状性椎间盘退变时，颈椎前路椎体间植骨融合术后症状性邻近节段病变的发生率明显高，与融合的节段数、术前颈椎曲度、椎管的直径或融合节段的曲度都无关。     

中下段颈椎的蠕变特性及前后路手术对其的影响

目的：研究中下段颈椎的蠕变特性,并评估前路椎间盘切除植骨术与后路椎板成形术对其的影响。方法：对６例新鲜尸体颈段脊柱,在模拟生理状态下进行屈曲及伸展位的蠕变特性研究,测定完整颈椎及手术后颈椎蠕变效应。结果：得出在恒应力条件下应变－时间数据及曲线。结论：颈椎有着极好的蠕变能力。屈的蠕变量要比伸的蠕变量大。椎板成形术及颈椎前路间盘切除植骨术都使颈椎的蠕变能力降低,前路间盘切除植骨术的影响更大。     

颈椎前路融合术后相邻节段退变的手术治疗

目的：探讨颈椎前路减压融合术后相邻节段退变的手术治疗方法与效果。方法：自2000年3月至2011年3月,采用手术治疗颈椎前路减压融合术后相邻节段退变患者27例,男16例,女11例;年龄48—72岁,平均55．3岁。术后通过JOA评分、影像学检查,评价手术疗效。结果：所有病例获得随访,时间1．8～712年,平均3．6年。病变节段减压充分、脊髓膨隆良好,内固定无松动,无颈椎节段不稳发生。术后神经根性痛消失,神经功能明显改善。术前、术后3d、末次随访JOA评分分别为9．15±3．46,13．96±2．79,13．52±2．91,手术前后比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。椎间高度和生理曲度与术前比较均有明显改善（P〈0．05）。结论：对于有脊髓神经症状体征的相邻节段退变应尽早手术治疗,以解除脊髓压迫,重建脊柱稳定,根据受压部位不同,采用合理的手术方法大多能获得满意的效果。     

颈椎人工椎间盘置换与椎间盘切除融合术后邻近节段退变比较研究的Meta分析

目的 :通过Meta分析系统评价颈椎人工间盘置换术(cervical total disc replacement,TDR)与颈前路椎间盘切除融合术(anterior cervical discectomy and fusion,ACDF)对邻近节段退变(adjacent segment degeneration,ASDeg)、邻近节段病(adjacent segment disease,ASDis)发生的影响。方法 :根据Cochrane系统评价指南,通过Pub Med、Medline、EMBASE、Cochrane图书馆、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)和万方数据库(Wanfang Database)检索2002年1月~2016年6月之间关于TDR和ACDF术后出现ASDeg、ASDis的随机对照试验(randomized controlled trials,RCTs),由两名研究人员独立筛选文章。纳入文献的方法学质量和偏倚风险通过Cochrane系统评价指南进行评价,提取数据包括ASDeg、ASDis以及再手术率的相关信息,研究结果以ASDeg和ASDis的发生作为直接结果,以邻近节段再手术率作为间接结果评估邻近节段病变的发生,并根据随访时间和研究地点分层进行亚组分析,最终对整篇Meta分析通过证据质量分级和推荐强度系统(the grades of recommendation,assessment,development and evaluation,GRADE)进行质量评估。结果 :共纳入了11篇RCTs,包括2632名研究对象。对于整体的ASD(包括直接和间接结果),TDR的发生率明显低于ACDF(OR=0.6;95%CI[0.38,0.73];P0.00001),差异有统计学意义。ASDeg和再手术率方面,TDR相对于ACDF具有明显优势(分别为OR=0.58,95%CI[0.46,0.72],P0.00001和OR=0.52,95%CI[0.30,0.87],P=0.01)。以随访时间5年为分界点,不论随访5年还是≥5年,在ASDeg发生率上,TDR的优势都比ACDF显著(分别为OR=0.63,P=0.001;OR=0.49,P=0.0002),并且这种优势可能随时间延长有扩大趋势。以研究地点分层,不论在美国(7篇RCTs)还是中国(4篇RCTs),TDR在邻近节段退变(ASDeg)发生率上均有优势(P0.0001,P=0.03)。根据GRADE评分,该Meta分析的质量级别为中等质量。结论:与ACDF相比,TDR在降低ASDeg和再手术率方面具有优势。     

颈椎前路融合术后邻近节段退变的危险因素研究进展

颈椎前路椎间盘切除融合术（anterior cervical discectomy and fusion,ACDF）应用于临床近百年,取得了良好的临床疗效,被认为是治疗颈椎病的金标准。但融合术后邻近节段退变（adjacent segment degeneration,ASDeg）受到越来越多的关注,关于其发生机制的争论主要集中在融合术导致邻近节段生物应力的改变与年龄相关的自然退变。融合术后发生ASDeg将严重影响手术的中远期疗效,部分患者甚至需要二次手术治疗。为了降低甚至避免ASDeg的发生,临床上出现许多新的技术,诸如保留运动节段的人工椎间盘置换术,新兴的细胞移植技术等,但临床疗效仍需要大量的研究进行证实。因此,发现融合术后发生ASDeg的危险因素对于临床开展融合手术具有重要的意义。目前对于ASDeg危险因素的研究仍无统一认识,本文将从颈椎前路融合术后发生ASDeg的危险因素的研究进展及相应应对措施作一综述,以指导临床实践。     

腰椎融合术后发生邻近节段退行性变的研究进展

随着脊柱手术方法的日趋成熟和内固定器械的日新月异,脊柱融合术的成功率有了明显提高。然而术后长期随访并发症也日益引起脊柱外科医师的关注,尤其是融合内固定术后邻近节段退变（adjacent segment degenera-tion,ASD）的问题变得更为突出,因其可引起临床症状,影响预后,正成为基础和临床研究的热点。本文从ASD发生的机制,影响ASD的因素,ASD的治疗策略,ASD的预防做一综述。     

棘突椎板截骨回植在腰椎手术中的应用

目的：探讨腰椎后路手术中棘突椎板截骨回植的方法及疗效。方法：回顾性分析我院骨科自2000年11月至2004年7月收治的腰椎间盘突出症及腰椎管狭窄症患者中123例接受了腰椎棘突椎板截骨回植术患者的临床资料及治疗效果。结果：107例获得2个月～3年8个月随访（平均16．5个月）,复查CT示回植骨块完全愈合,椎管得到扩大,骨愈合率达100％。无腰椎不稳及继发性腰椎管狭窄等并发症发生。结论：腰椎后路手术中,将截下的棘突椎板以不同方式回植,重建腰椎后部结构的完整性及稳定性,可以防止术后腰椎不稳及医源性腰椎管狭窄等并发症的发生。     

人工颈椎间盘置换术后邻近节段退变情况的早中期随访

目的研究人工颈椎间盘置换术治疗颈椎病的临床疗效及邻近节段退变情况。方法 2008年1月-2010年10月,采用人工颈椎间盘置换术治疗颈椎病患者39例。其中男20例,女19例;年龄32～60岁,平均45.7岁。病程1个月～10年,平均30个月。其中脊髓型颈椎病26例,神经根型颈椎病11例,混合型颈椎病2例(神经根型加脊髓型)。单节段病变27例,双节段病变12例。使用Prestige假体9例、Prodisc-C假体4例、Discover假体26例。采用日本骨科协会(JOA)评分评价患者神经功能恢复情况,测量置换节段及邻近节段活动度(Cobb角变化),并采用Kellgren X线颈椎退变分级评估法对邻近节段颈椎间盘退变情况进行评价。结果所有患者均顺利完成手术,术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合。39例均获随访,随访时间12～36个月,平均23.1个月。末次随访时患者JOA评分较术前显著提高(P<0.05),置换节段及置换节段相邻上、下位节段活动度与术前比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。根据Kellgren X线椎间盘退变分级评价结果显示,末次随访时有5例患者出现退变情况改变,其中从无(0级)退变为轻度(1、2级)3例,由轻度1级退变到轻度2级1例,由轻度2级退变到中度(3级)1例,退变发生率为12.8%,但退变情况分级与术前比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.793,P=0.406)。术后15个月(32例患者)邻近椎间盘未发生退变情况。结论人工颈椎间盘置换术治疗颈椎病有良好疗效,可较好地保留置换节段及邻近节段活动度,并可能对邻近节段的椎间盘起保护作用。     

后路减压结合Dynesys动态内固定治疗腰椎退变性疾病的中期疗效

目的:评估后路减压结合Dynesys动态内固定治疗腰椎退变性疾病的中期疗效.方法:回顾分析2008年7月～2010年5月采用后路减压结合Dynesys动态内固定治疗的腰椎退变性疾病患者59例,其中腰椎管狭窄症38例,腰椎间盘突出症21例.记录患者术前、术后3个月及末次随访时Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)和疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分,测量术前、术后3个月及末次随访时手术节段活动度(ROM)、椎间高度及上位相邻节段ROM,评估上位相邻节段影像学和症状学退变的发生情况.结果:55例患者获得完整随访,随访48～70个月,平均54个月.术后3个月和末次随访时的ODI分别为(24.1±5.7)％和(15.9±6.3)％,均较术前的(56.3±16.4)％明显改善(P＜0.05).术后3个月和末次随访时的VAS评分分别为2.9±1.5和1.4±0.5,均较术前的6.7±2.7明显改善(P＜0.05).手术节段ROM由术前的(7.6±2.5)°保留至术后3个月的(4.5±2.8)°以及末次随访时的(4.9±2.3)°(P＜0.05).手术节段椎间高度在术后3个月为13.4±2.6mm,较术前12.3±2.7mm明显升高(P＜0.05);末次随访时为12.1±3.2mm,与术前差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).上位相邻节段ROM由术前的(8.1±3.0)o增加至术后3个月的(9.3±3.2)°,至末次随访时达到(10.0±2.9)°(P＜0.05).末次随访时,7例(12.7％)患者出现上位相邻节段影像学退变,1例患者出现上位相邻节段症状学退变而接受二次Dynesys内固定手术.结论:后路减压结合Dynesys动态内固定能够获得良好的中期临床疗效.在中期随访时,Dynesys动态内固定能够保留手术节段部分活动度,存在一定程度的相邻节段退变.     

There is no increased risk of adjacent segment disease at the cervicothoracic junction following an anterior cervical discectomy and fusion to C7

Background Context

Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a very common operative intervention for the treatment of cervical spine degenerative disease in those who have failed non-operative measures. However, studies examining long-term follow-up on patients who underwent ACDF reveal evidence of radiographic and clinical degenerative disc disease at the levels adjacent to the fusion construct. Consistent with other junctional regions of the spine, the cervicothoracic junction (CTJ) has significant morphologic variations. As a result, the CTJ undergoes significant static and dynamic stress. Given these findings, there has been some thought that ACDF down to C7 may experience additional risks for adjacent segment degeneration/disease (ASD) when compared with ASDFs that are cephalad to C7.

单节段颈椎间盘置换术对相邻颈椎节段退变的影响

目的比较单节段人工颈椎间盘置换术(CDA)与单节段颈椎前路减压融合术(ACDF)对相邻颈椎节段退变的影响。方法收集自2007-02—2011-08共150例纳入队列研究。行CDA 45例、ACDF 105例。比较2组术前、术后颈椎疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS法)、颈椎功能障碍指数(NDI)、日本骨科协会(JOA)评分、手术节段活动度(ROM)评价疗效。常规拍摄颈椎正侧位、过伸过屈位X线片,或行颈椎CT或(和)MRI进一步检查,以改良的Hilibrand法评价相邻节段退变程度。结果 2组均获得随访4年。ADR可以明显保留节段运动,但二者在术后VAS评分、NDI评分、JOA评分,及相邻节段退变率上差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 CDA减少相邻节段的退变并不明确,仍需要大量严格随机对照试验的长时间、大样本观察。     

Adjacent segment infection after surgical treatment of spondylodiscitis

Background

This is the first case series to describe adjacent segment infection (ASI) after surgical treatment of spondylodiscitis (SD).

Materials and methods

Patients with SD, spondylitis who were surgically treated between 1994 and 2012 were included. Out of 1187 cases, 23 (1.94 %) returned to our institution (Zentralklinik Bad Berka) with ASI: 10 males, 13 females, with a mean age of 65.1 years and a mean follow-up of 69 months.

Results

ASI most commonly involved L3–4 (seven patients), T12–L1 (five) and L2–3 (four). The mean interval between operations of primary infection and ASI was 36.9 months. All cases needed surgical intervention, debridement, reconstruction and fusion with longer instrumentation, with culture and sensitivity-based postoperative antimicrobial therapy. At last follow-up, six patients (26.1 %) were mobilized in a wheelchair with a varying degree of paraplegia (three had pre-existing paralysis). Three patients died within 2 months after the ASI operation (13 %). Excellent outcomes were achieved in five patients, and good in eight.

Conclusions

Adjacent segment infection after surgical treatment of spondylodiscitis is a rare complication (1.94 %). It is associated with multimorbidity and shows a high mortality rate and a high neurological affection rate. Possible explanations are: haematomas of repeated micro-fractures around screw loosening, haematogenous spread, direct inoculation or a combination of these factors. ASI may also lead to proximal junctional kyphosis, as found in this series. We suggest early surgical intervention with anterior debridement, reconstruction and fusion with posterior instrumentation, followed by antimicrobial therapy for 12 weeks.

Level of evidence

Level IV retrospective uncontrolled case series.

     

腰椎融合术后邻近节段退化的系统回顾分析

目的 探讨腰椎融合术导致融合邻近节段退化(ASDet)发生的概率、发病机制及危险因素.方法 通过计算机检索和人工检索,对近30年来国内外发表的关于腰椎融合术导致邻近节段退化的文献进行系统回顾.结果 共搜索到301篇相关文献,筛选出30篇符合人选标准的文献.本研究发现ASDet发病率波动在6.3％～100％,邻近节段退变(ASDeg)发病率波动范围8％～100％,邻近节段疾病(ASDis)发病率波动范围6.3％～27.4％.ASDeg平均发病率高于ASDis,P=6.751×10-7(P＜0.05).多种影响因素参与ASDet的发生.结论 ASDet、ASDeg 、ASDis发病率差异较大.目前ASDet发生的机制仍不明,绝大多数学者认为与手术引起的邻近节段生物力学机制改变有关.年龄大于60岁、使用内固定器械、损伤上方小关节、改变腰椎前凸和骶倾角、破坏腰椎后方组织结构、已绝经妇女是邻近节段退化性疾病发生的危险因素.然而长节段融合是否导致ASDet的发病率增高还有待进一步研究.     

不同术式对多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者颈椎矢状位形态的矫形效果

目的 通过对比颈椎前路椎间盘切除融合术（ACDF）、椎板切除融合术（LCF）和椎板成形术（LP）后颈椎矢状位形态改变情况,比较三者对多节段脊髓型颈椎病（MCSM）患者颈椎矢状位的矫形效果及对矫形效果的维持能力。方法 2016年1月—2019年12月,首都医科大学宣武医院收治MCSM患者188例,其中47例采用ACDF治疗（ACDF组）、72例采用LCF治疗（LCF组）,69例采用LP治疗（LP组）。根据术前颈椎前凸角（CL,C_2-7 Cobb角）将患者分为后凸型（CL < 0°）、平直型（0°≤CL < 10°）、前凸型（10°≤CL < 20°）和过度前凸型（CL≥20°）。根据术前和术后CL计算不同术式的前凸改变量（末次随访CL-术前CL）、前凸矫正量（术后1周CL-术前CL）和前凸丢失量（术后1周CL-末次随访CL）。采用日本骨科学会（JOA）评分和颈椎功能障碍指数（NDI）评估临床疗效。结果 3组临床疗效差异无统计学意义。ACDF组前凸改变量、前凸矫正量大于LCF组和LP组,差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。ACDF可增加后凸型、平直型和前凸型患者的CL,随访中虽有部分丢失,但至末次随访时矫形效果维持良好;过度前凸型患者术后CL轻微增加,但随访时逐渐减小,过度前凸缓解。LCF可增加后凸型、平直型患者的CL,随访中前凸丢失量少于ACDF,但末次随访时矫形效果仍不如ACDF。LP术后各型患者CL均降低,但随访过程中前凸丢失量小于ACDF和LCF。结论 ACDF矫形能力较强,可用于治疗各种颈椎曲度类型MCSM患者,LCF适用于后凸型、平直型MCSM患者,LP可用于治疗CL > 10°的MCSM患者。MCSM手术方式的选择除常规考虑脊髓压迫位置、手术节段等,还应考虑患者颈椎矢状位形态特点。     

颈椎融合术后邻近节段退变的相关影响因素

目的 :探讨颈椎融合术后邻近节段退变(adjacent segment degeneration,ASD)的相关影响因素。方法:收集2009年1月31日~2011年1月31日在我科行颈椎前路减压植骨融合钢板内固定术治疗的患者,按照纳入和排除标准,共有235例患者纳入本研究,其中男126例,女109例,手术时年龄33~70岁,随访时间5~7年。在术前、术后1周以及末次随访时均行颈椎标准正侧位X线片及MRI检查,记录患者的年龄、性别、随访时间、融合节段数等,通过X线片测量并计算术前颈椎管率、手术前后颈椎弧弦距、钢板边缘至手术节段椎体边缘的距离(plate to disc distance,PDD)等影像学指标。根据X线片上Kellgren退变分级法和MRI上Miyazaki椎间盘退变分级法,将患者分为无ASD组和影像学ASD组。采用t检验及χ2检验比较两组间各指标的差异,用Logistic回归分析ASD的相关影响因素。结果 :末次随访时共有107例患者(45.53%)出现影像学ASD。影像学ASD组患者手术时年龄为39~70岁(53.47±6.33岁),术后弧弦距为0~10.30mm(5.58±2.34mm),上、下PPD均5mm 50例,上或下PPD5mm 43例,上、下PPD均≥5mm 14例;无ASD组患者年龄为33~61岁(47.56±5.39岁),术后弧弦距0.10~11.21mm(7.63±2.85mm),上、下PPD均5mm 39例,上或下PPD5mm 62例,上、下均≥5mm 27例,两组患者手术时年龄、术后弧弦距、PDD差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);两组性别比、融合节段数、术前弧弦距、术前与术后弧弦距的差值以及术前颈椎管率均无统计学差异(P0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示手术时年龄、PDD、术后弧弦距与ASD发生率均有显著相关性(P0.05)。结论:手术时年龄、术后颈椎弧弦距、PDD与颈椎融合术后影像学ASD显著性相关,手术时年龄越大、术后颈椎生理前凸恢复不佳以及PDD5mm更容易发生ASD。