胸椎黄韧带骨化症的诊断与治疗

目的:研究胸椎黄韧带骨化症的诊断与治疗。方法:分析对比23例患者的临床表现、影像学检查和手术方法。结果:23例胸椎黄韧带骨化症患者行后路全椎板切除椎管减压术,随访时间平均2.3年,结果优11例,良7例,可2例,差3例,优良率87%,有效率91.3%。结论:CT和MRI是诊断胸椎黄韧带骨化症最直接和最可靠的手段,但要结合临床,手术是治疗胸椎黄韧带骨化症最有效的方法。     

手术治疗胸椎黄韧带骨化症的护理

随着脊髓造影、ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ检查的不断发展 ,黄韧带骨化症 (ＯＬＦ)已被公认为是一种独立的临床性疾病 ,并引起人们的关注[1] 。胸椎黄韧带骨化症目前发病机制不清 ,可能与慢性退行性变、炎症、氟代谢等有关 ,是导致椎管狭窄、脊髓受压的重要原因之一。目前认为手术是治疗胸椎黄韧带骨化症的唯一方法[2 ] 。现将护理体会介绍如下 :1　临床资料本组病例中男性 12例 ,女性 2例 ,年龄最小 2 6岁 ,最大 6 5岁 ,平均 4 2岁。病程最长 15年 ,最短 5月 ,临床主要症状 :胸腹部紧束感 4例 ,一侧或双侧腰腿痛 5例 ,肢体麻木 14例 ,无力 7例 ,间歇性跛…     

胸椎黄韧带骨化症患者围手术期护理

目的：总结胸椎黄韧带骨化症（OLF）患者围手术期护理，促进患者早日康复。方法：对18例OLF患者针对性地做好术前心理护理、适应性训练，术后严密观察双下肢感觉运动变化，做好体位、脑脊液漏的护理，康复训练及并发症的预防。结果：提高了患者生存质量。结论：OLF手术复杂、难度大，充分的围手术期护理是提高手术成功率和减少并发症的关键。     

胸椎黄韧带骨化症12例手术治疗

胸椎黄韧带骨化症(OLF)是指胸椎黄韧带骨化、突入椎管导致脊髓压迫而产生的一系列临床症状和体征。该病在胸椎特别是下胸椎多见,是胸椎管狭窄症及随之而来的瘫痪的常见原因,多数患者因此丧失工作和生活能力,我们运用汽钻法整块半关节突椎板切除术治疗胸椎黄韧带骨化症12例,疗效明显。     

胸椎黄韧带骨化手术的中短期疗效

目的：回顾总结胸椎黄韧带骨化致胸髓病变患者的临床资料,探讨减压手术的中短期疗效。方法：患者23例（女性9例,男性14例）,平均年龄55.1±7.2岁。每例患者均由磁共振成像明确诊断,术前均有下肢功能障碍。大多数患者同时并发其他脊柱病变。所有患者均行减压手术,在低于胸10节段的病例,同时进行椎弓根螺钉内固定,后外侧植骨融合术。采用日本矫形外科协会（JOA）评分对手术疗效进行评价。结果：所有患者术后1年都得到随访,目前已有8例随访超过6年。JOA评分均值由术前的5.6提高到术后1年的8.8,平均恢复率为57.8%。结论：手术是胸椎黄韧带骨化引起脊髓病变后唯一有效的治疗方法,避免损伤胸髓是手术的关键。手术的短期疗效相对较好,但中期有症状加重的趋势。     

胸椎黄韧带骨化的治疗与康复

胸椎黄韧带骨化是一种较少见的疾病。我们经手术及病理证实胸椎黄韧带骨化 16例 ,并就其病因、诊断和治疗进行探讨 ,现报告如下。1　资料和方法1.1　一般情况男 7例 ,女 9例。年龄 3 0～ 64岁 ,平均 46岁。病程半年至 5年 ,平均 2 7个月。7例有不同程度的腰背部外伤史 ,13例为长期从事体力劳动者。1.2　临床表现多起病隐匿 ,病情发展缓慢。常见就诊原因为 :下肢无力、行走困难 (13例 ) ,下肢憋胀麻木 (9例 ) ,腰背部束带感 (3例 ) ,二便障碍 (1例 )。以腰背部外伤后截瘫就诊 3例。神经系统主要体征为 :下肢肌张力增高 (11例 ) ,肌力减弱 (13…     

手术治疗胸椎黄韧带骨化症11例分析

目的：探讨胸椎黄韧带骨化症的手术方法和疗效。方法：对采用“揭盖式”椎管后壁切除术治疗胸椎黄韧带骨化症11例的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：全部病例经术后随访1-7 a,手术优良率为81.8%。结论：“揭盖式”椎管后壁切除术治疗胸椎黄韧带骨化症疗效满意。     

胸椎黄韧带骨化症外科治疗56例功能恢复相关分析

背景：胸椎黄韧带骨化症手术难度大，手术技巧要求高，处理不当易发生神经功能障碍加重。 目的：分析胸椎黄韧带骨化症的手术方法及功能恢复情况。 设计：病例分析。 单位：解放军第二军医大学长征医院骨科。 对象：长征医院骨科1996-08／2003-08收治的胸椎黄韧带骨化症患者56例。 方法：所有患者进行手术治疗：①对于MRI，CT检查胸椎黄韧带骨化为局灶型，病变范围不超过2个节段，采用单纯后路椎管后壁切除减压，共19例。②涉及2个以上节段，可采用单侧开门整块椎板撬拨法，共29例。③胸椎同一平面胸椎黄韧带骨化症合并胸椎间盘突出或后纵韧带骨化时，采用后正中入路＋侧后方入路的次环状减压治疗，共8例。 主要观察指标：根据Epstein标准评价功能恢复情况，优：感觉、运动恢复到接近正常；良：脊髓功能明显改善，借支具行走；可：感觉、运动功能小部分恢复，仍不能行走；差：无效或加重。 结果：55例随访1年以上，1例随访至术后2个月。①其中功能恢复优39例，良8例，可5例，差4例。②术后症状恢复依次为束带感消失，肌张力下降，麻木减轻。③术后3-6个月是恢复较快的时期，部分患者术后1年仍有改善，2年以后基本无再进步；完全截瘫者恢复较差；病史长、截瘫重者恢复亦差。 结论：胸椎黄韧带骨化所导致的脊髓压迫症须早期手术治疗，可根据不同情况选择胸椎管后壁切除减压及侧后方入路的次环状减压的手术方式。     

后路椎板减压术治疗胸椎黄韧带骨化症的围手术期护理

胸椎黄韧带骨化症（Ossification of thoracic ligamentum flavum，OTLF）是导致胸椎管狭窄的重要原因之一,其发病原因及机制尚不十分明确，临床症状无特征性，MRI结合CT或CTM是诊断OTLF的常用方法，手术减压是唯一有效的治疗方法。对胸椎管实施减压术比腰椎颈椎的危险性大，发生并发症的机会多。我院2003年2月～2011年5月共收治37例OTLF病例，均实施了手术治疗，经过精心护理，效果较好。现将围手术期护理报告如下。     

下胸椎黄韧带骨化减压后效果分析:16例随访

下胸椎黄韧带骨化症患者16例，男9例，女7例，年龄39～75岁。患者临床症状呈多样化，术前影像学检查显示病变及非病变节段的椎间盘为广泛退行性变。均采取后路全椎板薄层减压，保留小关节突外侧1／2。16例患者均获得随访。15例术后症状立即缓解，无术后加重期。1例经过7d的加重期后逐渐缓解，考虑为术中器械震动所致。术后发生脑脊液漏1例，经脑脊液引流和换药愈合。感觉障碍及下肢麻木、疼痛完全恢复12例，大部分恢复2例，部分恢复1例，1例无明显缓解。     

Preliminary report of modified expansive laminoplasty in the treatment of thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum

ObjectiveThis study was performed to evaluate the role of posterior suspension of the laminae–ossification of the ligamentum flavum complex combined with miniplate fixation (modified expansive thoracic laminoplasty) in treating thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum (TOLF).MethodsEight patients with TOLF treated by modified expansive thoracic laminoplasty were retrospectively analyzed. Their general information, operative time, intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative complications were recorded. Neurological functional recovery was evaluated by the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) score and Hirabayashi recovery rate preoperatively, postoperatively, and at the final follow-up. Preoperative and postoperative imaging was performed, and the decompression range and internal fixation positioning were evaluated.ResultsThe mJOA score significantly improved from 4.63 points preoperatively to 9.0 points at the final follow-up (Hirabayashi recovery rate of 77.75%). Postoperative computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed sufficient decompression of the surgical segment. At the final follow-up, the internal implants were well-placed, the lamina–ligamentum flavum complex showed no significant displacement, and neurological functional recovery was satisfactory.ConclusionSurgical treatment of TOLF is complicated and high-risk. Characterized by simplicity and sufficient decompression, modified expansive thoracic laminoplasty can reduce the risk of cerebrospinal fluid leakage and nerve injury with satisfactory neurological functional recovery.     

Progressive enlargement of thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum in professional baseball pitchers: a report of two cases

Both systemic and local factors might influence the development of ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF); however, whether specific physical activities play a role in the development of OLF remains unclear. This report presents two cases of thoracic radiculopathy owing to progressive enlargement of thoracic OLF within a few years in Japanese professional baseball pitchers. Two left-handed, Japanese, professional baseball pitchers in their 20s experienced thoracic radiating pain. Mild hypesthesia of the lower thoracic vertebral levels was observed, and an increase in the size of the OLF within a few years was identified in the lower thoracic spine using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Neither patient exhibited myelopathy and were, therefore, treated conservatively. Both patients were able to return to playing in top condition within 4 months after onset. The findings in these cases suggest that thoracic OLF might increase in size and become exacerbated in certain individuals, such as professional pitchers, who experience repeated, localized, mechanical stress on the thoracic spine, irrespective of age.     

Thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum causing Brown-Séquard syndrome: a case report and literature review

Brown-Séquard syndrome (BSS) has many etiologies, including penetrating trauma, extramedullary tumors, and disc herniation. However, thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF) is an extremely rare cause of this syndrome. A 46-year-old woman with motor weakness in her right lower extremity and urinary retention was admitted to our department. Based on the results of physical examination, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, a diagnosis of BSS with OLF was considered. The patient underwent urgent conservative treatment. BSS is a rare condition characterized by hemisection or hemicompression of the spinal marrow. The herein-described case of incomplete BSS due to OLF responded to conservative treatment. However, the successful nonoperative management of this case is insufficient evidence to consider it as the standard of care. Therefore, emergency laminectomy decompression remains the standard of care for BSS.     

腰椎管狭窄症肥厚黄韧带的病理学研究及其与腰椎过度伸屈运动的相关性

目的:观察弹性纤维与胶原在正常黄韧带和肥厚黄韧带内不同应力部位的变化情况,探讨腰椎过度屈伸活动造成黄韧带损伤后其内部胶原过度表达所致纤维化与黄韧带厚度的相关性。方法:腰椎手术中收集黄韧带标本20例,其中10例来自腰椎间盘突出患者正常厚度黄韧带,设为对照组(n=10);10例来自因黄韧带肥厚导致腰椎管狭窄患者的黄韧带(n=10)。对比正常黄韧带和肥厚黄韧带及肥厚黄韧带不同应力部位(腹侧部、中间部、背侧部)之间的弹性纤维和胶原表达差异;鉴定表达胶原类型;分析黄韧带厚度与黄韧带纤维化程度的相关性。结果:两组患者黄韧带厚度存在显著性差异(P0.01);肥厚黄韧带内弹性纤维减少、胶原表达增多,纤维化程度明显高于正常黄韧带组;应力集中的肥厚黄韧带背侧部胶原表达增多、纤维化程度明显高于中间部和腹侧部;过度表达的胶原为Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型胶原;黄韧带厚度与黄韧带纤维化程度呈显著正相关(r=0.77)。结论:弹性纤维减少、Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型胶原表达增多形成纤维化是导致黄韧带肥厚造成腰椎管狭窄的主要病因,在应力集中的黄韧带背侧部表达更显著,脊柱康复运动应避免过度腰椎屈伸活动。     

The effect of direction specific thoracic spine manipulation on the cervical spine: a randomized controlled trial

Objectives: To determine the difference on neck outcomes with directional manipulation to the thoracic spine. There is evidence that thoracic spine manipulation is effective in treating patients with neck pain. However, there is no research that determines if the assessment of directional hypomobility and the selection of thrust direction offer improved outcomes.

Methods: A total of 69 patients with cervical spine pain were randomly assigned to receive either a manipulation that was consistent with their thoracic spine motion loss (matched) or opposite their motion loss (unmatched). The patient was given care consistent with the orthopedic section guidelines for neck pain and the physical therapist’s clinical reasoning. Baseline outcome measures (NPRS, NDI, GROC) were taken and reassessed two days and two weeks after treatment.

Results: Both groups had positive results when pain, neck disability index, and global rating of change were assessed. There was no difference between the matched and unmatched groups.

Discussion: Directional manipulation of hypomobile thoracic spine segments may not be required to improved outcomes in patients with neck pain. Future studies should assess a variety of factors when determining the best available treatment, including manual therapy procedures, exercise, and patient selection.

Level of Evidence: 1b.     

胸腰椎骨折合并单纯脊髓圆锥损伤的手术治疗

目的：探讨胸腰椎骨折合并单纯脊髓圆锥损伤的手术治疗效果。方法：本组21例胸腰椎骨折合并单纯圆锥损伤，采用后方入路并内固定脊髓，前方推挤减压，结果：所有病人经1－9年的随访，15例于术手3个月左右大小便恢复正常，4例术后3个月左右圆锥功能部分恢复，大小便自解，存在尿潴留，直至术后第6个月后才恢复正常，2例术后未恢复，尿潴留，需留置尿管。结论：一旦胸腰椎骨折合并单纯圆锥损伤，应尽早手术，疗效较好。     

胸椎黄韧带骨化症外科治疗56例功能恢复相关分析

背景:胸椎黄韧带骨化症手术难度大,手术技巧要求高,处理不当易发生神经功能障碍加重。目的:分析胸椎黄韧带骨化症的手术方法及功能恢复情况。设计:病例分析。单位:解放军第二军医大学长征医院骨科。对象:长征医院骨科1996-08/2003-08收治的胸椎黄韧带骨化症患者56例。方法:所有患者进行手术治疗:①对于MRI,CT检查胸椎黄韧带骨化为局灶型,病变范围不超过2个节段,采用单纯后路椎管后壁切除减压,共19例。②涉及2个以上节段,可采用单侧开门整块椎板撬拨法,共29例。③胸椎同一平面胸椎黄韧带骨化症合并胸椎间盘突出或后纵韧带骨化时,采用后正中入路 侧后方入路的次环状减压治疗,共8例。主要观察指标:根据Epstein标准评价功能恢复情况,优:感觉、运动恢复到接近正常;良:脊髓功能明显改善,借支具行走;可:感觉、运动功能小部分恢复,仍不能行走;差:无效或加重。结果:55例随访1年以上,1例随访至术后2个月。①其中功能恢复优39例,良8例,可5例,差4例。②术后症状恢复依次为束带感消失,肌张力下降,麻木减轻。③术后3～6个月是恢复较快的时期,部分患者术后1年仍有改善,2年以后基本无再进步;完全截瘫者恢复较差;病史长、截瘫重者恢复亦差。结论:胸椎黄韧带骨化所导致的脊髓压迫症须早期手术治疗,可根据不同情况选择胸椎管后壁切除减压及侧后方入路的次环状减压的手术方式。