高速磨钻在侵袭性骨肿瘤治疗中的应用

目的：探讨高速磨钻在治疗侵袭性骨肿瘤治疗中的作用。方法：2000年4月～2001年9月收治长骨侵袭性骨肿瘤病例28例，采用高速磨钻方法治疗17例。首先，开窗刮除瘤腔内肿瘤组织，然后直视下应用高速磨钻沿各个方向仔细磨除瘤腔内壁表面骨嵴，尤其是瘤腔顶部，额外磨除瘤腔皮质骨下1～5mm的骨组织，直到显露正常骨质。必要时也磨除部分软骨下骨，部分病变区域需至关节软骨平面。即使病变部位骨皮质因侵蚀破坏后变薄或已经穿破，应用高速磨钻可能钻破骨皮质，也应继续磨除残留骨皮质，达到磨除干净为止。选择非结构性移植物，包括自体髂骨或同种异体骨、碳酸化羟基磷灰石，填充骨缺损。结果：术后平均随访时间16个月(7～24个月)。无局部复发及远处脏器转移。术后关节功能轻度受限1例；切口早期炎性反应2例；深部感染1例；病变部位远侧肿胀1例。未发生继发性病理骨折。结论：侵袭性骨肿瘤腔壁在肉眼和显微镜下均可见凸凹不平的骨嵴，常刮匙并不能刮除骨嵴间的肿瘤细胞。高速磨钻对骨组织具有较强的切割作用，能较易磨平凸出的骨嵴，虽然仍为病灶内手术，但应用高速磨钻后扩大了手术切除的范围，可以达到边缘切除的效果，保证手术的彻底性。高速磨钻的应用是减少侵袭性骨肿瘤复发的有效手段，值得普及、推广。     

电动吸切钻在鼻内镜微创手术中应用的体会

本文报道采用电动吸切钻行鼻内镜手术223例.其中鼻息肉切除联合鼻窦开放手术167例,治愈好转率92.8%(155/167);慢性肥厚性鼻炎下鼻甲部分切除术40例,全部治愈;鼻中隔偏曲嵴突切削磨除术6例,全部治愈;鼻腔内翻性乳头状瘤切除术10例,治愈9例,术后10月复发1例.作者认为鼻内镜手术中应用电动吸切钻是功能性鼻内镜外科技术的进一步完善,能准确安全切除病变组织.     

关节镜下切除胫骨近端孤立性骨软骨瘤

目的 探讨关节镜手术治疗胫骨近端孤立性骨软骨瘤的临床疗效及安全性。方法 2016年10月～2021年12月我科采用关节镜手术治疗胫骨近端孤立性骨软骨瘤23例。建立关节外假性腔隙，刨削刀、射频适当清理占位周围脂肪和纤维组织，完整显露骨软骨瘤体，磨钻或骨刀切断蒂部或基底部，髓核钳完整取出游离软骨帽，将标本送病理组织学检查，射频对创面止血，然后彻底冲洗，清理组织碎屑。采用视觉模拟评分(Visual Analogue Scale, VAS)、Lysholm评分等评价术后恢复情况。结果 手术时间30～75 min,平均51.3 min。术中病理：软骨组织、破碎骨组织及纤维组织，符合骨软骨瘤。23例术后随访12～29个月，平均17.2月，无骨软骨瘤复发，无感染、静脉血栓形成、膝内侧不稳、异位骨化等并发症。末次随访术区皮肤麻木范围中位数12.0(0.0,36.0)cm²,明显小于术后3个月51.0(12.0,72.6)cm²(Z=-3.724,P=0.000)。末次随访疼痛VAS评分中位数0.8(0.0,1.0)分，显著低于术前6.0(5.5,7.0)分(...     

骨软骨瘤致骨关节畸形7例诊治分析

目的：总结7例骨软骨瘤致骨与关节畸形病例的诊治经验。方法：所有患者均行X线检查，其中2例行CT检查；均行手术治疗，1例行单纯肿瘤切除，1例行肿瘤切除、下胫腓关节融合，2例行肿瘤切除、尺桡关节重建，3例行瘤骨段切除。结果：随访12～24个月，无复发。除桡骨近端切除者关节功能欠佳外，余者功能良好。结论：发生于解剖关系密切的两个相邻骨之间骨软骨瘤患者，表现特殊，一经确诊，应尽早手术，术中注意保持或修复关节的稳定性，保留良好的功能。     

脊柱骨软骨瘤

目的：脊柱骨软骨瘤很少见，诊断困难，为此本文回顾分析了１９７４年２月～１９９６年１月诊治的９例共１０个脊柱骨软骨瘤。材料与方法：本组成年男性４例、女性３例，少年男、女各１例。年龄平均３５．２岁。所有病变均经病理诊断证实。结果：１０个病变中，位于颈椎４个、胸椎５个、腰椎１个；除１个位于椎体与椎弓交界处外，其余９个均来自椎体附件；５个侵占椎管导致颈脊髓压迫３例、胸脊髓压迫１例、马尾压迫１例；３个累及神经根管致颈或胸神经根压迫３例，１个为无痛性包块。９例中，７例为单纯骨软骨瘤，１例为多发骨软骨瘤病有２个病变，１例骨软骨瘤软骨肉瘤恶变。Ｘ线仅能发现部分病变，且与四肢骨软骨瘤的影像特征不同。ＣＴ对诊断有较大价值。结论：骨软骨瘤好发于椎体附件特别是关节突，容易累及脊髓或神经根，因而对椎管内骨软骨瘤或多发骨软骨病累及脊柱者，应积极手术、彻底切除。     

复发恶性骨肿瘤的临床病理X线分析

复习１４例复发恶性骨肿瘤的临床、病理、Ｘ线资料。男１０例，女４例，年龄平均２７．８岁，骨肉瘤５例，骨巨细胞瘤３例，恶性纤维组织细胞瘤２例，软骨肉瘤３例，恶性骨母细胞瘤１例，通过分析发现复发的原因为：手术不彻底，术中没有按无瘤操作，手术前后没有及时、正确应用各种辅助治疗，复发常表现为：原手术部位疼痛或出现肿块，Ｘ线片示病变范围增大，瘤骨或瘤软骨形成或出现软组织肿块，ＥＳＲ和ＡＬＰ升高，复发后肿瘤的组织学类型无变化，但细胞的增殖能力较前增强，复发后若位于可完整切除的骨骼或周围软组织未受侵袭，可行保肢术；反之需行截肢或关节离断术。     

带血管T型支撑式骨移植修复胫骨上端腔隙性骨缺损

胫骨上端近关节处为良性肿瘤及肿瘤样变的好发部位，且常见于11～30岁青年人，病变可侵及关节软骨下松质骨。瘤体切除后形成软骨下较大范围腔隙性骨缺损，直接影响膝关节负重功能，传统自体骨移植存在取骨量大、愈合时间长、对关节软骨面支撑力差、容易造成软骨面塌陷等问题。既要彻底切除病灶，减少复发率，又要保留关节软骨，避免软骨面塌陷，最大限度地恢复关节功能，是修复重建外科领域的一大技术难题。为解决上述问题，我们在瘤体边缘切除并保留关节软骨面的前提下，设计了带血管腓骨、髂骨联合支撑式T型植骨（图1），较好地解决了软骨面塌陷问题。     

经单侧椎板"微孔"入路椎管内原发肿瘤的显微切除

目的 探讨椎管内原发肿瘤的微创治疗与脊柱功能保护的关系。方法 24例椎管内原发肿瘤位于颈段、胸段、腰段硬膜内或硬膜外腔，直径为0．9～3．0cm。精确定位下，根据肿瘤位置和大小情况，用磨钻磨开单侧椎板形成“微孔”，经此入路用显微手术全切除肿瘤。结果 经手术切除以及术后病理证实，神经纤维瘤、神经鞘瘤、脊膜瘤分别为9例、12例、3例，肿瘤全切除。术后3d均可转身运动，术后1周鼓励下床；无需要颈托、腰围等保护。术后3个月MR检查未见肿瘤残存或复发；随访6个月CT检查未见脊柱骨性结构变形。结论 单侧椎板“微孔”入路手术切除肿瘤彻底，是椎管内原发肿瘤的一种疗效较好的微创治疗方法。     

19例股骨颈原发溶骨性损害的手术治疗

目的：总结股骨颈原发溶骨性损害的手术治疗结果。方法：自1973－1999年共收治股骨颈原发溶骨性病损19例,其中瘤样样病变11例,良性肿瘤4例,恶性骨肿瘤2例,骨梗死2例,采用瘤段切除,人工股骨头置换1例,肿瘤刮除,骨水泥和髓内钉填塞,接骨板固定2例,肿瘤刮除植骨16例。结果：随访6个月－20年,平均5．8年,骨肉瘤患者术后2年死于肿瘤肺转移,软骨肉瘤患者术后1．5年肿瘤局部复发,行股骨近端置换,1例骨水泥和三翼钉植入者8年后患侧股骨粗隆部骨折,再次手术安装接骨板,3个月后骨折愈合,余患者4－8个月植骨融合,无股骨头坏死或塌陷,肿瘤无复发征象,结论：原发股骨颈溶骨性损害以瘤样病变居多,良性病变无论病变范围的大小,采用病灶清除,腔内植骨骨或骨水泥填塞均取得良好效果。     

距骨前部骨软骨嵴撞击综合征

目的探讨距骨前部骨软骨嵴撞击综合征的手术方法及疗效。方法 2006年2月至2012年10月,对13例距骨前部骨软骨嵴撞击综合征采用切除骨嵴、增生肥厚的纤维瘢痕和滑膜组织,男9例,女4例;年龄23~45岁,平均34岁。结果术后均获得随访,时间5~28个月,平均11个月。踝关节疼痛、肿胀、生活质量和运动功能均明显改善。根据踝关节疗效评定标准评定,优9例,良3例,可1例。结论软骨嵴切除及踝关节融合术是治疗距骨前部骨软骨嵴撞击综合征的有效方法。     

May bone cement be used to treat benign aggressive bone tumors of the feet with confidence?

Using bone cement for the reconstruction of defects created after curettage of benign aggressive bone tumors is among acceptable methods. The study aimed to assess the effect of bone cement used in aggressive bone tumors in the feet on the function of the feet. Five patients were reviewed. They were treated between 2004 and 2010. Three cases were female and two male. Their age ranged from 16 to 55 with an average of 34.8. Follow up period ranged from 14 to 86 months with an average of 34. Two cases were giant cell tumor of bone located in calcaneus and 3 were solid variant aneurysmal bone cyst located in talus, navicular and first proximal phalanx. None had any previous treatment. A biopsy was done in all cases. Treatment was curettage, high speed burring (except phalanx case), and filling the cavity with bone cement. The case located in talus recurred and re-operated 1 year later doing the same procedure. Final evaluation included physical examination, X-ray and Maryland Foot Score.No recurrence was present in the final evaluation. No problems were detected related to bone cement. Maryland Foot Scores ranged 84–100, average of 94. Cement integrity was not disturbed. The procedure is found not to effect foot functions adversely.     

Cryosurgery in the treatment of bone tumors

The concept and technique of cryosurgery in the treatment of benign and malignant bone tumors are presented Cryosurgery extends the margin of curettage and makes it equivalent to wide resection. Compared with other techniques, cryosurgery with composite fixation not only preserves joint function, but also significantly decreases the rate of local tumor recurrence. Although a relatively simple procedure, cryosurgery can cause a significant morbidity if performed inappropriately. Effective and safe procedures must follow these consecutive steps: (1) adequate exposure of the tumor cavity; (2) meticulous curettage and burr-drilling; (3) soft tissue mobilization and protection before introduction of liquid nitrogen to the tumor cavity; (4) internal fixation of the tumor cavity;' and (5) protection of the operated bone throughout the healing period.     

Giant cell tumor of tendon sheath simulating giant cell tumor of bone: report of a case

A 24-year-old male patient presented with a painful eccentric lytic lesion of the proximal tibial epiphysis with a soft tissue component. Clinical and radiological assessment led to the tentative diagnosis of aggressive giant cell tumor of bone. The patient was treated with curettage, high-speed burr, and cementation after intraoperative pathology consultation. The final pathological report indicated that the tumor was giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath with bone invasion. Although uncommon, GCTTS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of such lesions when there is a prominent soft tissue component. Although the resection was intralesional, the thermal effect of the cementation of the involved cavity and complete removal of the tendon sheath may allow successful local control conjecture of lesions that otherwise present with clinical and radiographic findings suggesting giant cell tumor of the bone.     

Use of cement for treatment of giant-cell tumors

Summary A case of giant-cell tumor (GCT) of the pelvis treated by curettage followed by packing the cavity with cement is reported. The results of different series published during the last years are discussed. The series comparing curettage and packing with resection and allografts show that recurrences occur mainly in the former and that their incidence is between 5 and 20%. Resections with allografts are followed in a considerable number of cases by complications due to the allograft. Other series relate to different sites, of which some are regarded as more dangerous: spine, pelvis, lower end of radius and upper end of fibula (where resection, if indicated, must include the whole of the upper tibiofibular articulation). The use of cement must be preceded by a scrupulous curettage of the cavity, with burring of the wall with a dental burr and possible tamponade with phenol. Cement is useful in three ways: a thermal effect on any tumor residues; support for the subchondral bone; contrast medium for postoperative monitoring. The technique of curettage and packing with cement seems indicated for benign tumors (stage III aggression does not indicate a malignant tumor), whose walls are not breached, including a stage of recurrence.

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Utilisation du ciment dans le traitement des tumeurs à cellules géantes

     

刮除植骨治疗骨巨细胞瘤的临床研究

目的：研究骨巨细胞瘤（giant-cell tumor,GCT）刮除植骨的局部复发率和并发症。方法：48例GCT选自1988－1995年我院收治的82例GCT患,采用囊内刮除植骨,进行临床和放射学随访。结果：经过28月－123月随访,功能优良率86．9％,局部复发率16．7。结论：本研究提示辞除植骨复发率低,可能与肿瘤充分刮除有关。     

Aneurysmal bone cyst of the extremities. Factors related to local recurrence after curettage with a high-speed burr

BACKGROUND: Aneurysmal bone cyst is a benign, locally destructive lesion of bone. The rates of local recurrence after curettage have varied widely. Therefore, we performed a retrospective study of patients who had had an aneurysmal bone cyst in order to identify the rate of local recurrence and the prognostic factors related to local recurrence after use of contemporary methods of curettage with a high-speed burr. METHODS: We reviewed the cases of forty patients who had been managed by the same surgeon for an aneurysmal bone cyst, as diagnosed on the basis of the latest pathological review, between January 1, 1976, and December 31, 1993. The patients were evaluated with regard to age, gender, the duration and type of symptoms, the presence or absence of pathological fracture, the status of the growth plate, the bone and part of the bone that were involved, the type of operative procedure, the outcome, the radiographic stage, the findings on magnetic resonance imaging and computerized tomography (when it became available) and on bone scintigraphy, and histological parameters. The median duration of follow-up was eighty-seven months (range, fifteen to 267 months). According to the criteria of Enneking, no patient had a stage-1 lesion (one with a surrounding rim of cortical bone), twenty-four had a stage-2 lesion (one with a clearly defined border but no cortical bone), and sixteen had a stage-3 lesion (one with no clearly defined border). RESULTS: Of the forty patients, thirty-four had curettage with use of a high-speed burr. Of these thirty-four, twenty-two had filling of the defect with a cancellous autogenous graft; four, with a cancellous allograft; and three, with polymethylmethacrylate. In five patients, no material was put into the defect. The remaining six patients had resection through the margin of the lesion. Four (12 percent) of the thirty-four patients who had curettage had a local recurrence. No patient who had an excision through the margin of the lesion had a local recurrence. All local recurrences were in skeletally immature girls who were three, four, ten, and eleven years old. Univariate analysis with use of the chi-square, Fisher exact, and Wilcoxon log-rank tests showed that local recurrence was associated only with a young age (p = 0.0036) and open growth plates (p = 0.039). All local recurrences occurred within two years postoperatively, at two, seven, nine, and twenty-four months, and all were treated successfully with a second operation. CONCLUSIONS: Rates of local control of almost 90 percent can be achieved with thorough curettage with use of a mechanical burr and without use of liquid nitrogen, phenol, or other adjuvants in patients who have an aneurysmal bone cyst of an extremity. A young age and open growth plates are associated with an increased risk of local recurrence.     

Severe life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction to polidocanol in a case of recurrent aneurysmal bone cyst

Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABC) are expansile lytic lesions constituting around 1% of all benign bone tumors with an annual incidence of 1.4/100000. A variety of treatments are available ranging from curettage with or without bone grafting (autologous or allogeneic), curettage with use of adjuvants [Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement, high speed burr, phenol, liquid nitrogen], wide en-block excision with or without reconstruction, selective arterial embolization of the feeding vessels, radiation therapy, high precision megavoltage radiotherapy and percutaneous radio-nuclide ablation, sclerotherapy (ethibloc, aetoxisclerol, alcohol gel, polidocanol). The optimal treatment is debatable due to various indications and contraindications of different modalities of treatment. Recent data suggest that percutaneous sclerotherapy with polidocanol is safe and effective alternative to surgery for treatment of ABCs as it has minimal side effects. We are reporting the first case of life-threatening adverse reaction to intra-lesional polidocanol in a three-year-old boy with a proximal femoral aneurysmal bone cyst. The importance of reporting this case is to make people aware regarding the adverse reaction of polidocanol and to highlight the precautions one should follow while using polidocanol for aneurysmal bone cysts.     

Cryosurgery and Impaction Subchondral Bone Graft for the Treatment of Giant Cell Tumor Around the Knee

Giant cell tumors are neoplasms of mesenchymal stromal cells with varied manifestations. There is no uniform accepted treatment protocol for these tumors. Curettage, although an accepted method of treatment, carries a high local recurrence rate. Adjuvant therapies including high-speed burr debridement, cryotherapy, and phenol treatment have been advocated to reduce local recurrence. We have used these adjuvants to determine if improved cure rate with improved outcomes could be attained with regard to local tumor control and functional outcome. Twenty-eight cases of proven giant cell tumors of the distal femur and proximal tibia were included in this prospective case series. The lesions were at the upper tibia in 14 cases and the lower femur in 14 patients. The patients were evaluated clinically, radiologically, and by histological examination. Companacci grading and Enneking staging were determined. The treatment was done in the following steps: Curettage and further debridement with a high-speed burr, cryotherapy, impaction of the cavity with subchondral iliac crest bone graft, and, finally, cementation with or without internal fixation. Functional evaluation was done by Enneking’s system. The follow-up time was between 24–40 months with a mean of 34 months. The functional results of the procedure were rated as good to excellent with a mean of 93.9%. This technique has the advantages of joint preservation, excellent functional outcome, and low recurrence rate when compared with other treatment modalities. For these reasons, it is recommended as an adjuvant to curettage for most giant cell tumors of bone.     

股骨近端巨细胞瘤的诊断和手术治疗

[目的]探讨股骨近端巨细胞瘤患者的影像学表现特点和病灶刮除同种异体植骨内固定手术的疗效.[方法] 2000～2010年本科共收治并随访股骨近端巨细胞瘤患者11例.男7例,女4例;年龄17 ～44岁,平均28.9岁.Campanacci's分级:Ⅰ级5例,Ⅱ级5例,Ⅲ级1例(合并病理性骨折).Campanacci's分级为Ⅲ级的患者行肿瘤广泛切除人工髋关节置换术,其他患者均行肿瘤病灶刮除同种异体松质骨移植锁定钢板内固定手术.[结果]本组病例术后髋关节疼痛均完全消退,所有患者术后均经病理证实为巨细胞瘤.术后随访时间24 ～ 72个月,平均42个月.随访期间1例Campanacci'sⅡ级的患者在术后24个月时肿瘤复发,未出现其他术后并发症.[结论]股骨近端巨细胞瘤影像学表现往往缺少典型的偏心性和膨胀性改变,穿刺活检成功率也不高,诊断具有一定难度.病灶刮除同种异体松质骨移植锁定钢板内固定手术是治疗股骨近端巨细胞瘤安全有效的术式.术中用高频电刀反复烧灼残腔骨壁有助于消灭残留的肿瘤细胞,而移植的松质骨愈合后可提供良好的远期功能学预后.