异体骨移植在全髋关节置换术后感染股骨翻修中的应用

目的 探讨异体骨植骨治疗髋关节置换术后感染股骨骨质缺损的有效性与可行性.方法 髋关节置换术后感染股骨侧骨质缺损患者20例,在二期翻修时采用异体植骨,其中16例股骨侧使用骨水泥固定假体结合打压植骨,4例股骨侧使用非骨水泥固定假体结合异体皮质骨支撑植骨.术后定期随访,根据X线片及Harris评分结果进行评价.结果 所有患者均获随访,平均随访时间20.3个月(4～61个月),X线片上无明显异体骨溶解征象,Harris评分从术前的平均34.2分提高到最后随访时的平均87.7分,患者满意率为90%,在最后随访时没有感染复发患者.结论 异体骨植骨治疗髋关节置换术后感染后股骨侧骨质缺损是有效且可行的.     

Quality of life and clinical outcome in salvage revision total knee replacement: hinged vs. total condylar design

This study compared the overall outcome after salvage revision total knee arthroplasty using hinged and nonhinged designs. We followed 26 total knee arthroplasties for an average of 20.4 months. The average age was 68.5 years. All patients had a salvage situation secondary to excessive bone loss, enlarged flexion gap, collateral ligament insufficiency, or extensor mechanism insufficiency. Ten patients received a hinged implant after an average of 2.8 prior total knee replacements. Sixteen patients received nonhinged constrained implants after an average of 3.4 prior total knee replacements. The outcome was evaluated using the Hospital for Special Surgery Score (HSS), the Knee Society Score (KSS), the Visual Analogue Scale for pain (VAS), the Tegner Activity Score, the Patella Score, and the Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36). There was a statistically significant difference in flexion range of motion between hinged and nonhinged designs (96.5° vs. 107.5°) but not in HSS, KSS, VAS, Tegner Activity Score, or Patella Score. Patients with hinged and nonhinged prostheses had significantly lower scores than an age-matched normal population in physical functioning, role limitations, and bodily pain on the SF-36 survey. However, patients with a hinged implant had no statistically significant difference compared to controls in the mental component summary. In salvage total knee arthroplasty the implant design does not significantly affect the overall functional outcome. However, patients with a hinged implant had significant better scores in the mental components of the SF36 quality-of-life assessment.     

胫骨高位截骨术失败后行全膝关节假体置换术的长期疗效观察

目的 针对胫骨高位截骨术(high tibial osteotomy,HTO)失败后行全膝人工关节置换术(total knee arthmplasty,TKA)进行长期疗效观察,分析其远期临床疗效及术中注意事项.方法 选择法国Medico-Chirurgical du Cedre中心1990年3月-1992年6月18例(19膝)HTO术后失败的患者并行TKA治疗.所有关节均有内外侧间室退变,4例伴有外侧胫骨平台中度骨缺损.采用X线测量和膝关节协会评分系统(Knee Society Scoring System,KSS)评估手术疗效,X线测量包括髋膝踝角(hip knee ankle,HKA)、α角、β角、髌骨指数、胫骨平台后倾角等.结果 TKA中11膝因HTO术后严重外翻和髌骨外侧半脱位而在TKA中行胫骨结节截骨及内移术;5膝因侧方软组织条件差或平衡不良而置入半限制型假体.随访时18例患者中2例死亡,获访16例(17膝).无失访和翻修病例.7膝在随访时出现严重聚乙烯衬垫磨损,但临床症状较轻.随访时KSS平均147.2分,优良率82%. 结论 HTO术后行TKA临床疗效优良.但由于外翻畸形和髌股关节并发症多见,可能需采用胫骨结节截骨术并内移术;HTO术后外翻畸形为TKA软组织平衡和胫骨截骨造成一定困难,术前应准备置入限制性更高的假体.     

Slight undercorrection following total knee arthroplasty results in superior clinical outcomes in varus knees

Purpose

Restoration of correct alignment is one of the main objectives of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, the influence of residual malalignment on clinical and functional outcomes is currently uncertain. This study was therefore undertaken to ascertain its influence in patients undergoing TKA for varus osteoarthritis of the knee.

Methods

A cohort of 132 consecutive patients (143 knees) with pre-operative varus alignment was evaluated with a mean follow-up period of 7.2 years. Based upon the post-operative alignment, patients were stratified into three groups: neutral, mild varus, and severe varus. These groups were compared with respect to clinical and functional outcomes.

Results

All patients had post-operative improvements in Knee Society Score (KSS). Knees that were left in mild varus scored significantly better for the KSS and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index, compared with knees that were corrected to neutral and knees that were left in severe varus exceeding 6°. No revisions occurred in any of the groups at midterm follow-up.

Conclusion

The results of this study contradict the conventional assumption that correction to neutral mechanical alignment leads to the best outcome following TKA. Patients with pre-operative varus had better clinical and functional outcome scores if the alignment was left in mild varus, as compared with patients with an alignment correction to neutral.

Level of evidence

Therapeutic study, Level III.     

Total knee arthroplasty following failed high tibial osteotomy: mid-term comparison of posterior cruciate-retaining versus posterior stabilized prosthesis

This study evaluated the mid-term results of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) following high tibial osteotomy (HTO), comparing posterior cruciate-retaining prostheses to posterior stabilized prostheses. The Knee Society score for the entire group (20 knees) improved significantly from 62 (median) preoperatively to 87 at the latest follow-up. The postoperative Knee Society score of 85 in posterior cruciate-retaining prostheses (8 knees) was significantly inferior to the 94 score in posterior stabilized prostheses (12 knees). Of Knee Society score, Stability and ROM scores (17 and 21, respectively) in posterior cruciate-retaining TKA were inferior to those in posterior stabilized TKA (25 and 24, respectively). Since postoperative knee instability due to posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) insufficiency is thought to contribute to the inferior results of posterior cruciate-retaining prostheses after HTO, PCL-substituting TKA would be suitable for use after HTO.     

骨水泥股骨柄和非骨水泥臼杯在首次全髋关节置换术中的应用

目的 随访一组采用同一类型骨水泥型股骨假体和非骨水泥型髋臼假体组合在首次人工全髋关节置换术中的应用，并探讨该种混合型假体对于全身健康情况和骨质质量一般较差的老年患者的适用情况。方法 共有75例患者84髋得到临床和影像学随访，平均年龄为67．9岁。其中老龄股骨颈骨折患者41例41髋，平均年龄72．1岁。随访时间为4．1年。随访内容包括患者的健康状况、手术方法、术后恢复情况以及对于骨形态、骨水泥固定质量和假体稳定性的判断。结果 2例股骨假体发生无菌性松动，臼杯则未见骨溶解或松动征象。未出现骨水泥相关的术中或术后死亡，各类全身性疾病在围手术期无加重表现。41例股骨颈骨折患者术后Harris评分为81.1分。股骨近端骨形态A型17髋（20％），B型47髋（56％），C型20髋（24％）。骨水泥固定质量分别为A级31髋（37％），B级40髋（48％），C级13髋（15％）。结论 混合型人工关节置换术的短期随访结果良好；混合型人工关节的术后即时稳定性有利于老年患者的康复；在手术中必须应用现代骨水泥技术。     

髋关节置换术后股骨假体周围Vancouver B型骨折的治疗

目的研究全髋关节置换术后股骨假体周围VancouverB型骨折的治疗效果。方法股骨假体柄周围骨折10例，其中Vancouver分类B1型3例，B2型2例，B3型5例。B1型骨折行切开复位，异体皮质骨板移植加钢丝环扎治疗；B2型骨折行切开复位，钢丝或线缆固定，加长股骨柄翻修；B3型骨折行切开复位，加长股骨柄翻修，异体皮质骨板移植加钢丝环扎固定。全部患者均得到随访，时间8～36个月，平均27个月，采用Harris髋关节功能评分和X线片对治疗结果进行评价。骨折愈合，患肢恢复行走功能为治疗成功，而骨折未愈合、假体松动、发生感染等并发症需要再次手术治疗者为治疗失败。结果10例患者骨折全部愈合，假体无松动、感染等并发症，治疗成功率100％。9例患者自由行走，1例需要助行器帮助。最后一次随访，Harris评分平均为83分。移植骨板与宿主骨骨性愈合，股骨皮质厚度增加3～5mm。结论假体稳定性和局部骨骼条件是影响VancouverB型骨折治疗效果的重要因素，针对髋关节置换术后假体柄周围VancouverB型骨折不同亚型采用不同的治疗方法能够取得很好的疗效。同种异体皮质骨板移植重建股骨假体周围骨折，不但能提供固定支撑作用，而且可促进骨折愈合，增加局部骨量和改善骨强度，显示出较好的优越性。     

Early results of cementless hip arthroplasty in the treatment of femoral head posttraumatic and atraumatic osteonecrosis

AIM: To evaluate the value of cementless hip arthroplasty in the treatment of posttraumatic and atraumatic osteonecrosis (ON) of the femoral head. METHODS: The study was conducted at the Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Military Medical Academy, between January 1st, 1999 and December 31st, 2003. Twenty-five patients with 27 implanted endoprostheses, and the diagnosis of osteonecrosis of the femoral head, and radiographically confirmed Arlet-Ficat stage III and IV were evaluated retrospectively. The results were evaluated according to Harris Hip Score (HHS). The research included 10 patients with traumatically induced osteonecrosis and 15 patients (17 endoprothesis) with osteonecrosis of the femoral head. The mean age of the patients in the group with posttraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head was 41 (19-62) years, and in the group of the patients with atraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head it was 40.2 (21-53) years. Complications included one case with postoperative luxation, and one case with iatrogenic sciatic nerve palsy. RESULTS: The average Harris Hip Scores in the group of posttraumatic osteonecrosis were 31 points preoperatively and 86 points postoperatively. In the group of osteonecrosis of atraumatic etiology, the average Harris Hip Score was 28 points preoperatively, and 77 points postoperatively. Postoperative Harris Hip Scores were compared with the Student's t-test and the results showed no statistically significant difference (p = 0,125). CONCLUSIONS: Our study did not find any significant difference between the results of posttraumatic and atraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head treated with cementless endoprosthesis.     

人工全膝关节置换术治疗严重畸形膝关节临床研究

目的：探讨人工全膝关节置换术（total knee arthroplasty, TKA）治疗严重畸形膝关节的手术方法和临床疗效。方法对人工全膝关节置换术916例（1031膝）,严重畸形膝关节置换术80例,其中56例（70膝）成功随访。严重内翻畸形19例（23膝）、严重外翻畸形21例（27膝）、严重屈曲畸形16例（20膝）。术后平均随访时间60个月（6个月～10年）。对膝关节屈伸活动度、HSS、KSS膝关节评分系统对手术前后进行回顾性研究。结果膝关节屈伸活动度由术前平均80°（伸直0°～屈曲120°）提高到术后115°（伸直0°～屈曲130°）,膝关节评分系统 HSS、KSS术前及随访时比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,KSS评分：临床评分由术前平均33分（10～68分）提高到术后平均81分（70～100分）,HSS临床评分由术前平均43分（27～68分）提高到术后平均86分（72～100分）。膝内外翻、屈曲挛缩畸形得到较好矫正。结论严重畸形膝关节通过关节置换术同样能恢复正常的关节功能,提高了患者生活质量,获得满意的临床疗效。     

Rate of torque development is the primary contributor to quadriceps avoidance gait following total knee arthroplasty

BackgroundFollowing rehabilitation for total knee arthroplasty, “quadriceps avoidance gait”, defined by limited knee flexion angle excursion during walking, persists and contributes to poor long-term outcomes. Given the presence of several post-surgical impairments, identifying the contribution of multiple factors to knee flexion angle excursion is important to developing targeted interventions to improve recovery after total knee arthroplasty.Research questionsWhich outcomes continue to improve following rehabilitation for total knee arthroplasty? What are the primary contributors to impaired knee flexion angle excursion during walking following total knee arthroplasty?MethodsPeak muscle strength and rate of torque development of the quadriceps, hip abductors, and hip external rotators, five-time sit-to-stand test, Knee Injury & Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, and gait mechanics were assessed in 24 participants at three and six months post-surgery. Paired sample t-tests or Wilcoxon Signed-Rank tests were used to compare outcomes between assessments. Stepwise multiple linear regression were used to assess the contribution of each measure to knee flexion angle excursion.ResultsSignificant improvements were noted in all outcomes except hip external rotation rate of torque development, gait speed, and knee flexion angle excursion. Quadriceps rate of torque development and knee pain significantly contributed to knee flexion angle excursion at three months (Adjusted R² = 0.342), while quadriceps rate of torque development and peak hip external rotation strength significantly contributed at six months (Adjusted R² = 0.436).SignificanceWhile higher pain levels at three months and greater peak hip external rotation muscle strength at six months contribute to impaired knee flexion angle excursion, quadriceps rate of torque development was the primary contributor to knee flexion angle excursion at both three and six months after surgery. Implementing strategies to maximize quadriceps rate of torque development during rehabilitation may help to reduce quadriceps avoidance gait after total knee arthroplasty.     

No difference between double-high insert and medial-pivot insert in TKA

Purpose

To compare the clinical midterm results in ADVANCE total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with double-high (DH) insert, with same type implant with medial-pivot (MP) insert.

Method

Forty ADVANCE TKAs were randomly divided into two groups, and two different design insert, DH insert, and MP insert were used in each group. At midterm, 4–5 years after surgery, Knee Society Scores (KSS), Knee Society Functional Scores (KSFS), range of motion (ROM), and UCLA activity score were assessed and reported in this study.

Results

Midterm clinical results, including ROM and KSS, were comparable with both groups. KSFS and UCLA activity score were equally good between the two groups.

Conclusion

The results in this study revealed equally good clinical results with these types of implants at midterm follow-up, although the significant better ROM has not achieved by using DH insert. We concluded that the selection of inserts only could not achieve the better clinical results, including ROM and activity level in this study.

Level of evidence

Therapeutic studies—investigating the results of treatment, Level II.     

The need for a dose constraint in hip prosthesis to minimize later hip dysfunction. A retrospective analysis of relevant cases

Results from a single-institution study support the need of a dose constraint for patients who have previously undergone hip replacement surgery. Our study provides evidence that a dose above 30 Gy to the area of hip prosthesis is significantly correlated with later hip arthroplasty dysfunction as measured by the Harris Hip Score. As total hip arthroplasty becomes more and more common, it is urgent to further look into radiation therapy treatment parameters that can be modified to improve the quality of life of patients who receive pelvic irradiation after hip arthroplasty. Further prospective studies are needed to extract safe conclusions.     

The effect of tibio-femoral over-distraction in primary knee arthroplasty

Purpose

Overstuffing the patellofemoral joint has been associated with poor post-operative outcomes. No study has assessed the effect of over-distracting the tibio-femoral joint in the vertical plane and its effects on function and quality of life. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of tibio-femoral joint distraction on function and quality of life after total knee arthroplasty.

Methods

Measurements of knee joint distraction were devised using long-leg alignment radiographs. Seventy-three patients were prospectively recruited and their joint distraction measured post-operatively. A comparison was made between the level of joint distraction and functional outcomes as measured by the International Knee Society score and its components, such as pain and flexion, and the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score and quality of life as measured by the Short-Form 12 score. Twelve-month follow-up was achieved.

Results

Knee joint over-distraction post-arthroplasty correlated significantly with Knee Society score (p = 0.041), flexion (p = 0.005) and pain (p = 0.002). Those knees that were over-distracted post-operatively suffered more pain, less flexion and a lower International Knee Society score compared with their counterparts. No correlation was found between over-distracting the knee joint and quality of life.

Conclusion

Over-distracting the tibio-femoral joint during arthroplasty is a significant predictor of reduction in function and increase in pain in the short to medium term. When between sizes of tibial inserts, the surgeon should consider using the thinner option.

Level of evidence

Prospective cohort study, Level II.     

Modest mid-term outcomes after isolated arthroscopic debridement of acetabular labral tears

Purpose

Currently, there is a paucity of literature regarding outcomes after isolated labral debridement. The purpose of this study was to (1) report the reoperation rate following isolated labral debridement, (2) report clinical and functional outcomes after labral debridement with a minimum 2-year follow-up and (3) identify risk factors for worse clinical and functional outcomes. It was hypothesized that inferior outcomes are associated with an increasing Tönnis grade and those with untreated femoral acetabular impingement (FAI).

Methods

The records of patients undergoing hip arthroscopy between 1998 and 2005 were reviewed. Patients with labral tears who underwent isolated arthroscopic labral debridement were identified. Kaplan–Meier estimate of failure (defined as subsequent surgery) was performed for all patients. Patients with minimum 2-year follow-up were assessed with Modified Harris Hip Score (MHHS) and Hip Outcome Score (HOS). Univariate analysis was then performed to assess which factors were associated with worse clinical and functional outcomes.

Results

Fifty-nine hips in 57 patients met our inclusion criteria (39 females, 18 males) with a mean age of 46 ± 14 years and mean follow-up of 5 (range 2–14) years. Overall, 45 % of the hips failed for repeat surgery (20 %) or rating for hip function as abnormal or severely abnormal (25 %). Twelve hips (20 %) required subsequent surgical intervention at a mean 23 (range 6–60) months (7 total hip arthroplasties, 2 open revisions, 3 arthroscopic revisions). Of the remaining hips, mean MHHS was 83.4 ± 19.7, mean HOS ADL score was 83.8 ± 21.3 and mean HOS sport score was 70.6 ± 32.9, with 33 of 41 (75 %) reporting normal or nearly normal current level of function. Univariate analysis revealed that hips with untreated bony impingement (p = 0.01) or requiring concomitant chondroplasty (p = 0.03) had inferior clinical outcome scores.

Conclusions

Isolated arthroscopic labral debridement for hip labral tears had 45 % combined poor results when strictly defining failure as repeat surgery or abnormal hip rating. Untreated FAI and concomitant chondroplasty were risk factors for inferior outcome. We recommend concomitant treatment for bony impingement lesions and preservation of the labrum whenever possible.

Level of evidence

Retrospective case series, Level IV.     

人工全膝关节置换术治疗胫骨平台骨折内固定术后创伤性关节炎回顾性研究

目的探讨胫骨平台骨折内固定术后创伤性骨关节炎的人工全膝关节置换术及其临床疗效。方法北京积水潭医院矫形骨科自2003年1月至2015年1月,收治12例(12膝)胫骨平台骨折术后创伤性关节炎患者。所有患者骨折后均曾行切开复位内固定术治疗。应用KSS评分和功能评分术前和术后随访评估。术前膝关节屈伸活动度(80.0°±34.9°)。膝关节学会KSS评分(62.7±11.1)分,功能评分(61.7±10.7)分。12例患者均行全膝关节置换术。9例患者选择后稳定型假体,2例患者选择限制性LCCK假体,1例患者选择旋转铰链膝关节假体。结果本组共12例患者,1例患者出现伤口并发症和浅表感染,1例患者术中内侧副韧带部分撕脱。术后随访1~13年(平均4.3年),无晚期并发症出现。末次随访时,KSS评分(80.5±10.4)分,功能评分(82.5±16.6)分,膝关节屈伸活动度(101.7°±16.0°),均较术前显著改善(P<0.05)。结论胫骨平台骨折内固定术后创伤性骨关节炎的人工全膝关节置换术可以显著改善患者的关节功能,但易出现感染及伤口并发症,具有较高的技术要求。     

The anterior–posterior laxity after total knee arthroplasty inserted with a ligament tensor

Goal of this study is to determine the anterior–posterior laxity in 30° of knee flexion for a posterior cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty with a relative dished insert and implanted with a ligament tensor. Furthermore, the correlation between these AP laxities and the postoperative range of motion (ROM) and postoperative Knee Society Score (KSS) is analysed. Fifty-one balanSys™ total knee arthroplasties were performed in 49 patients between 1998 and 2000. These arthroplasties are analysed with respect to AP laxity (Rolimeter), ROM and KSS with a mean follow-up of 4.6 years. The mean anterior laxity is 2.8 mm with no posterior laxities at all. The average postoperative ROM is 110° with an average KSS of 142. No correlations between AP-laxity and postoperative ROM or between AP-laxity and postoperative KSS are found. A posterior cruciate retaining TKA with a relative dished insert and implanted with a tensor is very stable in the anterior–posterior direction in 30° of knee flexion. This limited laxity does not seem to disadvantage the mean postoperative ROM and KSS, when compared to other TKA studies.     

The effects of short-term preoperative physical therapy and education on early functional recovery of patients younger than 70 undergoing total hip arthroplasty

BACKGROUND/AIM: Hip arthroplasty is a routine operation which relieves pain in patients with osteoarthritis. The role of physical therapy after hip arthroplasty was recognized, but the importance of preoperative physical therapy and education is still to be judged. The aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of short-term preoperative program of education and physical therapy on patients' early functional recovery immediately after total hip arthroplasty (THA). METHODS: This prospective study included 45 patients with hip osteoarthritis scheduled to undergo primary THA and admitted to the Department of Orthopedics of Military Medical Academy. They were randomized into 2 groups: study and control one (with and without preoperative education and physical therapy). Preoperative education was conducted through conversation (1 appointment with physiatrist) and brochure. The study group was instructed to perform exercises and basic activities from the postoperative rehabilitation program (2 practical classes with physiotherapist). Effects were measured with questionnaires (Harris, Oxford and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) hip scores), range of motion and visual analog scale of pain. Marks showing ability to perform basic activities and endurance were from 0 (did not perform activity) to 5 (independent and secure). Analyses examined differences between the groups over the preoperative and immediate postoperative periods and 15 months after the operation. RESULTS: There were no differences between the groups at discharge according to pain, range of motion, Harris hip score and JOA hip score. Oxford hip score did not differ between the groups 15 months after the operation. The groups started to walk at the same time, but the study group walked up and down stairs (3.7+/-1.66 vs 5.37+/-1.46, p< or =0.002), used toilet (2.3+/-0.92 vs 3.2+/-1.24, p< or =0.02) and chair (2.2+/-1.01 vs 3.25+/-1.21, p< or =0.006) significantly earlier than the control group. On the third day after the operation the study group was significantly more independent than the control one while performing any basic activities (changing position in bed from supine to side lying, from supine to sitting on the edge of the bed, from sitting to standing, from standing to lying in the bad, standing, walking, using toilet and chair). At discharge the patients from the control group still needed the therapist help for walking up and down stairs (3+/-1.26), while the patients from the study group performed there activities independently (4.85+/-0.37) (p< or =0.000). Endurance while walking was significantly better in the study group than in the control one. The length of hospital stay after the operation was similar for both groups, but the patients from the study group needed significantly less classes with the therapist (5.2+/-2.35 vs 6.85+/-1.14, p< or =0.02) during hospital stay. CONCLUSION: The short-term preoperative program of education with the elements of physical therapy accelerated early functional recovery of patients (younger than 70) immediately after THA and we recommend it for routine use.     

93例同期双侧人工全髋关节置换术回顾性分析

目的 回顾性分析93例双侧同期人工全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)中及术后并发症、术后功能恢复情况.方法 1999年1月-2009年1月,总共随访到93例(186髋)患者行同期双侧THA,其中男70例,女23例;年龄25～65岁,平均41.8岁.双侧股骨头缺血坏死(ONFH)48例,发育性髋关节脱位(DDH)合并骨关节炎26例,双侧类风湿性髋关节炎(RA)11例,强直性脊柱炎(AS)8例.统汁所有患者术中失血量,术前及末次随访Harris评分,术中及术后并发症.结果 93例患者平均随访时间65个月(12～118个月).其中1例(1髋)术中发生股骨骨折,1例(1髋)出院后6个月发生感染.Harris评分从术前的(36.7±6.1)分增加到末次随访的(91.2±6.2)分.92例患者疼痛消失,X线评估无假体松动;1例(1髋)术后49个月发牛髋臼侧假体松动行翻修术.结论 严格掌握手术适应证,合理选择并按标准程序安装假体,注重围术期处理和康复训练,行同期双侧THA是双侧髋关节疾病既安全又有效的选择.

Abstract：

Objective To retrospectively study the perioperative complications and postoperative function recovery of 93 patients treated with simultaneous bilateral total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods A total of 93 patients (186 hips) undergone simultaneous bilateral THA from January 1999 to January 2009 in our hospital were involved in this study. There were 70 males and 23 females (at age range of 25-65 years, average 41. 8 years). The preoperative diagnosis included bilateral avascular necrosis of femoral head in 48 patients, rheumatoid arthritis in 11, developmental dysplasia of the hip in 26 and ankylosing spondylitis in 8. The intraoperative blood loss, Harris scores before operation and at final followup as well as perioperative complications were analyzed. Results All the patients were followed up for average 65 months (12-118 months), which showed femur fracture in one patient and infection six months after discharge in one patient. The Harris score was increased from (36.7 ±6.1) points preoperatively to (91.2±6.2) points at the final follow-up. Hip pain disappeared in 92 patients after operation and radiograph showed no loosening. Actebular loosening occurred in one patient 49 months after operation and was revised accordingly. Conclusion Under strict control of operation indications, suitable choice and implantation of the prosthesis and emphasis on perioperative management and postoperative rehabilitation, simultaneous bilateral THA is a safe and effective choice for bilateral hip diseases.     

Effect of surgical closing in total knee arthroplasty at flexion or extension: a prospective,randomized study

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of knee position during wound closure (flexed vs. extended) in total knee arthroplasty on knee strength and function, as determined by knee society scores and isokinetic testing of extensor and flexor muscle groups.

Methods

In a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial, 29 patients were divided in two groups: for Group 1 patients, surgical closing was performed with the knee extended, and for Group 2 patients, the knee flexed at 90°. All the patients were treated with the same anaesthesia method, surgical team, surgical technique, prosthesis type, and rehabilitation process. American Knee Society Score values and knee flexion degrees were recorded. Isokinetic muscle strength measurements of both knees in flexion and extension were taken using 60° and 180°/s angular velocity. The peak torque and total work values, isokinetic muscle strength differences, and total work difference values were calculated for surgically repaired and healthy knees.

Results

No significant difference in the mean American Knee Society Score values and knee flexion degrees was observed between the two groups. However, using isokinetic evaluation, a significant difference was found in the isokinetic muscle strength differences and total work difference of the flexor muscle between the two groups when patients were tested at 180°/s. Less loss of strength was detected in the isokinetic muscle strength differences of the flexor muscle in Group 2 (?4.2 %) than in Group 1 (?23.1 %).

Conclusion

For patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty, post-operative flexor muscle strength is improved if the knee is flexed during wound closure.

Level of evidence

II.     

髋关节镜导向器引导下精准钻孔减压治疗早期股骨头坏死的近期临床疗效

 目的 分析髋关节镜导向器引导下精准钻孔减压治疗早期股骨头坏死的近期临床疗效。方法 选取2015-04至2018-08解放军总医院第三医学中心骨科60例(93髋)诊断为股骨头坏死的患者,均接受导向器引导下股骨头坏死区精准钻孔减压治疗。患者18～53岁,平均38.3岁,男44例,女16例。其中激素性股骨头坏死28例,酒精性股骨头坏死11例,8例为武警战士训练后所致,13例不明原因。术前采用Harris评分系统进行患髋评分,术后予以对症治疗,定期随访,拍片复查。结果 60例(93髋)获得随访,失访2例,平均随访13个月。Harris评分由术前[(74.19±12.19)分]提高到末次随访时的[(87.40±5.34)分]。其中2例病情进展股骨头发生塌陷。无感染及术中、术后股骨转子间或股骨颈骨折发生。结论 导向器引导下股骨头坏死区精准钻孔减压能将钻孔位置精准定位到股骨头坏死区域,提高了钻孔减压的准确性,手术效果好。